نشریه برنامه ریزی و توسعه محیط شهری
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1400)

Guilan urban environments with various natural, historical and cultural attractions, has an extraordinary talent for developing the tourism industry, But despite tourism policies and planning, it has not been able to develop in this area. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to tourism policy in urban environments of Guilan. is The research method was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using contextual theory and FARAS model. The statistical population is also experts in the field of urban studies and tourism, Based on purposive sampling, 20 people were selected as the sample population. According to the grounded theory model, obstacles such as: lack of expertise, inadequate marketing, imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments, problems in the chain of tourism services, problems of the administrative system and policy, lack of integrated tourism management within the organization Related issues, inadequacy of infrastructure and physical infrastructure, lack of use of specialized personnel were extracted, Using the fuzzy ARS model, respectively, the obstacles to the lack of integrated tourism management among organizations related to the weight of 0.490, the problems of the administrative system and policy with a weight of 0.488, imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments with The weight of 0.477, the problems of the chain of tourism services and the inadequacy of infrastructure and physical infrastructure with the weight of 0.467, the inappropriate marketing with the amount of 0.463, the lack of specialized personnel with the weight of 0.458, the most and Have the least importance.

Fair access to urban uses and their optimal use, especially urban green space, is crucial in sustainable development and social justice. Most cities, huge cities, face a shortage of green space and imbalance in this type of use distribution. The spatial distribution of these land uses is considered as one of the important criteria in achieving spatial justice and it seems necessary to study in this field. This study investigates the issuance of green space, emphasizing spatial justice in the 12 districts of Hamadan. This research is applied and based on the descriptive-analytical method. To collect information from different library and field methods, review and compile statistics and information from the detailed plan of Hamadan has been obtained. The results of the network analysis model show that due to the distribution and functional radius of parks in urban areas, population centers do not have fair access to the services of these parks. Considering the population of 525,791 people in the city, for regional parks 58%, district parks 44%, neighborhood parks 85%, and neighborhood parks 6% of the city area are within reach of these parks. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that due to the high share of acquisition and its cost in the construction of urban parks, public lands located in the city should be given priority for green spaces and parks to solve problems related to land acquisition or private ownership. Also, in constructing new urban parks, urban areas that do not have green space should be considered

The accident virus was reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China, and with a high ranking, it has affected the whole world and affected the lives of millions of people from various factors. The purpose of this research is. The statistical population of this study is all business owners in Shiraz in weekly markets. Cochran's formula was used for sampling and 180 samples were selected. The spatial domain of the research is the city of Shiraz and its temporal domain is September 1400. The method of data collection is a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed in two sections: general and specific. The reliability of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient questionnaire was in the good category with a result of 0.887. Analysis and analytical statistics of the questionnaire including descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS software. The results showed that the virus has affected the lives of employees in Shiraz weekly markets several times. The results of the research based on t-test show that the level of significance of all components is less than 0.5, ie information on all components (employment, socio-cultural, financial, family, tourism, education, political and Psychological) had a significant effect (P <0.05) so that it has an effect on the components of money, finance and psychology and has the least effect on socio-cultural and political components This shows that in the post-corona era, we need comprehensive policies to address the economic problems of this group and prevent social vulnerability.

Spatial attachment is an emotional connection that people make with certain places that they prefer to stay in and feel safe and secure in. Spatial identity, however, is defined as part of personal identity and is the process by which people describe themselves as belonging to a particular place through interaction with places. Many studies have found a positive association between these variables in populations that have maintained continuous interactions over a long period of time. This article will present a study in which we have compared place attachment and place identity in samples that differ from place to place based on place of birth and length of stay and the size of these links. Despite the fact that the intensity of attachment and identity that is built with the place is hypothetically affected by the size of the environment. In order to explore the differences between the two associations and the size of the environment, we conducted a study in neighborhoods, cities, and homes. The results of the study show possible differences in place attachment and place identity between residents who were born in the city and residents who are originally from other cities. Also, the identity and attachment of the place are the same for the natives, while the people of other places give a higher score for the attachment instead of the identity. The sample includes 208 people (54.8% native and 45.2% from other cities). The results of the study enable us to consider that spatial attachment develops before spatial identity, and the connection to the house is stronger than the connection to the neighborhood, but the attachment and identity to the city is stronger than either. There is a higher level of attachment and identity in the city than at home and less in the neighborhood.

Developing countries often have an inefficient economic system and lack mechanisms for citizen participation in financing cities, so the municipal revenue system in these countries usually focuses on unsustainable sources of income. The purpose of this study was to investigate and prioritize the factors affecting the provision of sustainable income sources.

The present study was a research-based study in terms of purpose, an applied- type research in terms of research achievement, and a survey in terms of research strategy. The statistical population of this study included 220 managers, deputies and senior experts of Arak Municipality. Due to the limited population, no sampling was done and a questionnaire was distributed among all members.

In this study, in order to prioritize the effective factors to provide sustainable municipal revenue sources, Friedman test has been used. The results showed that the average rank of the factors affecting the sustainable sources of municipal revenue include: increase in toll rates on land value, public tolls, municipal-citizen financial relations, government grants, environmental pollution tolls and tolls on communications, respectively. Transportation has been.

The quality of urban space is a sign of the quality of the environment. Due to the complex nature of urban spaces, appropriate methods can be used to evaluate them according to the approach of each research; Urban space evaluation can be done based on a set of criteria and criteria that have been presented by different experts, it is also possible to evaluate urban space at different levels and layers in which the compliance or non-compliance of different levels of successful criterion evaluation or Considering the failure of urban space, this research has been done with the aim of evaluating urban space in three levels of physical, mental and social space and in two macro and micro scales and Lefebvre theory of artistic space production has been considered as the basic theory. Chamran Shiraz site has been selected as a evaluation platform for this study due to its size, extensive capabilities and multifunctionality. The type of combined research and research method is exploratory and inductive strategy using direct observation tactics and reviewing the structure of the site and analyzing the information and presenting a questionnaire to experts and non-experts.NAmong the results of this study is that the multifunctionality of space and the extent of capabilities at different levels of physical, mental and social evaluation can indicate the richness of space so that the space according to the time and social conditions have shown appropriate reactions and Even in the face of possible conflicts and contradictions, it can show an acceptable function in general and accept new functions and roles in proportion to social changes over time, and this is a capability that not every urban space has in itself and can be extracted. Features of an urban space that makes it capable of adapting to different conditions were used in future designs

Land in recent decades has become the most important factor in growth and development, especially the development of cities, the government to obtain the land needed for urban development has to adopt special policies tailored to the conditions of the country. According to Islamic law, the mortal land does not belong to a specific person and is given to the Islamic government. In this regard, the Urban Land Law in 1981 and the Urban Land Law in 1987 were approved by the parliament and caused many lands to be owned by the government. In the same years, it caused a major change in the development of cities, the provision of public welfare and the provision of housing needed by the government. The purpose of this study is to examine the scope of jurisdiction of the Article 12 Commission in accordance with the practical procedure of the courts and the extent to which the Commission has been able to achieve the government's policy objectives for urban development and public welfare. This research has been compiled by analytical-descriptive method and in the form of a library. The results of this research show that the said commission has limited competence and only has jurisdiction in determining the type of land. Most cases are challenged and this shows that in practice in recent years it has not been able to meet the government's goals in policy-making for public welfare and urban development, and there is a need for a major overhaul of Article 12 of the Urban Land Law.