مجله فرهنگ و ارتقای سلامت (فرهنگستان علوم پزشکی جمهوری اسلامی ایران)
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 15، پاییز 1400)

Different fields of sciences relate to lifestyle due to the interdisciplinary nature of it. This article was compiled to provide a study framework for Iranian Islamic lifestyle issues in the field of health.

The research method is documentary and analytical. Existing documents on a healthy Iranian Islamic lifestyle were extracted and analyzed. Then the proposed framework was presented.

The proposed framework consists of five sections: topics and subjects, audience, methodology, corrective interventions and pilot intervention.

A conceptual framework can help to share common understanding of issues and adopt co-directional perspectives in lifestyle studies.

To assess the Pattern of psychological well-being in the context of a philosophical lifestyle.

The method of this study assessed a new interpretation of the welfare model by content analysis, and is inferred from the research hypothesis attributing certain features of the characteristics of a balanced life in a philosophical lifestyle.

Intellect is an important element by which to regard the unseen world and it grows in equilibrium with science and knowledge. Applying spirituality with science  prevenrts man from deprivatiion decadence  in life. Accordingly, training of a wise and spiritual man, in the context of a philosophical lifestyle in which the   mind is the main feature, is an important necessity for the psychological well-being model.

One who has faith in God can reach spiritual health through philosophical thinking, meditation, and   cognitive judgment; self-efficacy preventing helplessness to dominate over one's own environment and self indulgence.

The importance of positive family relationships and its impact on various aspects of social life, including health, have been stressed in several studies. Religious teachings have always emphasized companionship and optimal relations between couples. This study examines married lifestyles and its determinants and seek to determine the factors affecting their lifestyle.

A cross-sectional survey of married men and women in Tehran was done. We selected 1736 samples by multi-stage cluster sampling from 50 districts and the data were analyzed.

Extreme individualism was not prevalent among spouses. Selective lifestyles were affected by mass media, religion, gender, and attitudes of the spouse leading to conflict between work and family.

Findings of this study, have challenged the relationship between contemporary changes and a separate lifestyles. In order to increase the stability of marital life, it is necessary to explain family policies and  consideration of individual intimate needs of married couples.

Exercise and physical activity, recreational and educational, pursue broad psycho-social goals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of virtual aerobic exercise on happiness, social communication and academic achievement in high school girls in Kermanshah during the corona

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control and experimental group, and is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study includes students of all girls' high schools in Kermanshah; 140 inactive female students were randomly selected based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and divided into two groups of 70 control and experimental. In the pre-test stage, Taylor et al.'s (2005) Academic Performance Questionnaire, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (1989) and Reggio Social Skills Test (1989) were distributed among the students, followed by the experimental group for eight weeks and they did three sessions of exercise each week. Findings were processed using multivariate covariance and SPSS20 software.

The results showed that intervention based on eight weeks of virtual aerobic training led to a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the amount of happiness; between the two experimental and control groups the amount of happiness (F = 11.66 and 030 P = 0.05 and academic performance (F = 4.201 and
 p = 0.042) ]was significant but there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in social relationship (P <0.05).

Participating in virtual sports exercises can also create a sense of dependence and belonging in students in difficult situations such as corona pandemic, which makes a person feel mentally happy and also has an effect on academic performance.

One of the important challenges in various fields of medical sciences is to establish a logical relationship between concepts such as "heart", "soul", "mind", "soul" and the physical body of man. Knowing the characteristics of the soul and heart and guiding them correctly towards health is a requirement of conscious living and improves individual and social lifestyle. The purpose of this study is to investigate the variety of interpretations related to the soul in the Holy Quran and their semantic relationship with each other and its impact on human health.

This study was conducted by library method and keyword search in international scientific databases. This study is analyzed in two sections: "Variety of self-interpretations" and "Impact of self-health".

 In the semantic system of the Qur'an, the soul also means death, heart and iodine. The heart is the instrument of the soul for perception and understanding. The heart, like the body, can be divided into healthy, sick, and dead. The worst disease in humans is heart disease. Because it causes the misunderstanding of the truths and the loss of the most perfect happiness in the Hereafter, and it is a kind of death. Believer and guided hearts and infidel and unguided hearts with certain attributes are formed in the shadow of human behavior. Positive thinking, realism and self-care will improve the performance of the body's hormones and the health of the body.

With sustainable soul health, all dimensions of human health will be provided
The purpose of the mission of the prophets is to make them aware that our behavior and beliefs affect the lightness and darkness of the heart, which in itself leads to happiness and misery.
Having a healthy breath, by affecting the health of hormones, causes a person's physical health and better relationships with fellow human beings and other components of life and the environment.

In addition to the Covid 19 pandemic has affected mental health.as well as physical health. This policy brief presents strategies and activities to promote mental health after the Covid 19 pandemic.

Given the importance of psychosocial health in the society there is a need for national and institutional plans for their implementation. This paper sought to assess  national laws and documents in this regard.

The contents of upstream documents and laws were done using websites of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Ministry of Health and other sites relating to mental health; assessment was done via the SDH approach.

The findings of the study in the form of a review showed weaknesses in implementation of principles to promote mental health in the society.

Methods to achieve and promote mental health are suggested.

The aim of this study was to identify the sociological damage of Covid 19 disease in Iran.

The statistical population included professors and experts in various fields (sociology, psychology, medicine, sports, economics, educational management, etc.). Sampling was done purposefully through snowball technique and based on theoretical saturation criteria. Data collection tools were 24 semi-structured interviews and a structural self-interaction matrix questionnaire. In the first part, the data were categorized using thematic analysis method and in the form of basic, organized and comprehensive themes. Also, using the interpretive structural model, the identified sociological damages were classified.

The findings showed that the sociological injuries of Covid 19 disease in Iran as a comprehensive theme include 95 basic themes and 8 organizing themes which were classified into 3 levels and it was found that occupational or economic injuries, damage to health system, anomalies. Social harms are civil and developmental injuries, emotional-communication injuries, physical injuries, educational injuries and psychological injuries.

Considering the prevalence of Covid 19 disease and the comprehensive effects and harms it causes on society, effective measures should be taken to prevent these harms.

Development is a tool for competition between countries and their ranking according to international criteria. Different perspectives exist in this area, which the most important models are: the Capitalist, Socialist, and Iranic-Islamic. An overview of the concepts and the foundations of development may help clarify the manner our society wants to obtain and provide needed facilities.

A comprehensive literature review with regard to basic concepts, definitions, values and socio-economic consequences of development models was conducted. National and international books and articles were reviewed analytically.

There are several theoretical and practical definitions for development. It sometimes refers to reducing gaps, transforming potentials to reality, or enforcing regularities and expanding appropriate structures. The first model of development, Capitalist, was formed during the industrial revolution, and resulted in conspicuous consumerism, domination, destruction and abuse of natural environment, colonialism and slavery. The second model, socialist, was structured in Revolution of October 1917. Despotism was the immediate and most direct consequence. The Iranic-islamic development model was designed in early 2011. Supposedly the main expected consequences for this model are "improvement in the fields of thought, science, life, and spirituality."

There are several mechanisms designed for promoting the well-being of communities. One of the most important of them is democratization of the workplace and creation of an atmosphere in which everybody feels worthy, valuable and performs a participatory role in the workplace. More equitable distribution of socio-economic advantages not only increase the social trust and well-being indices, but also prevent many social pathologies.

Islamic spirituality is one of the concerns of experts active in this field. The purpose of this study was to identify, explore and determine research priorities in the field of Islamic spiritual health.

The Delphi method was used. In this method, based on the interviews of the elites, which included experts in the field of spiritual health from university professors, seminaries and the views of Islamic thinkers in this field. .After collecting data through content analysis , SPSS software was used to analyze the frequency obtained in the Delphi method. Maxquda software was used to separate the indicators and explain the relationships between the experts' views.

Based on the obtained results, 15 methods required for conducting research, 18 titles of support needed for conducting education and research, 15 important theoretical bases in the study of spiritual health, 15 research and educational gaps on spiritual health in Islamic society, 15 gaps in the field of spiritual health education (schools and universities), 12 main methods of adapting different cultures and different perspectives and 12 fundamental perils of lack of spiritual health in individual, family and social spheres were noted.

The results of the interviews showed that in relation to the various aspects of spiritual health in various fields, there are several gaps that researchers in this field should pay attention to and seek to fulfill.

Excess death analysis is one of the accepted and current methods used in estimating the mortality of epidemics, especially in the case of unknown or little-known diseases, and is currently performed in many countries of the world in the face of the Corona (Covid-19) pandemic. It has been effective in understanding the process and extent of spread and reporting of this pandemic. In this report, the increased death rate attributed to Covid-19 is identified and discussed.

Death data published by the Office of Statistics and Demographic Information and Migration of the Ministry of Interior in both quarterly and weekly formats, and data on Corona deaths obtained from daily reports of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education or from one of the global systems were collected and processed in a weekly format.

Results of the analysis of excess deaths during the corona epidemic in Iran reveals that compared to the pre-epidemic period of the solar year 1397,(2018) a total of 200,482 excess death has been reported during the eighteen months from Esfand (early March 2019) 1398 to the end of Shahrivar (late September 2021) 1400, of which 102,038 (50.90%) were directly attributed and reported as Corona deaths, probably based on  hospitalized  cases and those in the intensive care units (ICU).

The assigned cause of death for the excess death not attributed directly to Covid-19 is not currently published or openly reported.

Aim of the family medicine program was achieving comprehensive and equitable health care and services for all individuals in the community. This statement outlines the requirements and strategies required by the program.

Indicators such as access and benefit from the comprehensive and basic health services package are improved by primary health care development and using family medicine program and referral chain as an effective strategy. Due to the gap between the rules and policies of the family medicine program and its implementation, this study aims to identify the requirements and strategies for the implementation of the program in Iran.

A qualitative study was conducted in 1400. Participants in the study were policy makers and managers of the Ministry of Health and insurance organizations and faculty members of medical universities. Data were collected based on the interview guide during 10 sessions of focused group discussion and analyzed by using content analysis method.

The implementing requirements for family medicine program were classified into 6 titles (political, cultural-social, economic, educational, managerial and executive) and 27 sub- titles. The required strategies were extracted in 3 titles (management of health care networks in the city and province, implementation of health programs and training of family physicians, managers and the community) and 28 sub-titles.

The results of the study show that executive strategies in program management, monitoring and evaluation should be considered by creating appropriate determination and will. And appropriate executive solutions could be using the capacity of the non-governmental sector in the structure of health care networks, intra-sectoral and inter-sectoral collaborations.

Since at least half a century ago, life expectancy at birth in Iran has increased significantly, however, there is still a fundamental difference between life expectancy in Iran and developed countries, such as Japan. This study seeks to identify the potential for increasing life expectancy in Iran.

The number of registered deaths in Iran by age, sex and cause of death for 2015 was obtained from the death registration system of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of the I. R. Iran and also Japans death information for 2015 was obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan. After evaluating and analyzing the data, using the Arriga analysis method, the share of age groups and causes of death in the difference in life expectancy at birth of the two countries was calculated.

The increase in life expectancy at birth for Japanese men and women compared to Iran was 7.2 years and 10 years, respectively. The difference between the two countries in infant mortality in both sexes, as well as deaths of old age, especially for women, play a major role in the difference in life expectancy between the two countries. In addition, cardiovascular disease has been the main driver for the lower life expectancy of men (3.7 years) and women (5.5 years) in Japan/

It is essential that policymakers and planners increase life expectancy and community health, by reducing infant and child mortality, reducing unintentional accidents, especially at a young age, and control and improve the condition of cardiovascular disease in old age.

The relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, health spending and GDP growth is one of the issues that economists have been focusing on in recent decades. Investigating the factors affecting health spending due to its significant increase in the last decade, as well as the factors affecting environmental pollution and the relationship between these two variables on economic growth are also factors that are important in today's world. To this end, this study examines the relationships between the three mentioned variables for selected Islamic countries.

In order to examine the relationships between these variables were done via the econometric method, generalized moment model for panel data of 11 selected Islamic countries including I.R of Iran, Kuwait, Turkey, Malaysia, Jordan, Oman, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, UAE and Saudi Arabia, for the period from 2000 to 2014.

The results of the pattern estimation showed that there is a two-way relationship between GDP and carbon dioxide emissions and GDP and health expenditures. The bilateral relationship between health spending and GDP was also confirmed. On the other hand, the relationship between health expenditure and carbon dioxide emissions was confirmed.

Considering the two-way relationship between health expenditures and economic growth, it can be concluded that increasing government spending can improve health and thus increase labor productivity and increase economic growth. Carbon dioxide emissions have increased health spending and have reduced economic growth, and politicians need to pay more attention to environmental pollution to prevent excessive health spending and reduced economic growth.

Adopting new measures taken by policy makers promoting physical activities and exercise in different societies prompted us to assess the effect of behavioral interventions and economics on participation in physical activities.

The present study was correlational. The required information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. Its content validity was confirmed by 9 experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient in the active individuals’ section of 0.78 and in the inactive individuals’ section of 0.74. The statistical population of the present study included all individuals who were not physically or medically restricted from participating in physical activities; 1659 people answered the questionnaires and finally 1401 questionnaires were the basis of statistical analysis. STATA16 software was used for statistical analysis of variables and estimation of research model parameters.

The results in the inactive section showed that physicians alone as well as physicians prescribing sports, expensive costs and increased working time had a positive and significant effect on the decision to participate in physical activities. In active people, doctor's advice along with increasing sports costs and reducing income had a significant negative effect on the decision to participate in physical activities.

In general, those advocating sports and physical activities for development are advised to pay attention and take into account individual differences in incomes when formulating executive plans.

The world of creation and everything in it,has two ontological areas: the "heavenly area" and the "worldly area". The heaven of being is its heart and meaning, and the world of Being is its appearance and matter. Man has these two areas too. Man's attainment of the heaven and heart of Being and beings, causes his spiritual health. The present article seeks to explain the concepts and definitions, background, importance and necessity, and the foundations of spiritual health and related issues.

This study was performed using religious books and articles.

Man's attainment of the heavenly mode and heart of Being is possible through his transcendence of the "appearances of the universe" and the access to "intuition of its hearts"; the access to "intuition of the hearts" of universe obtains through "divine remembrance", that is, not forgetting the Almighty and constantly remembering him and constantly paying attention to his beautiful names and manifestations, and conscious belief and certainty in the "invisible universe" and the "universe of invisibility" and performing good acts. In other words: "epistemic intuition" and "practical behavior" in an interactive and reflective process, cause the transcendence and ascension or decline and fall of each other.

Although spirituality is one of the five dimensions of the epistemic geometry of religion (beliefs, precepts, ethics, religious science, and spirituality); But the realization of this dimension of the teachings of religion is the ultimate goal and final aim of religion. Hence, spiritual health is based specially on certain "religious", "anthropological", "ontological", and "epistemological" foundations and presuppositions.

Traditional medicine should be integrated in the health system by the unique stewardship. Abuse of traditional medicine and misdiagnosis and wrong treatment of diseases seriously threaten the health of society. Although this issue has been reported to senior policy makers in the correspondence of the Academy of Medical Sciences but preventing the spread of this danger requires serious determination. In the first section of  the report a selection of related legal and upstream documents are mentioned and then  plans to form a new Islamic-Iranian medicine organization or parallel health system are criticized separately.

Recent policies of the Corona National Headquarters regarding preparation of conditions for face-to-face education in schools and universities prompted the Covid-19 Workforce of the Academy of Medical Sciences to propose  recommendations for schools and universities in compliance with the requirements of this matter which are addressed herein.

General health policies can provide a suitable platform to implement a resistance economy; in this context, this study sought to find the changes needed in health policies to build and implement a resilient economy.

Challenges were identified, and evaluated in different economic schools and compared with the country's health policies.

Effective Health Policy and provision of a resilient economy requires attention to the welfare states theory and experience of Northern European countries with Social health issues and issues relevant to the prioritization of health over treatment. In recent years, attention to the provision of approaches like public choice has led to significant growth of domestic health expenditures; despite projects such as the Health Transformation Plan, out-of-pocket payments, and absolute payment of health expenses by households, etc., the burden in our country is worse than many other countries, and the pressure of health expenses on the Iranian households is more than current international standards.

Recommendations regarding reform of the country's current health policy in line with the objectives of the General Health Policies are proposed seeking a stable resilient economy.

Smoking is a major public health challenge. In addition, it cause economic damage due to lost productivity and increased health care costs. In this article, challenges and suggestions for controlling this health and social problem are presented.

National and international referrences were used to prepare this article.

The World Health Organization led the development of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the first global health treaty to strengthen efforts in order to reduce using tobacco among signatory members. The organization introduced the MPOWER package, which contain six evidence-based control measures to help countries implement tobacco control policies,. Worldwide, reducing smoking can be achieved by doubling the adjusted inflation prices or tripling the indirect tobacco tax. Other interventions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the MPOWER six-point initiative can also help reduce tobacco consumption. The world has changed dramatically since the last reported of WHO on the global tobacco epidemic in 2019.

Several items can help tobacco controling program such as increase tobacco tax, supply and access to smoking cessation treatments, increase health warnings in tobacco packaging, increase the accuracy of tobacco epidemiological data and reduce exposure to second-hand smoke.

One of the most honorable achievements of the Islamic Republic of Iran is integration of medical science education and research in the field of health care. It led to the quantitative and qualitative improvement of manpower and the establishment of medical sciences universities and health services in all provinces of the country. The most important strategy for achieving health equity and access to health care services by all was integration and extension to all three levels of the country's health care network and efforts to fulfill other relevant provisions advocated by the Supreme Leader's general health policies for the future.. This statement has been formulated in view of the importance of this strategic and fair policy and its unparalleled achievements that seek to strengthen and emphasize the general adherence of health care policies.