International Biological and Biomedical Journal
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Winter 2020

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a clinical syndrome that has wide range of infections and inflammatory diseases of the upper female genital tract. Microbiological researches revealed that multiple bacteria have been identified as causative agents and several types of antibiotics are required to cover causative pathogens. The choice of an appropriate treatment mostly depended on antimicrobial sensitivity tests.

The present study aims to examine the compatibility between the prescribed antibiotics given to patients with pelvic inflammatory diseases based on the clinical features with microbial sensitivity tests.

The present study included 70 patients who attend Amedy hospital in Duhok province and screened for pelvic inflammatory diseases based on the clinical features. Due to the lack of antimicrobial sensitivity culture tests, the patients are treated according to standard treatment. The clinician records the clinical features of each patient with their prescribed drugs and antibiotics and takes an endocervical swab of each patient. These swabs are undergone microbial sensitivity tests for drug resistance.

The results revealed that about (62.86%) of patients were positive for the infection pathogens; there were three microorganisms isolated with Staphylococcus aureus as the most commonly isolated organism in (29.55%) of cases followed by Candida specious (25%), and streptococcus pyogenes (15.1%) with one cases of Escherichia coli (2.27%). seven antibiotic and antifungal drugs were the most prescribed antibiotics to patients with Pelvic inflammatory diseases.

The results of our study concluded that treating Pelvic inflammatory diseases according to standard treatment and based on clinical symptoms only is limited to coverage these diseases. Additional clinical and microbial sensitivity test are required before prescribed antibiotics or antifungal to patients with Pelvic inflammatory diseases.

Glioblastoma primary brain tumor.Immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic adjuvant in fighting against this cancer.  Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are a group of tumor-associated antigens that are typically restricted to adult testis, but they are aberrantly expressed in several types of cancers, especially in advanced cancers with stem-like characteristics. These tumor-associated antigens are immunogenic in different cancers. Finding of frequently expressed CTAs in GBM can provide effective immunotherapeutic targets to use in translational researches on this cancer. The aim of this study was conduct an extensive expression analysis of ADAM29, HORMAD1, FTHL17 in GBM to determine whether these antigens can be appropriate target in immunotherapy of GBM.

fifty pathologically confirmed GBM paraffin embedded tissue sample were conducted into this experiment. Total RNA was extracted from these samples and TaqMan based RealTime PCR technology was used to evaluation of HORMAD, ADAM29 and FTHL17 gene expression.

according to our results HORMAD1 is the most frequent expressed gene in these tissue samples. Forty-four percent of samples (22 out of 50 samples) expressed HORMAD1 in various levels. Either FTHL17 and ADAM29 were expressed in only one of samples .On the other hand, according to statistical studies of patients' demographic findings and the expression of genes, HORMAD1 has had a much higher level of expression in glioblastoma samples than other genes, which, based on these results, we can consider this gene as a therapeutic target in immunotherapy

CT46/HORMAD1 is a single-copy gene on chromosome 1q21.3, A review of carcinoma showed that 31% of carcinomas express this antigen in high numbers. In 2006, the gene had a high expression in gastric cance. so far no precise and thorough study has been done on the existence (expression) of these gene in glioblastma samples,
 
HORMAD1 can be a promising target in immunotherapy research targeting GBM.
multiform (GBM, World Health Organization grade IV) is the most common and aggressive

Many mechanisms are involved in pain transmission in the spinal cord. Therefore, combination of drugs acting on different kinds of mechanisms might be useful for analgesia. We investigated the interaction betweenγ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）B receptor agonist, baclofen, and N-methyl-D-aspartate （NMDA） receptor antagonist, AP-5, orα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid （AMPA） receptor antagonist, YM-872, on analgesic effects in acute thermal and formalin induced pain models of rats.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with lumbar intrathecal catheters were given intrathecal baclofen, AP-5, YM872 or combination of baclofen and AP-5 or YM872, then tail flick test or formalin test was performed. Fifty % effective doses of combinations were obtained and isobolographic analysis was done.

The combination of baclofen and AP-5 or YM872 showed dose dependent increases in tail flick latency and decreases in flinching response in the formalin test. In the tail flick test, ED50s of the combination of baclofen + AP-5 or YM872 were close to the additive points. In both phases of the formalin test, ED50s of the combination of baclofen + AP-5 or YM872 were significantly lower than additive points.

For acute thermal pain, both AP-5 and YM872 had similar additive analgesic effects with baclofen. For chemical induced acute pain, both AP-5 and YM872 had similar synergistic analgesic effects with baclofen, but for facilitated pain, YM872 had stronger synergistic analgesic effects with baclofen than AP-5.