نشریه پژوهش های ادبی و بلاغی
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 31، تابستان 1399)

Iteration is one of the techniques utilized for embellishment of discourse and is the expression of the emotional language of the poet. It also makes the discourse, harmonious and prominent. It has been conventional among poets and writers for a long time and is more prominent in contemporary poems. In addition, increasing the coherence of text, it makes the audience to concentrate on writer's concerns. As a result, it plays a prominent role in literature and especially the poem. contemporary criticizers categorized iteration as two main categories of "extensive iteration" and "compound iteration". There is an iteration of letter and word in a subset of extensive iteration, and compound iteration includes an iteration of the sentence (phrase) and section (cross-section). The Iraqi contemporary poet, Walid Al - Adhami (1930 - 2004) utilized the diffrent types of this technique in his poems. In This paper was studied Relying on a descriptive-analytical method, the repetition of the base letter in the two odes of "Despite the restrictions" and "the youth of the generation" by Walid al-Azami. The results of the research indicate that the repetition of the base letter in these two poems is completely consistent with their theme, so that it has played an important role in expanding the semantic range of the poems and highlighting their themes

From a constructivist point of view, normality is one of the most effective methods of language prominence and descriptiveness in poetry. Which many poets have enjoyed. In contemporary poetry, Nima played a big role in establishing this norm. One of the poets who uses the method of normative gesture to highlight his poetry is Saif Farghani. The fundamental place of language in literature as the most important means of creating an artwork is an undeniable truth. The language in literary works is so different and transformed that it is studied as a unique language. In the field of linguistic approaches, it is believed that the main factor of poetry creation in general is semantic normality. The main issue in this research is the descriptive analytic method of normativeism, and in particular the semantic normality in the Saif Farghani poetry. For this purpose, we tried to introduce the definitions of normativeism and the recognition of the sonnets of Saif Farghani, by selecting random samples from their nouns, the elements of the normative formulation of the semantic, such as permissible, simile, metaphor, abstract, contradictory ... Show it. Studies have shown that Saif has benefited from the normalization method and thus highlighted his poetic language. In his poetry, various types of semantic normality have been used, but this is not the same. One of the most frequent normalization of the Saif sermon is similar. And this norm-setting in his poetry is a type of embodiment

Short story is of the contemporary literary genres in twentieth century which enjoys a universalAttention. Regarding its special place, most of the critics has done researches and surveys on the innovators works of this type.Yusuf Idris is among the well known writers of the Arab world, namely Egypt. Writing in cipher and adopting such a device, he portrays the hidden part of the life. He uses short story to depict injustice, the politic atmosphere of the society and its problem, the cultural and economic indigence and human being and its values. He always attempts to choose his characters compatible with literary and intellectual approaches so that he can create an appropriate relationship between his characters and the other elements of the story.The characters in his story are mostly chosen from the poor and the middle class of the society. The diction he uses is a technical and dynamic one. He employs short sentences to convey the optimal meaning and also inverted sentences to be in accordance with the encoded content of the story. Idris purpose is to show the realities of Egypts society. The society governed by irrationality injustice in which the sublime values of human beings are ignored and silence is the fundamental element in the relationship existing among individuals.The ongoing disquisition attempts to provide Iranian readers with adequate and relative familiarity

Evaluating the Relationship between Gender and Imagery in the Poetry of Simin BehbahaniHamid Jafari Ghariyeh AliAssociate professor,Vali-e-Asr university of Rafsanjanhzer1345@yahoo.comAbstract A close analysis of Persian poetry reveals a covert relationship between gender and imagery. Imagery, embedded in grammatical structures, is the poet’s medium to convey the desired meaning. Feminine emotions determine a certain lexicon, syntax and imagery, which creates a distinct stylistic features. The present study analyzes imagery in the poetry of Simin Behbahani to see how feminine emotions and desires determine her creativity and artistic development. Results indicate that melancholy and aspiration are two key themes of Behbahani’s poetry that reflect her perspective on life. Her detailed imagery is a combination of internal message of the poem and the external world. A majority of her poetry is a representation of female ethics, behavior and imagery. Keywords: imagery, gender, Simin Behbahani, female poetryKeywords: imagery, gender, Simin Behbahani, female poetry

Literature in its historical passage has been influenced by many factors, among which we can name the elements of slang; Of course, the influence of these elements has not been the same in all periods of Persian literature. Folk language as a form of language contains various elements that are relatively noticeable in the poetry of contemporary poets. Folklore is a collection of beliefs, myths, stories, customs and traditions and superstitions that in practice are passed down from generation to generation and express the aspirations and way of thinking and cultural values of a people. Poets and writers are among the custodians of popular culture and traditions who record the culture of the people of their time in their works. Mehdi Akhavan Sales, among contemporary poets, has used the elements of popular language in his poems. His poems have a social background. He pays special attention to popular culture, especially in his local poems, and various components of popular culture can be seen in his works. In this descriptive-analytical research and library method, an attempt has been made to extract and study its manifestations in the folk poems of the Brotherhood with accurate and comprehensive definitions of archetype and forms of archetype. By examining the Brotherhood's folk poems, anime archetypes, shadows, masks, water, travel and numbers have been used in his poems.