نشریه معماری و شهرسازی پایدار
سال نهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the coding pattern on Baharestan Square as an almost political space. By acknowledging that the two textual layers of objectivity, and subjectivity can be considered in the dialectic which are affected by power, this paper used mixed method. To determine whether the case study is hegemonic or non-hegemonic and for identifying the codes and implications, semiotics as approach is selected. In this article for studying the power layer (in planning), documents and plans are considered as the written texts and interpreted in accordance with the expert-based approach. In the subjective layer, in order to read the semantic implications of space users, the questionnaire method is used and the data is quantitatively analyzed (92 questionnaires were distributed among three informal groups, ordinary people and employees). In the study of the physical layer space with the aim of identifying objective indicates (objective codes) that show hegemonic reasons, codes has been identified in five dimensions of movement and access, visual, ecological, functional and morphological aspects, with a qualitative and expert-based method. The results showed that space planning and design is influenced by power and is a hegemonic coding pattern. Semantic implications in the objective and subjective layer of space confirm this influence. According to the results, the dimensions of movement and access, functional and visual, have the greatest impact on the hegemony of space. And the morphology and ecology dimension have less impact on the perception of hegemony.

Traditional house yards in the desert cities of Iran play an important role in balancing and subtilizing the house's air. Its overall composition varies somewhat across Iran due to climatic and cultural reasons. Esfahan central courtyard houses also have a special combination. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the process of central courtyard airflow (natural ventilation), influenced by the prevailing wind in late Qajar period houses in Isfahan (statistical population of research) and Labaf House as a random sample. The present study is an interdisciplinary research and uses a mixed method to conduct the research. In the first step (after selecting Labaf's house as a case study), using an empirical strategy, the independent variables were identified, and the dependent variables (velocity and direction of airflow) were measured by digital devices and smoke tests. The data were then analyzed using a simulation strategy. The simulations were performed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using Gambit and Fluent software. The results showed that in the statistical field the indoor air flow in the observer plane is opposite to the outside wind direction and in the northern third position (in the south north axis of the yard), an irregular eddy flow occurs and air is propagated to all locations of house, from this point.

Open spaces and passages are areas where public life takes place, many people's activities take place in urban open spaces, while direct sunlight and intense air temperatures, especially in hot and dry climates, reduce the presence of people in open urban spaces. Therefore, more attention is paid to outdoor thermal comfort in urban spaces. Radiation control and shading are effective ways to improve outdoor thermal comfort. The present study investigates the types of flexible membrane canopies as one of the factors causing thermal comfort in outdoor spaces The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical with practical purposes that the required data has been collected through documentary, library and case study. As a result, flexible membrane canopies with their special physical and thermal properties, temperature control and shading are suitable for outdoor spaces, especially in hot climates, and provide good comfort conditions. One of their features is the adaptation of flexible roofs to the climate of the region in all days of the year. In addition, when movable canopies, are open, provide shade during the hours of the sun, and when are closed, allow the use of sunlight.

Rural tourism aims to expand the facilities and improve the vulnerability situation of current and future generations in rural areas. Ecotourism as the most sustainable type of tourism, with its capacities, is a fundamental solution in development of rural tourism. Ardabil province with unique natural attractions will have the potential to develop rural ecotourism. The research method in the present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature is descriptive-analytical and using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) by considering seven factors including slope, hydrology, land use, natural and man-made beauties and vegetation and animals, in order to determine and location potential zones for ecotourism development. These factors, which have been evaluated, based on a checklist prepared through interviews with tourism experts, and finally, using Expert Choice software, the final weight of each of the criteria has been determined. Based on the results, natural beauties with a weight of 0.26 have the highest priority and the shape of the earth with a final weight of 0.07 has the lowest priority in determining susceptible areas. Then, using the knowledge and analysis of the study area by GIS software, it was found that areas with high value of ecotourism development, dedicated 35% of the total area, however areas with appropriate relative value of 28% and generally in the northern, western and northwestern parts of the region and low value zones account for 22% and non-value zones dedicated 16% from the total area.

What makes it necessary to discuss the quality of the environment in the residential environments of residential complexes is the adverse consequences of living in these complexes and neglecting it can cause physical and social anomalies such as riots, sabotage, crime and Lack of a sense of belonging and ultimately residential instability and a desire to move around in complexes. The purpose of this study is to explain the role of environmental quality on residential stability and the tendency of residents to move in residential complexes in Arak. The method of the present study was quantitative and survey method using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study also included residents of Arak during the period from March 2017 to July 2016. Participants in this study were selected through a multi-stage cluster random sample. The target sample size was 400 (247 males and 153 females). Based on the results, there is a significant and inverse relationship between the desirability of the communication, social and cultural network and the tendency to displacement with high power; There is a significant relationship between accessibility and propensity to move and the relationship is inverse and has moderate power. There was a significant relationship between the desirability of green space and the tendency to move and the relationship was inverse and had a weak power and also there is a significant relationship between the desirability of cleanliness and the tendency to move and the inverse relationship is weak.

including bio, meaning life and MIMESIS means a new field that studies the best ideas of nature and imitation of these patterns and processes in solving human problems. The approach to the design processes is that designers look at nature (especially in the organisms or ecosystems) to solve a specific human need. It is also used in all sciences in particular architecture, as guidelines. Biomimicry is a science that has been evaluated from nature in design processes in form, technology, materials, and technology. This field can be expressed as the imitation of the system of life in nature and provides novel solutions in architectural design and architecture. The aim of this study is to explain the concept of biomimicry and design and its nature is related to architectural design training. The nature of this qualitative research and its method in order of theoretical foundations is descriptive - analytical method. The statistical population of the students of free Islamic university and sample size of 100 are 100 people who have been in the training program for six months and have been tested for satisfaction of the period, motivation and progress in creativity with kolmogorov smirnov test and T test. At the end of the training period during which biomimicry was applied to generate design ideas, a study of the relationship between design and design was done, the results of that intensive period and training procedure have been stated.

Quality of urban life (QoUL) is an important component of satisfaction with the general living conditions and has wide consequences in cities. The mental quality of urban life arises from the objective characteristics of urban environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the level of quality of urba life with an integrated assessment method of objective-subjective indicators based on the level of satisfaction with the fulfillment of needs. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. The sample size is equal to 378 people of Shterban population, which is obtained through Cochran's formula. In this paper, the method used to assess the quality of life in urban areas is based on taking into account the basic needs of residents in the Shotorban neighborhood of Tabriz, which is derived from the Max-Nef Human Development Scale model. Because the quality of urban life is a multifaceted concept and in this regard should be thoroughly studied using an integrated approach. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software. As a result, with the integrated assessment of quality of life in Shotorban neighborhood, it was found that the level of satisfaction is 6 out of 10 indicators used at an average level (50%) and above. 4 indicators are close to and below the average level (50%) of satisfaction, which in the end, the overall score of the integrated assessment was equal to (52.51%), which shows that the level of satisfaction with the quality of life in Shotorban neighborhood is at a moderate level.

In Islamic Architecture, the best and most elaborative and decorative designs are on the Mihrabs. Mihrab of Pir Hamzeh Sabzpoosh Abarkooh, a precious example from the sixth century (Hejry Ghamary) reveals significant values in design, traditional plaster modeling, cornice, and epigraph. Due to lack of attention to this precious Mihrab by some pioneer architectural researchers, this Mihrab has not been a subject of research yet. This research project will conduct investigations, questioning the significance of design motif on the Mihrab of Pir Hamzeh Sabzpoosh Abarkooh. This research involves analytic and descriptive methods in searching for information from public and from libraries as well as study of photographic examples and measurement of the design motifs using available software. The conclusion of this research presents involvement of principles of Iranian design motif and application of geometrical and mathematical proportional relationships. Furthermore, presenting the progress in plastering art and techniques.Mihrab, Design Motif, Mihrab of Pir Hamzeh Sabzpoosh Abarkooh Tomb,Traditional plaster modeling, Islamic Architecture

Nowadays, population growth in big cities and the High price of urban land have led to the construction of multi-story buildings. An important issue of architectural design in these buildings is to provide adequate daylight for all spaces. Light-well is a solution that is widely used in these buildings but due to the land constraints, they usually lack proper daylight performance especially in high latitudes. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different light-well form (vertical and horizontal section shape) with the constant area on all floors on its daylight performance. The selected case study is Urmia located at latitude 37.5. The model is a building with a 4-story light-well in Urmia. The alternatives were evaluated using grasshopper/rhino for parametric simulation, ladybug for inputting time zones and delivering sun position coordinates, and honeybee for analyzing daylight. In this study, the effect of light well form on its performance was investigated using the Useful Daylight Illuminance index. The results show that east-west rectangular light-wells perform the best among vertical light-wells. In all cases, light-wells with sloping walls improve daylight performance, and light-wells with inclined walls to the south reduce lighting efficiency. The light-well form does not significantly change the daylight performance in the upper floors, but it is significantly more effective in the lower floors. As a result, the east-west orientation for the horizontal section and the upward opening vertical section improve daylight performance and increase Useful Daylight Illuminance by 15-20%.

Nowadays, The need to optimize energy consumption and seek to reduce its consumption is a vital issue. In this regard, one of the solutions is to use daylight and its lighting in the interior of buildings. However, in glazed envelopes the most energy loss. The choice of a suitable complex fenestration system (CFS) for glazed envelopes is very important. nowadays, using accurate simulations can calculate daylight performance and energy very accurately. Simulations of complex fenestration systems in a model to adapt to the impact in terms of daylight performance and energy consumption are complex and challenging. This paper seeks to optimize the performance of matrix-based annual daylight and climate-based energy consumption for various complex fenestration systems in the office building of Hamadan. This has been done on 14 simulations of glazed systems different from 8 groups of complex fenestration systems: Gas Fills, Low-Emittance Coatings, Multiple panes, Special Products, Tinted Glazing, Reflective Coatings, Glass Coatings and Tints in Double Glazing, Thermochromic glazing. The results of optimizing the criteria of annual daylight performance and energy use intensity show that the Low-E3 system is the most optimal example for the climate of Hamadan.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an effective solution to evaluate the energy consumption of the building and analyze the brightness of the interior spaces before construction. In the present study, with the aim of providing appropriate design solutions for interior spaces using daylight to improve the quality of architectural space; Combined in two parts: survey and simulation; With an analytical approach to the study of quality indicators of architectural space, Annual energy consumption and lighting analysis of indoor spaces in the School of Architecture - Environmental Design, Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Iran University of Science and Technology were discussed. The results of the present study in the survey section using the Delphi method in SPSS software showed ; The amount and intensity of light indoors, will have the most impact on the quality of architectural space in educational complexes and the results of energy simulation with Design Builder software after modeling building information in Autodesk Revit 2021 software represents it the amount of annual energy consumption in case of construction of the mentioned college with heavy brick materials with an average insulation of 2495474 kWh according to the standards of educational spaces. Also in the simulation section, the results of light analysis of indoor spaces showed the most suitable sides according to LEED and BREEAM standards in order to use daylight; North and south of the faculty are under investigation,. In order to realize the practical nature current study, directional solutions Adaptation of interior design are presented.

One of the main areas to be considered in the Infill development of a city is the tendency and participation of the residents of worn-out structures in the implementation Infill development. Infill development, unlike other urban development policies, takes place in the context of the existing city and with the presence of residents, citizens and neighborhood units. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the tendency and participation of residents of worn-out tissues in the implementation of Infill development by descriptive-analytical method, of the correlation type. Sangalaj neighborhood research area located in the 12th district of Tehran and its statistical population; Residents of Sangalaj neighborhood. The sample size was estimated using Cochran's formula (378 people) which were selected by random sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data collected by inferential statistical methods; Regression was analyzed and the results showed that the sense of belonging to living in the neighborhood with an impact factor (0.916) is the most important factor that is directly related to the participation of residents. In fact, the more residents depend on their neighborhood, the more they tend to consolidate and improve the quality of space. The status of services and amenities of the neighborhood with an impact factor (0.370) and the status of neighborhood infrastructure with an impact factor (0.241), have also played a significant role in the participation of residents in the implementation of Infill development.

Methods In the first part, the purpose of identifying and prioritizing vitality indices in academic open spaces was carried out by hierarchical analysis method. The present study was conducted in two phases (AHP) and R factor analysis in SPSS software in a qualitative and quantitative manner. The research population was comprised of the first part of all architectural and urban planning specialists who had open-ended interviews with purposeful sampling and snowball technique with 15 experts. Then, by acquiring the main research priorities from the previous stage, a new questionnaire was developed and randomly clustered by 341 students in Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Urban Development and Civil Engineering at the Iranian University. The data were analyzed using R factor analysis, and the data were analyzed using inferential descriptive statistics.

The results of this research indicate that social, physical, design and psychological dimensions of the environment are influential.

The first part illustrates that the social, physical, design and psychological dimensions of the environment are involved in the design of university open spaces. Also the components of flexibility in human behavior, spatial diversity, the effect of physical comfort on physical comfort, relationship between artificial and formal space with sociable and individual space, human behavior formation with environmental arrays and the presence of nature and lively environment were extracted from the user questionnaire. Was done.