نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دام های بزرگ
پیاپی 23 (پاییز 1400)

Toxoplasma gondii is a meat-borne zoonotic parasitic protozoan that causes congenital infection, miscarriage, and stillbirth in the human and animals. Goat is an important resource of meat production in Kurdistan Province, and the consumption of its raw or half-cooked meat is a major risk factor for infection with Toxoplasma. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Markhoz goats of Saqqez City of Kurdistan province in western Iran.

In a cross-sectional study, we utilized 188 serum specimens ( 144 serum samples belonging to goats with a history of abortion and 44 samples belonging to goats without a history of abortion ) for the evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by ELISA. 38 samples out of 188 serum specimens in the study were positive for Toxoplasma gondii using ELISA, and the infection rate of the goats was 20.2%.

Two (3.57%) out of 56 Markhoz goats under 2 years of age were positive for Toxoplasma infection and 36 (27.27%) out of 132 Markhoz goats over two years of age were positive for the infection. The statistical examination indicated significant relationships between the pollution and age groups (p<0.05). 36 (25%) out of 144 Markhoz goats with a history of abortion were positive for Toxoplasma infection, and 2 (4.54%) out of 44 goats without a history of abortion were positive for the infection. The statistical studies indicated a significant correlation between the rates of infection and abortion (p<0.05).

Given the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Markhoz goats, we suggest providing information about prevention and control, refraining from eating uncooked or undercooked meat, and performing molecular studies.

Degenrative injury of the frog (Thrush) is one of the diseases of the locomotor system in horses and despite paying special attention to this disease. This study was performed in equestrian centers on Kurd horses. In this study, all four motor limbs of 384 horses kept in care centers were clinically examined. Factors such as age, sex and number of infected venoms were evaluated and the incidence rate was graded from 1 to 3, with grade 3 indicating maximum frog disease examined to see if the horses had a black discharge in the frog's cleft. From all the studied horses, 215 (55.84%) heads were diagnosed with the disease. The prevalence of most research samples is between 7 to 10 years of age, and the lowest frequency is in the range of 4 to 7 years (P <0.05). The incidence of the disease was not related to the sex of the animal and no significant difference was observed (P <0.05). Transformed frog disease in the anterior motor limb of the studied horses was significantly higher than the posterior motor limb (P <0.05) and grades 2 and 3 of the disease in the anterior motor limb were more than the posterior motor limb was observed. Among the studied samples, 120 cases of anterior limb involvement and 95 cases of posterior limb involvement were observed. The quality of the litter, the use of moisture-absorbent litter for horses, improved nutrition, and regular venom modification can protect against poisonous frog thrush and improve performance.

Downer cow syndrome refers to cows that become recumbent and fail to rise; this is a major concern in dairy farms worldwide. The syndrome occurs mainly in the early postparturient period and is caused by several diseases. The most common cause of downer cow syndrome is hypocalcemia (milk fever). This study evaluated the serum concentration of macrominerals(Ca, P) in downer dairy cows that they had treated for milk fever. Blood samples were collected from 30 Holstein downer cows that could not rise 15-18 hours after recumbency and after first treatments. Serum concentration of macrominerals (Ca, P) were determined. In this study the 11 downer cows were hypocalcemic with hypophosphatemic. In the 17 downer cows calcium concentration was below 8mg/dl and in the 21 downer cows phosphorus concentration was below 5.5mg/dl. The serum phosphorus concentratio above 6.5 mg/dl observed in the 7 downer cows that the 6 cows had hyperphosphatemia with hypocalcemia. In this study, hypercalcemia was not in any cases but the 23.3% downer cows had hyperphosphatemia

The presence of any type of lesion in the mouth, such as injuries, sores or oral pests, in addition to causing pain in the area can cause the animal to not want to receive food as result, reduces weight and production. Teucrium is one of the medicinal plants that have effective healing properties in healing the mucosa. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare comparative plant extract of Teucrium and chlorhexidine in the healing of experimental oral ulcers. 

In this experimental study, 36 New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: control without treatment (C), treatment group with 0.2% chlorhexidine (T1) and treatment group with hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium (T2).  In the beginning after anesthesia, the animals were placed in a supine position on the left side and the mouth of the animals was opened as much as possible by the mouth opener. Then, wound with a diameter of 3 mm was made on the gingival mucosa. Twice a day, the right gingival lesion was impregnated with a swab soaked in chlorhexidine solution (T1 group) and hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium (T2 group). On days 1, 3, 7, and 14, the gums were sampled and the histopathological criteria for inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen filament arrangement, fibroblast cell presence, vascular formation, and epithelial tissue rearrangement were assessed. Also, the macroscopic diameter of the gingival tissue wound was measured on the mentioned days.

In T1 and T2 groups, the criteria for inflammatory cell infiltration, arrangement of collagen and vascular formation and rearrangement of epithelial tissue on days 7 and 14 showed a significant change compared to C group (P < 0.05). In the C group, the criteria of inflammatory cell infiltration increased during the study. In T1 and T2 groups, the macroscopic diameter of gingival tissue ulcer showed a significant decrease compared to C group (P < 0.05).

This study showed that Teucrium extract can accelerate experimental wound healing.

Theileriosis is one of prevalent diseases among small ruminant population in Kurdistan province which is encountered serious problems both clinical and microscopic. The disease imposes heavy damages to the livestock industry. The aim of the study is to compare the clinical and microscopic features in sheep and goats infested with ticks, evaluation of microscopic method to identify Theileriosis and finally identification of technical impairments and finding confident approaches for diminished diagnostic errors in both methods.

in this study, after recording the clinical findings of 250 tick infested small ruminants (230 sheep and 20 goats), blood and lymphatic smears were taken.

the results have shown that Piroplasms and Koch blue bodies were presented in 229 blood samples and in 238 lymphatic smears respectively. Statistical analyses declared that there was a meaningful correlation between blood and lymphatic smears and also between clinical findings such as: heart rate, conjunctiva discoloration and temperature variation with both blood and lymphatic smears.

coordination of clinical and laboratory findings have confirmed that the main problem in clinical diagnosis of theileriosis in Kurdistan province was the involvement of animals with none-acute form of the disease (for i.e. T. ovis) in most population of small ruminants. Thus investigation of parasite both in blood smears and in lymphatic smears could lead to diminish laboratory errors.

In this study, 30 male rabbits weighing 900 - 1000 g were randomly divided into 6 groups (positive control, negative control and test). After general anesthesia using a combination injection of ketamine 50 mg / kg and xylazine 5 mg / kg intraperitoneally to create ulcers in the rabbit skin a 10 mm circular punch was made. The wounds was measured with the aid of millimeter papers on the first, third, sixth, ninth, twelfth, fifteenth, eighteenth, and twenty-first days after surgery. This measurement is made at a specific time of day by a specific person. Complete recovery time was measured in negative, positive control and test samples. Then, on day 21, the wound was sampled. The specimens were subjected to histopathological studies after fixation of dewatering and staining.According to the results, there was no significant difference between control group and T1 group (P <0.05), but there was a significant difference between control group and T2, T3, T4, T5 group (P <0.05). The highest difference was between T5 and control group. It can be said that methanolic extract of cardamom at a dose of 400 mg / kg topical and feeding on cardamom powder pellets was more effective than all groups. Also, migration of epithelial tissue and reduction of wound openings in group T5 on days 15 to 21 were higher than other groups. Also, cardamom powder as the last plate of food significantly decreased glucose in diabetic groups (P <0.05). Cardamom lowers blood sugar by antioxidants such as flanoids. According to the results of this study, cardamom extract has a high ability to heal full-thickness wounds compared to chemical drugs.

Herpes virus infections are prevalent in the monocotyledonous population in most parts of the world, and among them, equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is the most important cause of economic losses in the horse supplies. Two cases of horses suspected of myeloencephalopathy with symptoms of ataxia and paralysis of the hind limbs, respiratory symptoms and herpes virus lesions on the vagina were reported in one of the horse supplies of Shahrekord-Chaharmahal Bakhtiari. Blood samples were taken from infected horses to identify herpes virus type 1 in the samples, PCR method was used. Samples extracted bufly-coat were used for inoculation in allantoic cavity of embryonated eggs and RBK cell culture. After injecting the prepared samples into the embryonated egg and cell culture, it was found that the virus is able to grow in the egg embryo and causes the death of the embryo. When the brain tissue was examined macroscopically, the protein content of the cerebrospinal fluid was higher than normal. The grooves in the brain were also softened. Finally, the present study confirms the presence of equine herpes virus type 1, which is one of the main causes of myeloencephalopathy in horses in Shahrekord, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province.