نشریه جغرافیا و توسعه ناحیه ای
سال نوزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 36، بهار و تابستان 1400)

Traditional bazaars in Iranian - Islamic cities are considered as the backbone and beating heart of the cities. Isfahan’s bazaar, like other traditional bazaars of Iran, is the most important center of trade and commerce in Isfahan, and even Iran, which is located in the center of the old texture of the city. Today, the continuously increasing population and urban development, together with the old texture of bazaar as well as its intertwined and narrow paths have all increased the vulnerability of bazaar. This situation would get even more complex and complicated if some hazards such as fire, water pipe explosion, gas line explosion, earthquakes or human disasters such as social crises happen.

The main purpose of this study is to review and analyze the vulnerability of the buildings of Isfahan’s traditional bazaar.

The research method is descriptive - analytic and survey. This study was done in the area of commercial and service units of Isfahan’s bazaar, from Hassan-Abad bazaar in the southeast of Imam Square to Jame’ Mosque in the northwest of this part of the city.

Data were collected through library and Internet resources and field survey of the commercial units. Then, through applying these elements into the base maps of Isfahan’s municipalities and using 6 indicators (exhaustion, age, population density, building density, number of floors and compressed texture), the vulnerability status of bazaar was analyzed within the Arc GIS area by Spatial Analyst technique.

The results of the study showed that: According to the indicators used, Isfahan’s Bazaar and its surrounding areas have high vulnerability, and most of the physical space of bazaar is not in good condition. 70% of the buildings around the bazaar ages more than 30 years. The physical quality of the area is not good (only 7.2% are new). Network access in this area is not efficient enough at crisis times. Based on the findings of the present study and the bazaar’s vulnerability map, we concluded that the Bazaar’s texture has a high vulnerability at times of crisis and the most important factor that increases its vulnerability is the quality, the age of the buildings and the inefficient access to the network.

The main purpose of this article is to identify and level the factors affecting the livability of Ilam city using interpretive structural modeling technique. The present study is a descriptive survey in terms of applied purpose and data collection, and the data collection tool is questionnaire. By reviewing the literature and content analysis and opinion polls of elites, 16 cases of indicators affecting the livability of Ilam city were identified and then the internal relationships between them were examined using the ISM method. And the type of variables is determined according to the impact on other variables. The results show that the city of Ilam is classified into six levels based on the factors affecting livability and the five factors of fair distribution of infrastructure facilities and services, adequate housing, having a suitable job and income, the amount of goods and services, proper quality of roads and The streets with 15, 15, 14, 14, 14, respectively, are considered to be the most influential, stimulating and motivating livability in Ilam city. As a result, any plan and action to start and improve the livability of Ilam city must pay attention to the key and basic role of these factors. Accordingly, the first general dimensions affecting th livability of Ilam city are economic dimensions and in the later stages, environmental dimensions and social dimensions. Also, according to MICMAC analysis, none of the enablers are in the autonomous group, and this shows the importance of all enablers in the livability of Ilam city.

Migration, with whatever intention and goal, is a process and requires certain steps, one important of which is adaptation. In the adaptation process, immigrants' behavioral patterns change, which affects some important aspects of their personal and cultural identity. The process of adaptation may lead to identity cohesion and a sense of community that has an important effect on psychological and social well-being; besides it makes immigrants more committed to the values of destination community. Taking the importance of this subject into consideration, the present paper, through studying a sample of 385 migrants settled in Isfahan metropolis and using the data gathered via questionnaire, investigated the effect of various dimensions of adaptation on place identity, and examined the moderating role of some variables. Analysis of the data was carried out using various statistical tests, and applying SPSS software and Process extension. The findings show that the mean value of place identity and three dimensions of adaptation including psychological, social and environmental adaptation are greater than average level. Results showed that adaptation has a significant positive effect on place identity, and approximately 52 % of the place identity variance is explained by variances of psychological, social and environmental adaptation. Based on the findings, the variables of education and psychological, social and environmental adaptation moderate the relationship between environmental adaptation and place identity; While the moderating role of the variables of gender, age and provincial origin of migration in the relationship between various dimensions of migrants' adaptation and  place identity was not supported.

The methodology of this study is functional in purpose aspect and including descriptive – analytical method. The villager’s residents of Marivan are the statistical population of this research. ". Villages located within 10 km of the international border in Iraq, due to affected of the border, and occupation them into smuggling, was considered as sample. According to calculation in the Cochran formula, and accuracy by a factor of 0.18 from the between 46 villages, 18 villages were selected. The number of samples was calculated by using Cochran formula 334. The number of questionnaires was distributed among the households in the sample villages. To evaluate and analyze information, based on the criteria of reason and Excel and SPSS software in order to answer the research question and hypothesis testing is usedFindings/

The factors influencing the diversification of economic activities were classified into four categories: economic, social, natural and borderline. The average rating for the above factors was 2.11, 2.7, 3.23 and 2.79, respectively.Conclusion Social, economic, environmental and borderline factors have affected the diversification of economic activities of the region. Among them, environmental power and border position are more than other factors (economic and social factors) in the diversification of the economical region of the region.

Border regions have characteristics such as geographic isolation, distance from the poles of economic, industrial growth, marginalization as well as underdeveloped social, political, economic and cultural dimensions compared to the central regions of countries. One of the ways to develop and regulate these areas is the construction of border markets by governments. Border markets due to the contact of these areas with the external environment have caused spatial exchanges and links across borders and reduced vulnerability and threats in these areas. Therefore, the attention to the cross-border market has been of great importance to scholars of various sciences. Extensive research has been done to investigate the characteristics and dimensions of these markets. This article is a meta-analysis approach to review articles and theses published in pesion until 2018. Meta-analysis is used as a way to integrate the results of diffuse research into a new perspective for the development of human knowledge. Therefore, the findings of the study show that tourism, socio-economic development, economic-physical, political-security, regional sustainable development of the use of composite indicators are the strengths of the researches and lack of attention. The development of the areas, the increasing attention to the security aspects of the border areas, and the lack of reflective validity and reliability of the research method, are the weaknesses of the research. On the other hand, all research has only been theoretically concerned, and so far no practical view has been put forward by experts to strengthen the national border market.

Due to the increasing importance of human health and their equitable and proportionate access to health indicators, measuring health competitiveness at the national level can identify the levels of provinces, especially in the context of epidemics and health crises are very effective in rapidly allocating deficits to the provinces and planning for their future development.

this study uses descriptive-analytical methods and applied targeting; examine 31 provinces of the country in terms of health competitiveness indicators. (36) Indicators in the form of two main components (work force and infrastructure) have been collected using data from the Statistics Center of Iran in 2019. Generalized Shannon entropy models, MABAC analysis and Moran's Global spatial correlation (Moran's I), geographic weight regression in Arc GIS 10.3 software environment were used to analyze the data.

The results of this study show that in terms of health-competitiveness, Tehran province with regard to the centrality of the country and having large facilities and infrastructure with MABAC score (0.621) and a huge difference with other provinces in position First and Khorasan Razavi and Fars were in the second and third places with points (0.346) and (0.281). Moran's index in work force and institutional index is less than one, which is an indication of the dominant pattern of random distribution of indicators. In analyzing the effect of population on all health indicators, using geographical weight regression. Fars, Khorasan Razavi, Mazandaran and Khuzestan provinces most affected by population.

The aim of this study is to predict the characteristics of Shahrshad in Urmia In order to understand the future of the city by identifying possible situations facing the city in the form of a scenario And in accordance with that program and policies to be implemented to achieve a happy city.

The research method of the present study was descriptive-analytical that 29 indicators were used to explain the happy city of Urmia.

The research findings have shown that among the 29 indicators studied, 8 indicators have been identified as key factors in the realization of the happy city of Urmia. How these factors are distributed in the regions of Urmia shows the best situation for region 1 with a score of 0.30% and the worst for region 2 with a score of 0.22%.

The results of the study showed that the probable scenarios out of a total of 152 possible cases had a coefficient of 38% for the optimal situation, 35% for the static situation and 25% for the critical situation. That the desired situation was more likely to be achieved than other situations, Which itself indicates the realization of Shahr Shad indicators for Urmia in the future, provided that the proposals presented in the present study are implemented.

An Analysis of Border Measures and Presenting an Appropriate Model for Preventing Drug Trafficking (Case Study: Sistan and Baluchestan Province)The issue of drug trafficking as a major social, political, economic, cultural and security problem; It doubles the need to deal with it better and more. Since borders, and especially land borders, are the main gateways for the illegal entry of drugs, border measures play an important role in preventing trafficking. This study, which aims to investigate the appropriate border pattern to prevent drug trafficking from the borders of Sistan and Baluchestan province, is qualitative and based on descriptive-analytical nature and based on the purpose, due to the use of its results in the program. The required political, spatial, economic and social plans and studies of border provinces are practical. The statistical population of this study includes a number of experts in the field of border security, including military and law enforcement border guards, forces working in the anti-narcotics headquarters, governorates and professors, and experts in geographical sciences. The results show that the patrol and inspection management model, which is implemented by the three governments of Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan in cooperation and cooperation, is suitable as a model for the protection of the eastern borders based on the findings of this article.

Establishing social justice and consequently spatial justice is the solution to many shortcomings and anomalies in cities. In this process, informal settlement and spatial inequality are the focus of instability and conflict and are related to each other through similar processes. purpose of this article is to investigate the structural factors affecting the spatial justice indicators of informal settlements in Tehran Region 2, which using factor analysis methods, spatial statistics in GIS environment, comparative comparison of spatial inequality of informal settlements and analysis of social, economic and welfare-physical indicators. These neighborhoods have paid. results show that the neighborhoods of region 2 of Tehran are not in a good condition in terms of having the studied indicators. neighborhoods of Gharb and Punak towns are in the best condition and the neighborhoods of Islamabad and Farahzad are in the worst condition. In the vicinity of low-income neighborhoods such as Islamabad and Farahzad, the interests of a limited and affluent people have been formed, an idea that involves relatively precise engineering, science, technology and architecture, and so on. In contrast, the atmosphere that is formed only on the basis of meeting the simple needs of the poor masses and is declining every day in a regressive course has fueled the inequality of Islamabad, Farahzad and even Kusar neighborhoods with their neighboring neighborhoods. This indicates that space has dominated in neighborhoods and has led to the formation of unequal space in the whole region and adjacent areas in the spatial structure of region 2.

The outbreak of Quid 19 virus and the subsequent restrictions have led to the cessation of tourism businesses and the destruction of many units and activities in its chain. Therefore, it seeks to provide a tourism model with an entrepreneurial approach in the face of the pandemic. This study uses an approach

This study utilizes the combined research method (qualitative-quantitative) approach, first with the foundation data theorizing approach, and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 experts, managers and activists in the tourism industry, to encode the extracted data. From the text of the interviews (open coding), classifying the concepts (axial coding) and presenting the theory based on the data obtained from the previous steps and presenting a conceptual model (selective coding). Then, to fit and test the model obtained in the second step (quantitative part), he has used the method of structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis.

Considering the causal, contextual and intervening conditions caused by the outbreak of Corona pandemic, if strategies such as virtual tourism development, crisis management in the tourism industry are adopted; Development of domestic tourism By emphasizing the observance of health protocols and focusing on the development of tourism infrastructure, the tourism industry can be revived during the era of panomic diseases.

By using the mentioned strategies during the period of pandemic diseases, it is possible to maintain and prosper tourism businesses; Strengthened the tourism industry and created a new tourism market for the post-Corona era.