فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناختی
سال هفدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 64، پاییز 1400)

The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness Therapy and Cognitive-behavioral therapy on experiential avoidance in women with insomnia. This was a quasi-experimental study pre-test, post-test, with the control and 3-months follow-up. The statistical population study included women with insomnia who referred to the counseling center of the University of Applied Sciences, Arts and Culture by recall in 2020. A sample of 63 participants were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into three group (21 people in each group). Both two experiments were under treatment individually within 8 sessions of 45-60 minutes. Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) were administered before treatment, the end of treatment sessions and after 3 months. Data were analyzed using Analysis of variance with repeated measure analysis. The results showed that both Mindfulness Therapy and Cognitive-behavioral therapy had impact on reducing experiential avoidance of women with Insomnia disorder, and both were equally effective at follow up, however the first was more effective as well as had the aspect of preventing recurrence. Therefore, these two therapies can be used either way to decrease experiential avoidance.

The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) and the symptoms of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In this quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group, from patients with OCD referred to psychiatric and psychological clinics in Kerman in 2019-2020, 40 patients were selected by available and according to purposive sampling and were randomly assigned in to experimental and control groups. After the diagnosing OCD in patients using research user,s guide for the structured clinical interview and recording QEEG data from 19 locations of their brains, in the experimental group, based on QEEG, for each patient was assigned a treatment protocol and this group underwent tDCS treatment (25 sessions, 60-minutes). Participants were evaluated twice (pre-test and post-test) by The Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and QEEG recording and data were analyzed by covariance analysis (ANCOVA) and Paired-Samples t Test. The results showed that tDCS is effective in improving the symptoms of OCD patients and modifying the brain wave pattern of patients. Therefore, this method may be used as an effective and uncomplicated therapeutic strategy.

Narcissism is a complex trait that reflects exceptional self-centeredness and social selfishness and is associated with negative social consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of narcissism with respect to the predictive role of childhood trauma and cognitive distortion. The research design was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included students of Urmia universities in the first semester of the academic year 2020-2021 that 285 students were selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method and in order to collect information on self-obsessed and child personality assessment tools Noorbakhsh harassment and cognitive distortions complemented Abdullahzadeh and Salar. The results of correlation coefficients showed that narcissism has a positive and significant relationship with childhood trauma and cognitive distortion. Also, the results of using multiple regression analysis showed that narcissism is significantly explained by childhood trauma and cognitive distortion and cognitive distortion has the highest predictive power for narcissism. The findings of this study suggest that childhood trauma and cognitive distortion can play an important role in the etiology of narcissism.

The aim of the current research was to study of validity and reliability of shifting component tasks of executive functions. This research was descriptive-analytical by survey method. The statistical population of the study included normal people from 16 to 60 years old and people with various clinical disorders from the city of Kerman. Among them, using the non-random quota sampling method in the pilot phase, 100 individuals were preliminarily, 406 normal people and 74 people with schizophrenia, major depression, brain injury and Alzheimer's Were examined as a sample size. Participants performed Shifting component tasks including three subscales of Color-Shape, Category Switch and Number-Letter. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, different types of validity and reliability and MANOVA. The results showed that the shifting component tasks have acceptable validity and reliability and there is a significant difference between the scores of normal people and the scores of people with clinical disorders. Therefore, this tasks can well assess the ability to Shifting and differentiate between the performance of normal people and people with clinical disorders and be used in diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and talent identification.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-focused therapy on body image dissatisfaction in people with eating disorder symptoms. The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included patients with eating disorders in Chamran Hospital. A total of 36 patients were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (12 individuals in each group) and completed the Body Image Concern Questionnaire by Littleton et al. The first group received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and the second group received emotion-based treatment and the control group did not receive treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that the level of dissatisfaction with body image in both experimental groups significantly decreased compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that both mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-focused therapy can reduce body image dissatisfaction, and therapists can use both approaches for people with eating disorder symptoms.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on improving academic self-regulation and psychological flexibility in students with specific learning disorder. This research was an experimental study with the pre and post-test with a control group design. The statistical population of the present study was all male students with specific learning disorder in two learning disability centers in Tehran. Among them, 40 students were selected as the sample of the study by available sampling method and randomly classified into two groups. The experimental group received eight 90-minute session of ACT program. The control group was placed on a waiting list. For data collection we used academic self-regulation and psychological flexibility scale. The results of maltivariate analysis of covariance showed the ACT improved on academic self-regulation and psychological flexibility students with specific learning disorder. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that the acceptance and commitment therapy by creating acceptance and openness to negative experiences and emotions and cognitive defusion can improve academic self-regulation and psychological flexibility of this students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of impulsivity, executive functions and dispositional mindfulness in the occurrence of risky-taking behaviours in young people. This study was a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population of the study included students of Tehran Universities in 2020-2021. By using available sampling method through online calling, 380 students participated in the study. They responeded to the Iranian Adolescents Risk Scale, the Barrat Impulsivity, the Cognitive Ability Questionnaire and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using correlation tests and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between impulsivity and executive functions (except social cognition) and risky-taking behaviours.there was also a negative and significant relationship between risky-taking behaviours with dispositional mindfulness and factors of describing and action with awareness. Regression results showed that executive functions significantly predicted the tendency to risky-taking behaviours in young people. The obtained results can be used to determine educational and treatment priorities in order to help prevent and control such risky-taking behaviours in young people.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of perceived social support and coping styles in predicting aggression and vulnerability to corona stress in adolescents. The present study was a descriptive and correlational study and the statistical population also included all high school students in Tehran who were studying in the first semester of the academic year 1399-1400. The sample size was 352 people by voluntary sampling method. Corona coping style questionnaire, social support, aggression, and perceived stress scale were used. The results of data analysis by structural equation method showed that the relationship between the dimensions of social support with aggression and perceived stress was negative and significant. As a result, adaptive coping styles and seeking social support were associated with a reduction in negative behaviors, while maladaptive coping styles and not receiving social support lead to maladaptive strategies such as aggression. In other words, people involved in stressful situations, involved in negative moods and emotions, this in itself causes aggression. And if people use maladaptive and avoidant coping styles, the level of aggression increases. It was suggested that adolescent adaptive coping styles and social support be taught to families to reduce adolescent aggression and stress.

Given the importance of selecting the right people for teleworking, this study aimed to investigate the role of introversion in psychological consequences according to demographic variables in teleworking during the corona period. The research method was correlational and the research sample was selected from 197 telework employees of a company by convenience sampling. Then they responded to research tools including the Beck Depression Inventory, Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ), Metacognition Questionnaire, Loneliness Scale, and Fear of evaluation Questionnaire. Correlation and regression analyzes were used to analyze the data. The results showed that demographic variables of age, life situation and recent unemployment predict psychological consequences. After including introversion in the model, living with others (as opposed to living alone) was associated with more severe loneliness, cognitive failures, and fear of evaluation as a result of changes in the conditions by the Coronavirus. The coefficient β is negative about loneliness. That means in this situation the introvert shows a greater tendency to be with others to reduce loneliness. This finding contradicts the background. Organizations are advised to pay attention to their personality when choosing employees to work remotely to reduce negative psychological consequences.