مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 177، امرداد و شهریور 1400)

Lumbar disc herniation is the most common specific cause of chronic low back pain and exercise therapy is one of the goals of its management. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core stability exercises on activation of abdominal muscles and flexibility of lumbar in men with disc herniation.

The subjects of this clinical trial study were 20 young and middle-aged men with lumbar disc herniation referred to physiotherapy in rasht in first half of year 1399 who were randomly divided into two groups of core stability exercises (n=10) and control (n=10). The electrical activity of the internal oblique, external oblique, and rectus abdominis muscles was measured by electromyography and abdominal muscle strength by straight leg raising test and flexibility by sit and reach test. Training protocol of intervention group included 8 weeks of core stability exercise, while the control group was only followed up. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t test an analysis of covariance test with SPSS software.

Activation of 3 muscles and strength and flexibility after 8 week of exercise had a significant improvement(p<0/05)but changes were not significant in control group. However, analysis of covariance showed a difference between two groups in activation of all three muscles and flexibility(p<0/05)But no significant difference was observed in muscle strength.

Our findings showed, people with disc herniation experience greater activation, strength, and flexibility in trunk muscles after core stability exercise thus can be considered in rehabilitation.

Imbalance of the homeostasis system can lead to blood clot formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two resistance training methods with and without blood flow restriction on coagulation parameters and blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.

41 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into three groups of resistance training with and without blood flow restriction and the control group. The subjects of the resistance training group with and without flow restriction performed the training for 8 weeks with intensities of 20, 40, 60, 80% of one maximum repetition and 20 and 30% of one maximum repetition, respectively. During this period, the subjects in the control group led a normal life and did not have a regular exercise program.
Coagulation parameters, hematocrit and blood glucose levels were measured before and 48 hours after the last training session. Analysis of variance with intergroup factor and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to evaluate the effect of intervention on quantitative factors. SPSS22 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Significance level was considered for all statistical analyzes P <0.05.

Prothrombin Time index in both groups of resistance training increased significantly compared to the control group (P ‹0.05); But no significant difference was observed in Partial thromboplastin time and hematocrit index (P ›0.05). Fibrinogen factor also decreased in training groups (P ‹0.05). Blood glucose decreased in the resistance training group without restriction of blood flow compared to the control group (P ‹0.05).

Eight weeks of resistance training can prevent thrombosis and sudden onset of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes by reducing fibrinogen levels and increasing the Prothrombin Time index. This type of exercise also plays an insulin-like role by lowering blood sugar levels.

Researchers compare different treatment approaches to determine their effectiveness; Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of indigenous schema therapy with Yang schema therapy on emotional regulation and desire for divorce in conflicted couples in Isfahan.

The research method is quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the study was all couples with conflict problems who referred to counseling and psychology centers in Isfahan. From this population, 48 people were randomly selected and randomly divided into three groups (native schema therapy, Yang schema therapy and control group.) Were assigned. Research tools included Divorce Questionnaire (Roosevelt, Johnson & Moro, 1986) and Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Graz, 2004). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test.

The results showed that the native schema therapy package was effective in reducing the desire for divorce and improving emotional regulation (P <0.01) and Yang schema therapy was effective only in emotional regulation (P <0.01). The results also showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of the native schema therapy package and Young's schema therapy on reducing the desire for divorce at the level of P <0.01, but there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two methods on improving emotional regulation (P <0.01).

It seems that the native package of schema therapy is effective on both variables of desire for divorce and improving emotion regulation.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the most common psychological disorders that has a great impact on the performance and quality of life of patients. The study was conducted to predict adjustment based on tolerance for ambiguity and perfectionism among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The research method was correlation with forecasting approach and regression design. From the statistical population of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder referring to counseling centers in District 4 of Tehran, 150 people were selected as a sample using a multi-stage random method. Research tools included adaptability (Spanier, 1976), ambiguity intolerance (Freiston et al., 1994), perfectionism (Terry Short & et al., 1995). The research data were analyzed using SPSS and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression.

The results of correlation coefficient showed that marital adjustment with ambiguity tolerance (r = -0.35, p = 0.001) and perfectionism (r = 0.35, p = 0.001) had significant correlation. have. The results of regression also showed that perfectionism with beta coefficient of 0.31 can predict the marital adjustment of obsessive patients more than the intolerance of ambiguity with beta multiplication of 0.22 and also 17% variance related to marital adjustment, based on tolerance. Ambiguity and perfectionism are explained.

adjustment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder can be predicted using intolerance and ambiguity. Therefore, by improving the intolerance of ambiguity and perfectionism of obsessive-compulsive patients, their compatibility can be strengthened.

Aerobic and resistance training have different effects on the characteristics of the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to the role of exercise order in increasing the beneficial effects of combined (aerobic and resistant) training on arterial stiffness in prehypertensive young men.

Twenty male participants with pre-hypertensive levels in the age range of 30-45 years were available in 3 groups: control (Cl; n = 5), aerobic-resistance combination (ART; n = 7) and resistance-aerobic combination ( RAT = 8) performed 8 weeks of combined training protocol. The aerobic part of the training consisted of 20 minutes of activity on a treadmill or bicycle with an intensity of 89-60% of the reserve heart rate (HRR) and the resistance part consisted of working with weights with 84-70% of a maximum repetition (1RM). Arterial stiffness was measured using pulse wave-pulse index (PWV). Statistical comparisons were performed using paired t-test and analysis of covariance.

Intragroup results showed that exercise in both experimental groups caused a significant reduction in arterial stiffness, but in comparison between the groups, only the RT sequence was significantly different from the control groups (P = 0.008) and AR (P = 0.137). ) And the differences between the two groups CL and AR (P = 0.330) were non-significant (P <0.01) and Yang schema therapy was effective only in emotional regulation (P <0.01). The results also showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of the native schema therapy package and Young's schema therapy on reducing the desire for divorce at the level of P <0.01, but there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two methods on improving emotional regulation (P <0.01).

It is suggested that combined exercise with resistance-aerobic sequence be performed so that individuals can enjoy the benefits of reducing the risks of cardiovascular disease.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of combined exercise on P3NP, CAF and some sarcomopia factors in CABG patients.

24 CABG middle-aged men participated in this study. Then the participants were randomly divided into two groups of 12-person combination exercise (mean age 54.58 ±6.47 years) and control group (mean age 50.70 ±7.70 years). Anthropometric indices and serum P3NP, CAF and IGF-1 blood parameters were prepared and analyzed before and after training. The eight-week combined exercise program was conducted in three sessions with the supervision of cardiac rehabilitation specialists. Repeated measures statistical test was used for data analysis.

Combined exercise was associated with a significant decrease in serum P3NP levels (p=0.001), but these changes were not significant compared to the control group (p=0.334). But these changes were not significant compared to the control group (p=0.334). There was also a significant increase in serum CAF levels in the post-test compared to the pre-test (p=0.02) and the differences between the control group and the training group were significant (p=0.038). On the other hand, a significant increase in serum IGF-1 levels was observed in the post-test compared to the pre-test (p=0.001), but the serum levels of IGF-1 were not significant in the control group (p=0.280).

A short-term combination training in CABG patients increased IGF-1 and CAF, but no change in P3NF levels. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of combined exercise on CAGB patients on these indices.

Obesity and vitamin D deficiency are both have become major public health challenges worldwide which are associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin D status with metabolic and inflammatory markers in adults with obesity.

In this case-control study, 90 obese subjects with vitamin D deficiency were selected as the case group and 90 obese subjects with adequate vitamin D status were selected as the control group. Demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data were collected for each participant. Then, the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting serum concentrations of glucose (FBS), insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) and triglyceride (TG) as metabolic factors and serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as inflammatory marker were measured in the participants.  

The obese subjects with vitamin D deficiency had higher serum concentrations of TC (p=0.001), LDL-C (p=0.003), hs-CRP (p=0.004), parathyroid hormone (p=0.001), and HOMA-IR (p=0.020) compared to the counterparts in the vitamin D sufficiency group. Likewise, vitamin D deficient subjects were at higher risk for having hypercholesrolemia (OR: 2.7, p=0.012), high LDL-c (OR: 2.34, p=0.017), and high hs-CRP (OR: 1.97, p=0.032) than vitamin D sufficient subjects, after controlling for confounders.

vitamin D deficiency in obese subjects was found to be strongly related to higher risk of metabolic and inflammatory disorders.

The purpose of this study was Comparison Comparison the Effect of Two types of High-Intensity Interval Training on the Expression Genes of IRS-1 and IRE-1α in the Cardiomyocytes type 2 diabetes of Obes Male Rats. 

36 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: type1 high-intensity interval training (HIIT1:1), type2 high-intensity interval training (HIIT2:1), diabetic control (DC), and nondiabetic control (NC). Plasma glucose concentration was measured by the glucose oxidase method. ELISA method was used to measure the insulin levels and the HOMA-IR method was used to measure insulin resistance index. A real-time PCR technique was used to evaluate the gene expression of the IRS-1 and IRE-1α genes. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests at the alpha level of 0/05.

gene expression of IRS-1 in both groups of HIIT2:1(p= 0.002) and HIIT1:1(p= 0.006) showed a significant decrease compared to the DC group and in HIIT2:1(P=0/043) showed a significant decrease compared to the HIIT1:1 group. a gene of IRE-1α in both groups of HIIT2:1(p= 0.005) and HIIT1:1(p= 0.007) showed a significant decrease compared to the DC group and in HIIT2:1(P=0/001) showed a significant decrease compared to the HIIT1:1 group. The mean weight values and insulin resistance index in the HIIT1:1 group and glucose were significantly lower in the HIIT2: 1 group.

High-intensity interval training type 2 with a higher effect on decreasing IRS-1 and IRE-1α genes expression in cardiomyocytes of obese diabetic rats may it can improve gene dysregulation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural model of the relationship between psychological capital and perceived social support with anxiety through the mediation of burnout in female nurses.Method This research is based on the purpose of the applied type and in terms of data collection method, it is a descriptive research of correlation and structural equation modeling and the statistical population of this study includes all female nurses working in public and private hospitals in Rasht in 1398. 700 people. According to Morgan's table, the background of researches related to the research subject, the criterion for entering and leaving the research and using the sampling method available from Poursina, Razi, public hospitals, according to Morgan table. Rasool Akram (PBUH), Amir al-Momenin, Velayat and Al-Zahra (PBUH) as well as private hospitals in Pars, Gil, Arya, Famili, and Ghaem (AS) were selected as a sample and to the Lutans (2007) Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Support Questionnaire Multidimensionally Perceived Social Responses Zimet et al. (1998), the Maslash & Leiter (2015) Occupational Burnout Questionnaire, and the Zank Anxiety Anxiety Scale (1971). To answer the research hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood using Spss22 and AMOS22 software were used.

Findings showed that the direct effect of burnout on this variable (0.27) is positive and significant at the level of 0.001. The direct effect of psychological capital (-0.19) and social support (-0.43) on job burnout is negative and significant at the level of 0.001. Psychological capital and social support also account for a total of 25% of changes in burnout.

In the present study, psychological capital and social support are inversely related to job burnout

Clinical trial studies have a special value among a variety of studies. The results of these studies have important applications on human populations, including the study of the effects of drugs and therapies. Given the importance of such studies, it seems necessary to review the quality and evaluation of articles related to this field of research. The issue of critical appraisal has a very important place in biomedical studies; And help researchers evaluate the quality of articles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical trial articles Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during 1388-1398.

The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study .In this study, the study population was 173 clinical trial articles that were selected from 741 articles published in the Journal of the Faculty of Medicine of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during 1388 to the end of 1398. These articles were reviewed using consort checklists in 25 general items by two statistical experts with an agreement of more than 0.91%. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23.

In evaluating the articles in this journal, a growing trend was observed in the number of clinical trial articles published in the review. According to the evaluations based on the Consort Checklist, the lowest score assigned to articles was 6 points, which was related to an article in 1394, and the highest was an article in 1397, which received a score of 27 out of 37. The average score of all articles was 13.53 with a standard deviation of 2.82. The statistical methods used and the mention of the term "clinical trial" in the title were the items that received the most and the least amount of attention in the research, respectively.

In general, the attention of the studied clinical trial articles to the observance of the points of the consort statement has been less than acceptable, which eliminates the shortcomings and observes more of the consort items to increase the quality of the articles in Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

Controlling the perception of rejection in women with borderline personality disorder can be effective in the process of treatment and improvement, in this regard, several treatment methods have been developed and it is necessary to know the function and effect of each of them is very important. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-based therapy and schema therapy on the perception of rejection of women with borderline personality disorder.

The present study was a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. From the statistical population of women with borderline personality disorder referred to medical centers in district one of Tehran, 45 people were selected using available sampling method as a research sample and were randomly divided into three groups. The method was that all three groups first answered the Exclusion Perception Scale questionnaire (Larry and McDonald, 2005). Emotion-based therapy and schema-based therapy interventions were applied in 10 sessions for the experimental groups. Research data were collected and analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The study showed that in general, both emotion therapy and design therapy methods were more effective on the perception of rejection of women with borderline personality disorder. It has been more effective on the perception of rejection of women with borderline personality disorder (p <0.005).

Emotional therapy can be used to improve the perception of rejection schemas of women with borderline personality disorder.

Today, maintaining patient safety while receiving medical services is a basic necessity, and failure to disinfect vital instruments leads to the spread of nosocomial infections. Therefore, sterilizing tools and equipment with high-level disinfectant solutions is an essential step in controlling the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of high-level disinfectant chemical solutions based on orthophthaldehyde.

To evaluate the sporocidal activity of disinfectant, the dilution-neutralization test method was performed according to the protocol 11796 of the Iranian national Standards organization. In this method, after preparing different dilutions of bacterial spores, the suspension containing Bacillus subtilis spores was exposed to disinfectant at different times. The effect of disinfectant was neutralized after 5, 15 and 30 minutes and a constant volume of different dilutions of suspension was cultured in Muller-Hinton agar medium and finally bacterial colonies were counted.

OPIDEX disinfectant solution reduced the number of microorganisms by 3 logs after 5 minutes of exposure to suspensions containing 104, 105 and 106 spores. After 15 and 30 minutes, the rate of reduction of microorganisms was 4 log and 5 log, respectively in suspensions containing 105 and 106 spores.

OPIDEX disinfectant solution could reduce the number of spores in the suspension by 6 log in a time-dependent process, Therefore, this disinfectant solution with high sporicidal power can be used to disinfect medical equipment in the hospital.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of narcissistic personality construction in the relationship between the quality of parent-child relationships and feelings of loneliness in individuals with borderline personality orientation.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of this study included all patients with borderline personality orientation referring to counseling centers and psychological services in Qom in a period of 9 months from July 2016 to March 2016. 556 people were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection tools were Usher et al.'s (1984) Loneliness Questionnaire, Child Attitudes Towards Hudson and Rapi Parents (2001), Margolis & Thomas (1980) Narcissism Scale, and Kronberg & Clarkin (1995) Personality Organization Questionnaire.

Data analysis using correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between narcissistic personality construction and loneliness (P <0.01) and there is a positive and significant relationship between parent-child relationship quality and loneliness. Has (P <0.01). Structural equation modeling also showed that narcissism positively and significantly mediates the relationship between the quality of parent-child relationships and feelings of loneliness.

It is suggested that healthy parenting education be done in order to prevent the development of unhealthy personality patterns in children and the possibility of developing personality disorders should be considered in examining feelings of loneliness and depression.

Comparing different therapeutic approaches in psychology can help therapists identify their time, cost, and effectiveness; Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Gestalt coaching training and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on controlling of Tehran Telecommunication Company employees.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population included all employees of Perso Electronic Telecommunication Company in Tehran in 1398, from which according to Cohen's table, 45 people were selected by relative random sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group. The research instruments included Taghizadeh Tendency to Control Others Questionnaire (1396). The experimental groups underwent Gestalt coaching training and acceptance and commitment treatment. Data were analyzed by repeated measures and ANOVA test.

There was a significant difference between the effectiveness of Gestalt coaching training with acceptance and commitment-based treatment on reducing control (P ≤ 0.001). The effectiveness of gestalt training in both post-test and follow-up was more effective than acceptance and commitment therapy (P ≤ 0.001).

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that Gestalt coaching training and treatment based on acceptance and commitment can be a good way to reduce staff control.

Current investigation started with the aim of compilation of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) structural model based on Early Maladaptive Schemas, Attachment styles, Mental Defenses Mechanisms, Emotional Self-Regulation and Anxiety.

In this study, 390 samples suffering from OCD, applied to consulting institutes in Tehran with purposive method based on 27 variable(parameter) in two groups of male and female had selected to investigate. The measuring tools includes: Maudsley OCD Questionnaire, Brief Questionnaire of Yang’s Schemas, Hazan and Shavior’s Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Andrews and others Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire, Hofmann and Kashdan’s Emotional Self-Regulation and Anxiety Spilberger’s Questionnaire, Analysis of data with the structural model with the help of Amos software has been completed.

The mean (SD) age of participants was 38. And in current study provided that assumption is linear and normalizing of multi-Parameters with the Amos software, analysis would take place. Result have shown that Early Maladaptive Schemas and Attachment Styles with mediated (interposition) of Defense Mechanisms, Emotion Self-Regulation, Anxiety had direct/indirect meaningful effects on OCD.

The results of structural model analysis with the use of experimental data have shown that three variables Defense Mechanisms, Emotional Self-Regulation and Anxiety regarding OCD and Early Maladaptive Schemas, Attachment Styles play a mediator role.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema-therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on rumination and autobiographical memory of patients with depression. This study was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of this study was the people who referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Nowshahr and Chalous in 2019

Using purposive sampling method, 45 people were selected as a sample and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data collection tools were Williams and Broadbent (2007) history retrieval retrieval test and Nolen-Hoxma and Moore (2002) ruminant response scale, which were performed by experimental and control groups before the intervention. Schema therapy intervention and acceptance and commitment treatment were applied for the experimental groups and the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the interventions, post-test was performed from experimental and control groups.

Analysis of data using analysis of covariance showed that there was no difference between the effectiveness of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on rumination in patients with depression (P <0.05), but schema therapy compared to acceptance-commitment therapy in memory History was more effective (P <0.05). Both interventions were effective on rumination and autobiographical memory of patients with depression in the follow-up phase.

As a result, it is possible to benefit from schema-based therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy for patients with depression.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reality therapy on self-control, difficulty in regulating emotion, resilience and psychological flexibility in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The research method is experimental. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up groups.

The statistical method of the present study is analysis of covariance with repeated measures and post hoc test. The statistical population of this study is all patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder referred to psychotherapy centers in Babol in the spring of 1400. Among the psychotherapy centers in Babol, four centers were considered and according to the clinical diagnosis with DSM5 criterion, 30 patients had obsessive-compulsive disorder. We purposefully selected 30 clients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and randomly assigned them to an experimental group and a control group, each group consisting of 15 people. Data collection tools were self-control questionnaire, emotion regulation difficulty questionnaire, resilience questionnaire and psychological resilience questionnaire, analyzed using SPSS-21 software and repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc test.

The results of the present study showed that the experimental group showed a better situation than the control group in self-control, resilience and other variables.

Findings showed that reality therapy has an effect on self-control, difficulty in regulating emotion, resilience and psychological flexibility in clients with practical obsession.

The emergence of chronic physiologic diseases such as cancer in the children causes acute psychological and emotional damages in the parents. So the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of training package of hope-based therapy through cognitive spiritual method on the psychological wellbeing and rumination of the parents of the children with cancer.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design and two-month follow-up stage. The statistical population included all the parents of the children with leukemia and lymphoma in the city of Isfahan in 2019 who referred to therapy centers and their children were under therapy. 30 parents with cancer were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 parents). The parents in the experimental group received 10 sessions of hope-based training package through cognitive spiritual method during two-and-a-half months. 3 people were excluded from the experimental group and so were 2 people from the control group after the beginning of the intervention. The questionnaire of psychological wellbeing (Ryff, 1996) and rumination questionnaire (Hoxema and Marrow, 1991) were used in the present study. The data from the study were analyzed repeated measurement ANOVA.

The results showed that training package of hope-based therapy has significant effect on the psychological wellbeing and rumination of the parents of the children the cancer (P<0.001) in a way that this package succeeded in the improvement of psychological wellbeing (54%) and the decrease of rumination (62%) in these parents.

Considering the results of the present study, hope-based training package through cognitive-spiritual method can be assumed as an efficient method to improve psychological wellbeing and decrease rumination of the parents with the children with cancer employing hope therapy, cognition therapy and spirituality therapy.

regarding the increasing population of Iran and improved health indexes the medico-legal cases are increasing. Today, knowledge and awareness about forensic medicine are of utmost importance for medical students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of emergency medicine students about different aspects of forensic medicine.

This cross-sectional study was carried out among 36 emergency medicine students in governmental hospitals of Mashhad, Iran. Demographic data including age, sex, years of residency and years of experience as a general physician were recorded. Participants’ knowledge was assessed using a 30-item questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS.16

Our results showed that the mean of correct answers were 38±11 percent. The topic with the highest knowledge among residents was Approach to alcohol and drug abuse (65±48) and the lowest knowledge was about neglectance and death certificate (28±22). We found a direct and significant correlation between the age and knowledge about the forensic medicine (p<0.05, r=0.54). However, no significant correlation was found between the experience and knowledge about the forensic medicine.

the results of this study suggest that emergency medicine residents’ knowledge about different topics of forensic medicine is relatively low. According to our research, it seems mandatory to educate forensic medicine to Emergency medicine residents.

Early maladaptive schemata can cause different psychological, social, communicative, emotional and marital damages in the people. Therefore, the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of imago therapy on the idealism and inefficient attitudes of the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata.

it was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design and a two-month follow-up stage. The statistical population of the study included the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata who referred to consultation centers in the city of Tehran in the autumn and winter of 2019-2012. 40 women were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20). The experimental group received the imago therapy in ten ninety-minute sessions during two and half months. 5 people from the experimental group were excluded from the study and so were 3 people from the control group. The applied questionnaires in this study included idealism, inefficient attitudes scale, marital conflict questionnaire and early maladaptive questionnaire. The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA using SPSS 23 software.

The results showed that imago therapy has significant effect on the idealism and inefficient attitudes of the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata (p<0.001). This effect was also stable during the follow-up period.

According to the findings of the study it can be concluded that imago therapy can be used as an efficient method to decrease idealism and inefficient attitude of the women with marital conflicts with early maladaptive schemata through focusing on Investigation of childhood wounds and injuries, control exchange and self-integration.

Postpartum depression is one of the disorders that can have irreparable effects on neonatal mental health and mother-child relationship. The aim of this study is to determine effectiveness of the object relations brief psychotherapy on personality organization and postpartum depression symptoms.

This clinical trial study was conducted on 30 women with postpartum depression (15 experimental group and 15 control group) during the period of 1396-97. The sample population was selected from available women visiting the health centers in Tehran and completed the Edinburg postpartum depression Questionnaire.and Structured Interview of Personality Organization in pre-test and post-test stages. The experimental group received 15 sessions of object relations brief psychotherapy, and the control group was not subjected to any intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and multivariate covariance analysis.

According to the results of the covariance analysis test, the postpartum depression score, and scores of different dimensions of personality organization, had a significant decrease in the experimental group compared to the control group, in the post-test stage. These results indicated that the brief object relations psychotherapy has been effective in reducing the symptoms of postpartum depression and has led to positive changes in the dimensions of personality organization.

According to the findings, it can be said that brief object relations psychotherapy can be a suitable treatment for decreasing the symptoms of depression in postpartum period and making positive changes in the dimensions of personality organization.

AIDS causes a lot of psychological and emotional damage to a person with AIDS. The present study was conducted to compile a psychological intervention package for the patients with AIDS and determine its efficacy on decreasing reactive psychological damages of the patients with AIDS.

The research method was mixed approach in sequential-exploratory type. In the first stage, 7 patients with AIDS were interviewed in order to compile the psychological intervention package in the qualitative part; then, the extracted concepts were given to 3 experienced experts to determine the degree of its validity. The intervention package was compiled in a framework including an integrative psychotherapy and four common factors (relation therapy, hoping and expecting therapy, raising awareness and regulating behavior). It had the quasi-experimental method in pretest, posttest and control group type in the quantitative part. The statistical population of the present study included the patients with AIDS in the city of Tehran in the autumn of 2019. 32 male and female patients with AIDS were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control group (n1=n2=16). The research instrument was the symptom checklist SCL90 which was administered in the pretest and posttest stages on the experimental and control groups. The compiled psychotherapy intervention was implemented during twelve weeks on the experimental group while the control group didn’t receive it. The data were analyzed via ANCOVA method by SPSS statistical software 23.

The findings showed that the therapeutic protocol has significant effect on decreasing reactive psychological damages such as aggression, obsessive compulsive disorder, sensitivity in interpersonal relationships and phobia signs.

Considering the results of the present study, it seems that the compiled therapeutic intervention can be profitable and effective in decreasing reactive psychological damages in the patients with AIDS.

Patient satisfaction is an important measure of health care services quality because it provides essential information about patients' expectations and how well they are being met. Failure to identify patients' expectations can lead to dissatisfaction with the provided care, reduced acceptance of treatment and inappropriate use of facilities and resources. The aim of this study was to investigate patients' attitudes about desirable physician characteristics

This cross-sectional study was performed in 2017 on 400 patients and accompanying patients referred to Ghaem, Imam Reza, and Dr.Sheikh Medical Center. After approval by the ethics committee, a questionnaire containing questions about demographic characteristics (age, gender, physical characteristics, etc.) and information about the physician's communication skills, as well as the physical condition of the clinic and how to access the physician was asked which its validity and reliability have been confirmed by a medical education expert. Finally, SPSS statistical software was used to evaluate the results.

Spending time visiting patients' (3.8  0.88) and their full examination (4 0.92) had the highest score. Being older (3.18 0.8), male gender (2.6 1), crowded office (2.8  0.87) and having a personal office (2.7 0.89) was in the second degree. Had a make-up appearance (2.2 0.86), Being frowning and serious (2.1 0.83), Having administrative and important positions (2.4 1.14), free visits of patients (2.5 0.85), internet appointments (2.4 0.99), offices in the upper quarters of the city (2.2 1.01), stylish and luxurious offices (2.3 0.86), prescription rare and expensive drugs (2.07   0.84) and night shift work (2.0 0.76) got  less than half of the score and being religious (1.7 0.86) or being rich (1.8 0.77) received the lowest scores.

What makes a doctor popular and considered desirable by patients is neither a religious appearance nor a stylish appearance, nor a luxurious office, nor important positions, but spending time to visit and examine the patient and the importance of his problems and efforts to treat them.

 In this research, which conducted in 2020, the aim was to explain the Self-Acceptance based on Body Image, Gender Role with mediating of Time Perspective among  Post-Menopausal Women aged 45-60 in Tehran. The sample group was consisted of 710 available Post-Menopausal women.

The research method was correlation with the structural equation model approach. The statistical population of the study was postmenopausal women aged 60-45 years old in Tehran in 2020. The sample group participated in this study by available sampling method of 355 women and with their unconditional acceptance questionnaires by Chamberlain and Haga (2001). , Multidimensional self-bodybuilder and Mikolka (1990), Bam gender role (1974) and the time perspective of Zimbardo and Boyd (1999) were evaluated. Spss and Lisrel software were used to analyze the data.

According to the results of the model, self-acceptance in postmenopausal women based on body image, gender role mediated by time perspective, had a good fit. The results of path analysis showed that the direct effect of time perspective on self-acceptance is significant (t = 2.69, β = 0.43) and body image (t = 2.57, β = 0.39) and gender role ( T = 2.57, β = 0.26) indirectly affects its acceptance due to time perspective. The results also showed that the variables within the model predict 23% of their acceptance variance and 46% of the time vision variance.

Comparing with the Gender role, the Body image is a better predicted-able for Unconditional Acceptance in postmenopausal women,  with mediating Time Prospective, through the factors “past positive”, futuristic, and “Present Hedonistic.”

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention of Electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial direct current stimulation on Depression in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study and its research design was pre-test and post-test with a control group. Sixty PTSD veterans of Ahvaz Bustan Psychiatric Hospital participated in the present study as a sample and were randomly divided into three groups: electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial direct current stimulation and control. Experimental groups underwent treatment for 10 sessions. In the pre-test and post-test stages, all participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Significance level was considered p <0.05.

There was no significant difference between the groups in the pre-test stage (p = 0.639) but in the post-test stage there was a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.001). The results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that there was a significant difference between ECT group with tDCS (p = 0.001) and ECT with control (p = 0.0001) and tDCS with control (p = 0.0001).

Using ECT and tDCS approach can improve depression in veterans with PTSD. Using ECT is also more effective than tDCS to.

the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive-behavioral therapy on obsessive compulsive symptom, obsessive-compulsive beliefs and guilty feelings in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Tehran.

The research method is quasi-experimental research (pre-test-post-test design with control group). The statistical population included all patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder referred to psychiatric centers and psychological services and counseling in Tehran. The sample size was 30 people who were divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The first experimental group received transcranial direct current stimulation for 24 sessions of 20 minutes. In the second experimental group, cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed for 10 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any intervention. Research data were collected using the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (1986),  Obsessive-Verity Questionnaire (2011), and guilty feelings of Kauger and Jones (1998). For data analysis, univariate analysis of covariance (ANCO) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used by SPSS-v.21.

the results showed that both brain electrical stimulation treatments from the skull and cognitive-behavioral therapy separately reduced obsessive-compulsive beliefs and guilty feelings in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (P< 0.05).

among the two treatments, the treatment of transcranial direct current stimulation was more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing the obsessive compulsive symptom and guilty feelings, but it was more effective in reducing the cognitive-behavioral beliefs of obsessive beliefs; these results were also observed after one-month follow-up period.

The present research was aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy in psychological flexibility and internal cohesion among cardiovascular patients with obesity.

The research method was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest, 3-month follow-up and control group design. The statistical population of the study were include all cardiovascular patients with obesity in Tehran who referred to Shariati and Rajaei hospitals in 2019-2020. The sampling method was convenience. Twenty-four subjects of patients have been assigned in to groups randomly (12 subjects in each group). The experimental group received emotion-focused treatment in two-hour weekly sessions for eight weeks. The control group were in wait list. To gather the data, acceptance and action questionnaire of Bund et al., (2011) and internal cohesion of Kimiaei et al., (2013) were used. The data were analyzed by SPSS-26 through Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).

The findings showed the emotion-focused therapy in increasing the psychological flexibility and the internal cohesion is effective.

According the findings, it can be concluded that the emotion-focused therapy is an effective and consistent approach in improving the psychological circumstances of cardiovascular patients.

Marital life, due to the individual differences of each couple, is constantly exposed to tension and discord, which will not be possible except in the shadow of forgiveness and forgiveness along the way, and this will bring a higher level of marital satisfaction for the couple. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of marital life enrichment training based on selection theory on forgiveness and marriage of women with marital conflict

The design of this quasi-experimental study was pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. Forty women referring to Tasnim Counseling Center in Shousha city were selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). The participants in the experimental group were enriched in marital relationships based on the theory of choice in nine sixty-minute sessions, and the participants in the control group did not receive any training. Participants in both groups were assessed in the pre-test and post-test stages in marital intimacy variables. Data analysis was performed by statistical method of analysis of covariance using SPSS-23 statistical software package.

The results showed that the enrichment of marital relationships based on the theory of selection separately in the dimensions of the absence of negative emotions and the presence of positive emotions in the post-test stage explains 27 and 67%, respectively, and in the follow-up stage explains 29 and 36% of the dependent variable changes. The educational strategy for the structure of marital satisfaction in the post-test and follow-up stages explains 49% and 60% of the dependent variable changes, respectively.

This strategy is recommended to family experts and counselors to solve couples' problems.

Selection of unsuitable locations for disposal of hospital waste in the southeast of Tehran province is one of the environmental problems in this area, which has caused damage to the environment and pollution of groundwater in this area. It is the main, most acceptable and most economical method of disposal in many areas. The present study was conducted with the aim of locating the disposal site of hospital waste in the southeast of Tehran.

This study used a novel method for selecting HCW landfills in Tehran that relied on the fuzzy stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis method (FSWARA) and the geographic information technology system (GIS), which reduced comparisons in gathering expert opinions, simplified the selection process, and improved evaluation methods. The fuzzy Delphi approach was used to identify 9 criteria in the first place. The weight of each criterion was then calculated as information layers utilizing the FSWARA to produce the final maps for the relevant zones.

 Following that, the selected locations were ranked using the multi-attributive ideal-real comparative analysis method (MAIRCA), and the fourth point was chosen as the most suitable of the criteria with 34-degree slope, 1008 meters high, 3.4841 meters distance from fault, 8.4428 meters distance from surface water, 12 meters groundwater depth, 457 meters distance from residential areas, 6.4749.6 meters distance from hospitals, and 1598 meters' distance.

Finally, use the multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA), technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and vlse kriterijumsk optimizacija kompromisno resenje (VIKOR) methodologies to compare and validate the findings' dependability.

The purpose of this study was to design an emotional attitude model in customers' purchasing decisions in Service markets.

The approach of this study was qualitative and used the foundation data approach. The statistical population of this study includes managers, experts, physicians of public and private hospitals in Tehran, medical assistants of the university who had a managerial background in hospitals and medical tourism centers in Iran and the researcher was satisfied with 15 nterviews.

The researcher presents his research in the form of a model including six dimensions, satisfaction with the brand of the tourism center, trust in the brand therapy of the medical tourism center, diversity of medical services, marketing of medical tourism, appropriate treatment package, loyalty to the brand of the medical center, and thirty-one sub-dimensions has done.

The results show that the empowerment of experts in international patient units, the development of professional skills of the medical department, the management of medical tourism agents, the promotion of international marketing and advertising, quality and cost monitoring and management, attention to the standards of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and "International and joint national and international cooperation agreements with medical tourism stakeholders can facilitate the development of medical tourism.

One of the most important public health problems in recent years and one of the main crises of the 21st century is substance use disorders and addiction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback on cravings in substance abusers.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with random assignment of subjects in experimental and control groups along with pretest and posttest. 18 opioid-dependent patients referred to methadone treatment centers in Zahedan were selected by random sampling and then randomly divided into experimental (n = 9) and control (n = 9) groups. The instrument used in this study was Franken (2002) Consumption Questionnaire. Neurofeedback sessions consisted of 20 sessions, each session lasting 30 minutes. Then both groups answered the questionnaire again. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The indicators show that in the components of desire to consume (F = 3.97), negative reinforcement (F = 14.57), perceived control (F = 6.56), general craving (F = 6.38) between There are significant differences between the experimental and control groups; In other words, neurofeedback reduced post-test cravings in the experimental group.

According to the results, it seems that neurofeedback can reduce cravings in substance abusers. Therefore, therapists are advised to use neurofeedback as an intervention method to treat addicts.

Coronary artery disease is one of the most progressive diseases in society, the negative consequences of which affect the mental health of women as one of the most important members of the family and society; Therefore, psychological therapies can be an opportunity without negative consequences in their mental repair. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy in comparison with positive therapy on depressive symptoms, psychological well-being and purpose in life.

The research method is quasi-experimental and is a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population includes female patients referred to Dr. Pourabrahim's office who had coronary artery occlusion and are available using sampling method. The collection tool includes a questionnaire and a protocol.

The results showed that metacognitive and positive therapies are effective on depressive symptoms, psychological well-being and purpose in life. Metacognitive therapy differs from positive therapy in psychological well-being. There is a difference between metacognitive therapy and positive goal-oriented therapy in life.

Therefore, it is concluded that according to the obtained averages, metacognitive treatment has a greater impact on the symptoms of depression and psychological well-being and purpose in the life of women with coronary artery disease, and this requires more attention of trustees to strengthen And the use of therapies in the psychological improvement of patients.

Idiopathic growth hormone deficiency may be isolated or associated with deficiency of other pituitary hormones. the use of brain MRI findings to differentiate between the two groups can be useful.

This descriptive study of the retrospective method, investigates all 2–6-year-old children, who referred to Sari Gardener Clinic between 1390 and 1396 with a short stature complaint, and diagnosed them with a single growth hormone deficiency or multiple hypophysis hormone deficiency. Patient file information that includes demographic information, history and clinical examination information, laboratory information, and paraclinical information were extracted.

In this study, 150 patients, 63 of whom (42%) were girls, were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 34.71 ± 113.63 months. 68.7% showed a slight deficiency of growth hormone and 31.3% showed a severe deficiency of growth hormone. A total of 6.67% had a significant deficiency of pituitary hormones and 93.33% had an isolated deficiency of growth hormone. 79.33% of patients had normal Brain MRI and 20.67% had abnormal MRI. The findings included hypoplasia and 41% loss of adenohypophysis, 2.56% ectopic neurohypophysis, 12.82% pituitary microadenoma, 25.64% partial empty sella, 7.69% Complete empty sella and other reported findings were 10.25%.

In this study Pituitary abnormalities in brain MRI have been reported in patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency more than in patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency, However, it has not been established that the pathological findings detected on MRI are consistently associated with permanent growth hormone deficiency.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychological intervention on emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility and mental happiness of students with Internet addiction. Based on this, two groups of 15 people consisting of control and experimental group who were selected based on age (between 20 and 30 years), educational status (bachelor's degree), marital status (single) and gender (women) were selected. Cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation, and happiness scales were performed before, after, and 3 months later of training course. The results of this study showed that the positive psychological intervention has led to an increase in cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation and also the mental happiness of experimental group. The analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the efficacy of the course remained at the same level.

The aim of this study was to determine the fit of teachers 'emotional-social competence model based on individual and contextual factors and its effect on students' sense of belonging to school. The present study is a descriptive correlational study and the statistical population consisted of all teachers working in schools (elementary, junior high and high school) and students studying in the same schools in District 2 of Dehloran city in the academic year of 1997-98. Among them, 150 teachers and 150 students were selected and studied as a sample group. The research instruments included teachers' emotional-social competency questionnaire, burnout scale, emotional intelligence scale and school sense questionnaire, and the obtained data were examined in two descriptive and inferential sections. The results showed that individual factors have a direct effect on teachers' emotional-social competence, contextual factors have an inverse effect on teachers' social and emotional competence, social emotional competence has a direct effect on students' sense of belonging. After that, tissue factors had the greatest effect the variable of social emotional competence (β = -0.37). The study model fit indices indicates the model has a good fit with the data. Based on the findings of this study, it can be said that individual and tissue factors had effect teachers' social and emotional competence, which the effect of direct individual factors and the effect of inverse tissue factors. Also, teachers 'social-emotional competence had a direct effect on students' sense belonging, and then contextual factors had the greatest impact the social-emotional competence variable.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of life skills training on ego strength, mood and suicidal ideation among girls who attempt suicide in Ilam province. The research method is quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up group and the statistical population of the study includes all girls aged 18 to 24 years in Ilam province who committed suicide in 1397-98 and went to medical centers. Medical sciences of Ilam province have been referred, in which 40 people were purposefully selected as a sample and replaced by experiments (based on age, education and marital status) in experimental (20 people) and control (20 people) groups. Is. The instruments used are the Mood Scale (Kellinger et al., 1994), the Ego Power Scale (Baron, 1995), and the Suicide Thought Survey (Beck Suicide Thought Questionnaire, 1961). Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. The results indicate the effectiveness of life skills training on suicidal ideation, mood and ego strength in the post-test and follow-up phase among girls who attempt suicide in Ilam province. Thus, life skills training reduces suicidal ideation and increases temperament and ego strength among girls in suicide research in Ilam province and its effect is maintained over time.

Learning disabilities are an important cause of academic failure for some students, and determining appropriate treatment methods can lead to their academic success. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions based on brain gymnastics and cognitive rehabilitation on verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning in students with special learning disabilities.

: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population includes male and female elementary school students with learning disabilities in Tonekabon who referred to the Health Learning Disabilities Center of that city in the 99-98 academic year. Sampling method of this study was available that after selecting 45 people were randomly assigned to three groups (two experimental groups) and (one control group). Data collection tool was Wechsler IQ Scale 4 (2003). In this study, two treatment protocols of brain gymnastics program and Pars strengthening program were used. Univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that therapy based on brain gymnastics and cognitive rehabilitation treatment had a positive and significant effect on verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning of students with special learning disabilities. Also, due to the fact that the mean level in the cognitive rehabilitation group was higher than the cerebral gymnastics group, a statistically significant difference was observed in the verbal comprehension variable in the effectiveness of treatment.

Therapeutic interventions based on brain gymnastics and cognitive rehabilitation should be used to improve verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning of students with special learning disabilities.

Bullying causes a lot of psychological, emotional and communication damage to students. Accordingly the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of Anger management based on cognitive-behavioral approach on the narcissism and bullying in bullying student.

It was a quasi-experimental method with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population included bullying students studying in the first high school in the town of Saman, Charhar Mahal-va-Bakhtiari province in the year 2018-19. 40 bullying students were selected through purposeful sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20 students). The students in the experimental group underwent eight ninety-minute sessions of Anger management based on cognitive-behavioral approach. Illinois bullying scale and narcissism scale were used in the current study. The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA via SPSS23 software.

  The results showed that Anger management based on cognitive-behavioral approach has had significant effect on the narcissism (p<0.001) and bullying (p<0.001). The effect size showed that 67% and 72% of the variance of narcissism and bullying variables were explained by the present intervention, respectively.

The findings of the present study revealed that training anger management can be applied as an efficient method to decrease narcissism and bullying in bullying students according to the cognitive-behavioral approach and with the focus on anger management skills, practical techniques of anger management and cognitive self-teaching.

A review of research shows that opioid addicts have problems with resiliency and metacognitive beliefs. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activator group therapy on resiliency and metacognitive beliefs of opioid addicts.

The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. From the community of people addicted to opiates at Alborz Clinic in Tehran, 25 samples were selected by available methods and randomly divided into two groups. Initially, for both groups, Connor and Davidson (2003) and Wells et al (2004) metacognitive beliefs pretest were performed on both groups, and then the behavioral activator group therapy was performed in 8 sessions on the experimental group. Two post-test groups were taken. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.

The results of data analysis showed that behavioral activator group therapy increases resiliency and decreases metacognitive beliefs of uncontrollable control, positive beliefs about cognition, low cognitive confidence, need to control thoughts and cognition of drug addicts. Opium in the experimental group was compared with the control group (p≤ 0.001).

In order to improve the resiliency and metacognitive beliefs of opioid addicts, it is recommended to use behavioral activating group therapy.