Journal of Composites and Compounds
Volume:3 Issue: 9, Dec 2021

The in vitro assessments suggested the essential features for the bio screws applications. The effects of bioactive glass nanoparticles (BG) during in vitro studies of the poly (D/L) lactide (PDLLA)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/BG nanocomposites (PPB) were assessed. The PDLLA/PCL (PP) blends were chosen as control groups. Apatite formations capabilities, weight and pH variations, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and MTT assay were assigned during different immersion times up to 6 months. The XRD and SEM results revealed the superior apatite formation of PPB in simulated body fluids (SBF) compared to PP. The weight loss and pH variation results illustrated the highest values related to PP. Moreover, the MG-63 cells cultures determined the better cell viability of the PPB compared to the PP blends. Although, there are no statistically significant differences between the two groups. In addition, similar trends are shown for the ALP results where these amounts after 2 and 3 weeks incubation are considerable for PPB in comparison to PP. However, there are also no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Overall, the in vitro bioactivity and biodegradability confirmed that the PPB implants can be promised as a proper candidate for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction screws.

TiO2 has become the most well-known photocatalysts for solving environmental problems as a wide-band n-type semiconductor. This research aimed to coat a carbon steel substrate with Zn-Co-TiO2 nanocomposite via the electrodeposition method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure, (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) EDS analysis was used to examine the composition of the coating, and a pull-off test was used to determine the adhesion of the coating. In this regard, the electrodeposition of the coatings was carried out at the optimum conditions of 0.1 A, the concentration of TiO2 equal to 15 g/L, deposition time of 20 min, the temperature of 25.5 °C, and pH of 5-5.5 in different electrolyte compositions. Also, the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 were determined by the fungal growth on the sample surface. According to the results, the fungal growth was reduced with the increase in the TiO2 content in the coating.

In the present pandemic/epidemic, individuals all over the world are living in a scenario where the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the etiologic agent for COVID-19, has impacted every area of their existence, whether socially or economically, in the year 2020. Because the germs of this airborne sickness can be spread from an infected person to others when sneezing, coughing, or speaking more individuals are using face masks. Face masks, as well as proper hand cleanliness and physical separation, are recommended for preventing COVID-19 transmission. Facemasks can cause allergies and skin problems in certain people. We offered an approach to infuse natural bioactive compounds in the nanofibers of textile fabric in this brief review. Anti-allergenic, anti-inflammatory, and odorless, the proposed facemasks will be identified. In this study, we discuss current developments that have an impact on the filtering efficiency of mask materials. 

Coronavirus disease, also called COVID-19, a universal health concern, has a?ected more than 200 countries after its declaration as a pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization, WHO. COVID-19 results due to SARS-CoV-2 entrance into the epithelial cells of the human’s lung. Recently, nanotechnology has turned to be a great promising method used in the medical feld regarding viruses. By mitigating infection, nanotechnology plays an important part in the diagnostics, prevention, and therapeutic approaches for controlling COVID-19. The development of nanomaterials for viral disease is based on preventive measures and disinfectants, diagnostic devices, and therapeutic drugs or vaccines to transfer antiviral drugs into the human body. Being at the same scale as viruses, nanoparticles can replicate the functional and structural properties of viruses, and nanomaterials can be the best substitute for developing vaccines. A broad range of nanostructures, including gold, silver, zinc, graphene, carbon, liposomes, and polymeric compounds, have antiviral activity and can be employed in vaccine development or inactivation of the virus.

Bioactive glass (BG) and glass-ceramics (GC) have been employed for bone treatment tissue engineering applications. Bioactive glasses/bioglasses can be considered promising materials for bone-regenerative scaffolds fabrication, owing to the adaptable properties that make them appropriately be designed regarding their composition. The essential properties of bioactive glasses, enabling them to be applied in the engineering of bone tissue, can be explained as their potential to augment differentiation osteoprogenitor and cells of mesenchymal stem cells, enzyme activity, osteoblast adhesion, and revascularization. Much research is conducted for the development of phosphate glasses, borate/borosilicate BGs, and silicate. Accordingly, some metal-based glasses have also been surveyed for tissue engineering uses, technologically and biomedically. Many rare elements can also be incorporated in the network of the glass to achieve promising properties, possessing a positive influence on the associated angiogenesis and/or remodeling of bone. This review motivates for providing an overview toward bioactive glasses’ general requirements, composition, production, and impact of ion substitution on bioactive glass. Attention has also been given to developments of bioactive glass applications in bone grafting, bone regeneration, drug delivery, dental implant coatings, antibacterial agents, and soft tissue engineering as well as challenges and future perspectives.

The application of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is gaining significant attention in the transportation industry, especially as a substitute for metals due to a need for fabricating stable and fuel-efficient airplanes, vehicles, and ships. Excellent strength, resistance to corrosion, light weight, and suitable fatigue endurance are some of the desirable properties that would encourage the use of FRP composites in the transportation sector. Polymer-based composite materials, combining the favorable properties of both polymer matrix and reinforcing fibers, can contribute to several excellent behaviors of the obtained material. Epoxy, polyethylene, and polypropylene are the primary polymer matrixes used in FRP composites. The main reinforcing fibers incorporated in fiber-reinforced composites are made out of glass, carbon, basalt, hemp, or natural resources (e.g., sisl and jute). Due to high cost, low Young's modulus, low durability, and linear stress?strain behavior until failure of the FRP materials, which are used in transportation infrastructure, the aim of this review article is to study the current status of polymers reinforced with a range of fibers with a close focus on their mechanical properties in order to evaluate their use in aerospace, automotive and maritime applications.

Wearable electronics are gaining widespread attention because of the potential applications of them in systems of wearable human care and health monitoring. These new devices are probably a collection of different applications like batteries, sensors, displays, and so on. In these respects, conductive fibers, inks, and fabrics were examined. On the field, three materials categories including carbon, metal, and polymer-based materials were investigated. Materials of carbon have advantages like good electrical conductivity, structural and inherent flexibility, high thermal and chemical stability, light weight, ease of chemical operation, and potential production of mass, enabling them to be a good candidate for wearable and flexible electronics. Conducting polymers have a number of drawbacks in their natural state; however, by combining them with other materials, these drawbacks can be solved. Conducting polymer composites have a wide range of applications in optoelectronic, electronic, and electrical sectors due to their synergetic effects. Liquid metal was bestowed with new-emerging characteristics and multifunctional applications. Due to the high surface tension and limited adherence on many surfaces, the manufacturing approach of patterning liquid metals on flexible substrates has received a lot of attention up to now. The current state of wearable materials as actuators and fabrication processes are discussed in this review paper.