مجله دانش تفسیر سیاسی
پیاپی 9 (پاییز 1400)

The Trump administration, which came to power with the first slogan of the United States and special attention to the economy, pursued its security policies in the Middle East in the direction of economic nationalism. To be. The question of the present article, which has been collected in a descriptive-analytical manner and with library documents, is what were the security policies and actions of the Trump administration in the Middle East in line with American economic nationalism? To this end, in the theoretical framework of mercantilism to explain and analyze this issue and the hypothesis is that the Trump administration in maintaining global hegemony and American order and establish economic development and security by moving away from globalism to nationalism and economic protectionism. By combining security and economic components, it can build free alliances and alliances, bring peace through coercion, create crises and tensions, impose a peace plan, and support the Saudi government to strengthen the war on American trade, open up the American software war market, and strengthen ties with Consider Saudi Arabia in the Middle East. The move is a step towards increasing wealth in order to restore US economic hegemony globally and the growth and development of domestic industry.

The concept of economic development was introduced after the Second World War and the countries of the world paid special attention to this issue. Meanwhile, the emergence of emerging powers is one of the important features of the perspective of the contemporary international system. Brazil is one of the emerging economic powers that has gone through many ups and downs in its development after World War II. Brazil's economy is historically the largest in Latin America and the Southern Hemisphere, the second largest in the Americas after the United States, the twelfth largest in terms of nominal GDP, and the eighth largest in terms of purchasing power parity by 2020. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the trend of economic development in Brazil. The main question is what trends and challenges have been associated with the development of the Brazilian economy? For this purpose by explanatory methodand library documents will show how the economic development of Brazil after World War II.

Afghanistan is one of Iran's eastern neighbors that has experienced a long and difficult period of unrest in recent decades. In 2021, Afghanistan's provinces fell one after another under pressure from Taliban fighters until Kabul fell in mid-August. In fact, with the withdrawal of the United States from Afghanistan and the creation of new conditions in Afghanistan, the question that comes to mind is what are the factors influencing Iran's political-defense approach to the Afghan Taliban, given Afghanistan's neighborhood with Iran? The research hypothesis is based on the fact that components such as national interests and security (in the domestic sphere), the realities of the international system (in the international sphere the change in the Taliban method (in the foreign sphere) in Iran's approach to the Taliban Has been effective.

Providing and realizing sustainable public security today requires observing the complexities and considering information calculations, relationships and depth of relationships in the social arena. Intertwined networks in the social sphere generate many capacities and capabilities that must be considered and emphasized by those in charge and those involved in the country's security system and in appropriate ways for the desired goals, control and management. To be. Now, assuming that public security comes from a positive and desirable society with social capital, the security approach to social capital (including mutual trust, public awareness and public participation, etc.) for « "Establishing and maintaining public order", "reducing crime" and "rule of law and regulations" in the Islamic system. In this regard, "social capital" as one of the important and key concepts, due to the use of software approach is one of the main axes of studies and strategies to ensure soft security in the macro, sectoral and micro areas. Therefore, this article tries to examine the role of social capital in providing and achieving public security.

From 2001, with the establishment of the Justice and Development Party, the groundwork was laid for fundamental reform. Turkey's main macroeconomic strategy for achieving high economic growth has been to achieve considerable success by gaining popular support, transparency in policy-making and implementation, economic and political stability, and strong government support for the private sector. In addition to privatization, it has also paid special attention to attracting foreign capital through economic policy-making. However, several crises appear to have contributed to the ineffectiveness of the reforms or Turkey's achievement of the union aspirations. The following article seeks to answer the question of what crises it has faced for its economic prosperity despite the reforms in the Turkish economy. The research findings indicate the existence of three internal crises (corruption and dictatorship, government-military relationship, unjustified economic investment), regional (such as the Syrian crisis) and international (EU and US pressures) on the Turkish economy and its accession to the EU.