فصلنامه توسعه ی آموزش جندی شاپور
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 40، پاییز 1400)

The aim of this research was to investigate the conceptual framework of personal marketing competencies of university faculty members. The research design was qualitative, and data were analyzed using content analysis. The research population included all books, references, and written and electronic resources related to marketing and branding. Data collection tools were receipt forms. Qualitative analysis and coding were used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis of the experts’ opinion showed that the most important competencies required by faculty members for personal marketing include knowledge competencies (e.g., creativity and innovation, finding new ideas, updating information, specializing in a specific field, creating a personal brand, having a personal vision, business intelligence, and financial intelligence), skills competencies (e.g., the ability to identify new opportunities and needs of the market and consumers, the ability and skill to target the market or target market selection, interpersonal skills, communication skills, the ability to do carte blanche, and the ability to work with social and virtual networks as well as advertising channels) and attitudinal & behavioral competencies (e.g., honest response to customer needs and interests, positive thinking, discipline, perseverance, responsibility, risk-taking, law-abiding, ethical and behavioral characteristics of social good behavior, humility, and flexibility).

The aim of the current study was to analyze the policies of the higher health education for dealing with Covid-19 pandemic and the other crises. It was a retrospective study conducted in the first six-months of 2020. Walt and Gilson’ policy analysis triangle was used. The data was collected by reviewing the national and international databases, analyzing the obtained documents, and conducting semi-structured interviews with informants. The following items were identified based on data analysis: 1) forty-five actors, 2) five constituencies of the organizational structure, 3) three technical substructures, 4) fourteen laws and regulations, 5) twenty-four practical steps, 6) twenty-four processes, and 7) forty-six documents. The documents were compiled by WHO, Iranian Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, universities of medical sciences, and the faculties of medical sciences. According to the findings of this study, it is necessary to revise the higher education system.

Perceived social support and the quality of student-teacher relationships are among the most important factors of success in higher education. The present study investigated the role of perceived social support and the quality of student-teacher relationships in academic involvement of physical education students. This study was a descriptive study, and its statistical population included all physical education students studying at Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the first semester of the academic year 2020. A total of 170 of these students were randomly selected by stratified sampling and were requested to answer the questionnaires of academic engagement, perceived social support, and the quality of student-teacher relationships. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests. The results showed that academic engagement has a positive significant relationship with: total score of perceived social support (r = 0.35; p <0.001), family components (r = 0.32; p <0.001), friends (r = 0.17; p <0.05), support of others (r = 0.32; p <0.001), and the quality of student-teacher relations (r = 0.63; p <0.001). The results of regression analysis showed that predictive variables predict about 43 percent of the variance of academic engagement. Based on our findings, educational system planners and education practitioners are recommended to hold hands-on educational workshops in universities to teach ways of creating a suitable educational environment and promoting supportive behaviors in student-teacher relationships.

Radiology technologists have an important role in controlling patients' radiation dose and providing images with proper quality, and the effect of their skills and knowledge in achieving this is hardly disputable. Therefore, this descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 94 radiologists working in radiology centers of Ahvaz university hospitals in 2019. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which included: demographic characteristics and questions related to the professional knowledge and skills of technologists. Data were analyzed based on ANOVA and independent paired-sample T-test using SPSS ver. 24. According to self-assessment responses, the highest scores of knowledge and skills were related to selecting the appropriate exposure factors and performing portable radiography, respectively. Also, the lowest scores of knowledge and skills were related to working with PACS system. According to the technologists’ viewpoints, knowledge of radiography techniques and being skillful in it are more important considerations. There was a statistically significant relationship between gender and knowledge score and between type of employment and skill score. In general, the level of knowledge and skills of radiologists working in the studied radiology departments is desirable. Holding training courses, performing appraisal tests, and using up-to-date scientific information can be effective in improving service delivery, image quality, and reducing the dose received by patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the status of educational policy indicators in non-governmental financial institutions. The research method was developmental based on its purpose and in terms of the type of data, it used a mixed-methods sequential exploratory design. The qualitative phase was based on grounded theory, while the quantitative phase used a descriptive survey method. The statistical population in the qualitative phase included a number of experts while the quantitative phase involved all 3850 managers, deputies, and staff members of institutions. In the qualitative phase, 12 experts were selected using snowball method whereas the quantitative phase involved 384 individuals. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Also, CVR was confirmed with a coefficient of 0.846, and its reliability was confirmed with a coefficient of 0.871. Findings showed that the dimensions and components of educational policy-making are: 1- Emphasis on strategic factors (Being realistic in formulating educational policy, the effect of political parties on formulating educational policy, and the effect of culture on formulating educational policy) 2- Emphasis on supportive factors (using national support, using scientific community, using support from government bodies) 3 - Paying attention to educational quality (emphasis on evaluation in formulating educational policy, attention to staff growth, and emphasis on educational and research factors) 4- Paying attention to educational infrastructure and facilities (providing educational facilities, reforming the organizational structure, and fair distribution of budget) 5 -Paying attention to multiple development (economic, political, social, cultural and scientific development) 6- Paying attention to the effects of implementing educational policy (educational growth, growth of human and moral values, creating the ground for distribution of justice).

The aim of the present study was to provide a conceptual framework for the requirements of online exams in the medical education system amidst the Covid-19 epidemic. Using systematic review and meta-analysis methods, the current study analyzed 28 studies conducted from 2018 to 2020. Findings of the study showed that the following play an important role in developing online exams in the medical education system: the development of strategies to reduce cheating, student authentication system, technical-technological support, design-structures, media literacy development of practitioners, learning interface, technology interface, question design model, content and technical evaluation, and psychological considerations. In addition to having the potential of becoming performance indicators, these components can be considered by test authors in medical universities. In line with the findings of the study, it should be acknowledged that professional development and attention to training requirements for medical education practitioners, including faculty members, students, and designers and managers of electronic exam systems. Developing attitudes, knowledge, and skills can complement the findings of this study as far as online examinations in medical higher education settings are concerned.

With the advent of information technology, educational systems changed accordingly, and the need for revisiting traditional teaching methods and using new learning methods have been felt by educational system planners. Since nearly half of the time medical students spend in university is devoted to clinical education, this education is of paramount importance. Therefore, by using relevant keywords, various interventional, descriptive, and review studies on distance learning in clinical education of nursing, midwifery and operating room technology students that were conducted in English or Persian and published in the scientific databases such as science direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Magiran between 2000-2020 were searched. The articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected and assessed. The findings of these articles showed that the use of different distance learning methods has a special role in improving the clinical skills of nursing, midwifery and operating room technology students. When combined with face-to-face training, e-learning can have a positive effect on promoting students' clinical skills and competence. Of course, further studies with more accurate methods are needed to improve the quality of these methods and prove their effectiveness.

Previous research has shown that effective learning cannot be explained by cognitive factors alone. The aim of this study was to determine the role of factors such as sense of human agency, meaning of education, and time perspective in predicting academic achievement motivation among medical students. This study was a descriptive-regression correlational study. It included 200 medical students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in the first semester of the 99-98 academic year. The students completed four scales of academic achievement motivation, sense of human agency, meaning of education, and time perspective. Pearson correlation and multiple regression methods were used to analyze the data using SPSS ver. 24. Findings showed that the motivation for academic achievement has a significant relationship with the components of human agency and the meaning of education. Also, 0.22 of the total variance of academic achievement motivation was predicted by these three components. As a result, the findings can help university officials to design effective intervention programs to promote and maintain student motivation to take effective action.

The aim of the current study was to analyze the policies of the higher health education for dealing with Covid-19 pandemic and the other crises. It was a retrospective study conducted in the first six-months of 2020. Walt and Gilson’ policy analysis triangle was used. The data was collected by reviewing the national and international databases, analyzing the obtained documents, and conducting semi-structured interviews with informants. The following items were identified based on data analysis: 1) forty-five actors, 2) five constituencies of the organizational structure, 3) three technical substructures, 4) fourteen laws and regulations, 5) twenty-four practical steps, 6) twenty-four processes, and 7) forty-six documents. The documents were compiled by WHO, Iranian Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, universities of medical sciences, and the faculties of medical sciences. According to the findings of this study, it is necessary to revise the higher education system.

This study was conducted to identify and compare the factors affecting the quality of clinical education from the perspective of medical and dental students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 310 medical and dental students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences who had entered their clinical education stage. Data were collected in five fields (goals and educational program, instructor, student interaction, educational environment, and monitoring and evaluation). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test in SPSS v.16. From the perspective of the participants, the fields of educational environment and monitoring and evaluation were the most important factors influencing the quality of clinical education while the field of instructor was the least important factor. The results of comparing the mean scores of the two disciplines showed that the differences between students' opinions in the fields of goals and educational program and instructor were significant (P <0.05).

The aim of this study was to identify the components of Islamic realism with an anthropological approach aimed at educational implications for faculty members. This research was done using a mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, a questionnaire was developed based on the opinion of experts obtained through semi-structured interviews and according to the results of content analysis. After performing exploratory factor analysis to explain the variance of effective factors and the matrix of rotating factors, finally 54 indicators including 18 factors for Islamic realism with an anthropological approach were identified and provided to university faculty members in form of a questionnaire. These questionnaires were analyzed by structural equations method, and after determining the weight of each factor, the effect of components and indicators was examined. Then, the proposed research model was presented to identify the components of Islamic realism with an anthropological approach to extract educational implications. The degree of appropriateness of the proposed model was confirmed according to the components of the research. The results also showed that the components of Islamic realism with an anthropological approach play an important and effective role in the development of faculty members' education.

Professional ethics is considered as one of the success factors of the organization today and is recognized as a competitive advantage. The aim of this study was to compare the status of professional ethics in first year and last year residents of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. In the present descriptive cross-sectional study, all first year (100 people) and fourth year (35 people) residents completed a questionnaire of professional ethics and demographic information. The professional ethics questionnaire consists of 25 questions and its score range is 25 to 125 points. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics tests with SPSS software version 22. Based on results, the mean score of compliance with professional ethic of the first year residents was 79.89 ±12.40 and fourth year residents was 92.23 ±13.43 which had a significant difference (p <0.05). Spearman correlation test showed no significant association between the score of compliance with professional ethics and age of the first (r = -0.097, p = 0.335) and fourth year (r = -0.195, p = 270) residents. Compliance with professional ethic of the first year residents had a significant difference based on the study field and dermatology and ophthalmology had the highest level of professional ethics (p <0.05). Compliance with professional ethic of the fourth year residents was not significantly different based on study field. Overall the findings showed that, the residents of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences have moral competence, but strategies must be presented and implemented to improve it.

The purpose of this study was to present a futures research model based on transformational leadership style aimed at the development of entrepreneurial universities. The statistical population of this research included 72 officials, managers, and deputies of entrepreneurial and vocational universities, including the University of Tehran, Tarbiat Modares University, Farhangian University, Technical and Vocational University, and Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Research components were extracted through interviews with experts. MicMac software was used to determine the ranking and effectiveness of research components, and appropriate scenarios were obtained accordingly. The results show that transformational leadership style has a great impact on the development of entrepreneurship in universities. After identifying the influential, two-sided, independent and influential factors, three scenarios for entrepreneurship development in universities were written. The results also showed that recognition of effective factors in empowering employees as an underlying factor in improving and developing entrepreneurial activities leads to the cultivation of efficient human resources, production of knowledge and technology, national development ideals, along with foresight in higher education for better planning and entrepreneurship development, as well as economic and social growth.

The purpose of this study was to design a model for the development of managerial skills of managers using grounded theory as a field of management studies in educational management. The research method was applied in purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method which was done using a cross-sectional survey approach. The validity of the research was determined by the triangulation method and its reliability was verified by inter-coder agreement method. Meta-analysis, content analysis, and MAXQDA ‌software was used to analyze the qualitative data. Finally, 3 dimensions, 13 components, and 65 indicators were extracted. Findings of the study showed that the dimensions of managers' managerial skills include an individual dimension (self-awareness, stress management, effective problem solving management), an interpersonal dimension (constructive communication skills, effective motivation skills, impact skills, conflict management skills) and a group dimension (skills delegation, team skills, leadership skills for positive change, application of technology, application of management requirements). Based on the obtained findings, the proposed model had a relatively "acceptable" fit and was confirmed.

Using a heuristic mixed-methods approach, the present study was aimed at branding modeling, students' behavioral responses, mental image, and university brand credibility in the Iranian educational system. The statistical population in the qualitative phase included a group of professors of Business and Educational Management and senior managers of Iran's Islamic Azad universities, and in the quantitative phase of the study, the statistical population included 1487 (328 females and 1159 male) faculty members of 14 Islamic Azad universities in Mazandaran province. The participants in the qualitative phase were 20 individuals selected using the snowball sampling method, while in the quantitative phase, using relative stratified random sampling method based on Cochran's formula, 305 people were selected. Data in the qualitative phase were collected by performing the Delphi technique with a semi-structured questionnaire, and in a quantitative phase, a 65-item researcher-made questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Findings showed that the final model had four levels and thirteen dimensions. The first level (student participatory behavior, student citizenship behavior, and student perceptual quality) affected the second level (brand awareness, brand identity, brand reputation, and brand competitive position) which in turn affected the third level (student satisfaction, student loyalty, and oral student promotion) and the third level affected the fourth level (university brand value, mental image of the brand in society, and brand credibility in society).

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the self-development of faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran, Gilan, and Golestan provinces. The study used an exploratory mixed-methods (quantitative-qualitative) approach in which the quantitative phase was a descriptive survey and the qualitative phase was based on grounded theory. The statistical population included all 2789 faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran, Gilan, and Golestan provinces who are engaged in job duties in 2019. Stratified random sampling method was used, proportional to the volume of each of the three provinces. Data collection tools were standard self-development questionnaires, Scherer et al.'s Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Emer's Professional Commitment Questionnaire, Shuffle et al.’s Job Career Questionnaire, Niehoff & Morman’s Organizational Justice Questionnaire, Allen and Meyer’s Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, and the Group Learning Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used in SPSS statistical software to analyze the research data. According to our results, factors affecting self-development of faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran, Gilan and Golestan provinces include: individual factors (self-efficacy, job conflict, job motivation, professional commitment, need for success, responsibility, psychological empowerment, job resilience, self-actualization, economic/social status, cultural capital), organizational factors (organizational culture, organizational support, organizational justice, organizational commitment) and group factors (group learning).

The present study aims to provide a model of cultural adaptation of Iranian students studying in Russian universities. This research is applied development in terms of purpose, exploratory nixed-methods in terms of data, and cross-sectional survey in nature. The statistical population of this study in the qualitative phase included experts in the field of student cultural adaptation, from whom, 29 were selected as study sample using purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population included the medical students of the University of Sichnova in Russia in 2020, from whom, 278 were selected as a sample using random sampling. The data collection tool in the first phase was qualitative theme analysis (interview), while in the quantitative phase, questionnaires were used for data collection. To analyze the data in the qualitative phase, three steps of open, axial and selective coding were employed using Maxqda software, whereas in the quantitative phase, data analysis was based on structural equation model using Smart-PLS software. The results showed that the following factors have the greatest impact on cultural adaptation of Iranian students studying at Russian universities: individual factors, educational factors, psychological and emotional factors, cultural factors, supportive factors, social factors, communication challenges, interactive factors, previous experiences, and government and bureaucratic interventions. According to the obtained results, a model was proposed for the cultural adaptation of Iranian students studying in Russian universities.

Team Observed Structured Clinical Examination (TOSCE) has been reported as an effective method on formative evaluation resources.  The aim of TOSCE design is to evaluate the performance of learners in a team and it is a tool for evaluating teamwork skills in clinical settings which can increase students' motivation and their learning level. The present study was a semi-experimental interventional study. Fifteen fourth-year undergraduate students of audiology enrolled in this study. To assess the knowledge of studenus, five checklist were prepared for knowledge exam and the validity and reliability of them were evaluated. The total knowledge scores in pre and post tests were 0.50±6.25 and 0.99±8.51, respectively. By comparing the results of pre and post tests, it was found that there was no significant statistical difference between them (P: 0.068), but the data showed that the mean scores of post test in all groups were higher than the pre test. Students' satisfaction was evaluated at the end of TOSCE and it was found that the level of satisfaction was above average (average>3). The results of this study showed that TOSCE has a positive effect on the promotion of knowledge and satisfaction of audiology students and it can help them to have better performance in their clinical practice.

The present study examines the philosophical foundations of the strategic thinking model of Sistan and Baluchestan University managers. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of the nature of data collection, it is a descriptive survey that uses a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) approach. The statistical population in the qualitative phase includes 14 expert faculty members with the scientific rank of associate professor and full professor working at the University of Sistan and Baluchestan. The participants were purposefully selected using snowball technique. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population involved 369 faculty members from 12 faculties of Sistan and Baluchestan University with the academic rank of instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, and full professor. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, 188 faculty members were selected based on their faculty and academic rank using random sampling method. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview in the qualitative phase and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative phase. According to the results, the philosophical foundations of the strategic thinking model of managers at Sistan and Baluchestan University included the following 18 main components: philosophical attitude, systemic and conceptual attitude, foresight, behavioral characteristics, structural factors, academic culture, organizational learning, critical thinking, surrounding environment, organizational conflict, intelligent decision making, organizational structure reform, talent and competency identification, creative strategy design, training of strategic managers, and creating competitive advantage. The results showed that university administrators should have a general understanding of the university environment, and they should be creative and have vision for the future of the organization.

The progress of human beings to discover the unknown of the world and to use acquired knowledge for personal and social development depends on communication and interaction with each other. The basis of this communication which distinguishes humans from animals is language. This study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the language barriers to students. In this scoping review study, studies with any design conducted on language barriers to students' success and published in Persian or English from 2010 to 2020 were searched in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Science Direct, Springer, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, MagIran, SID, Iran Doc, Iran Medex, and Elmnet. Overall, 2347 original articles were found, of which, 13 were included in this review. According to the results of the selected studies, language barriers create three general categories of educational, research, and communication problems. A number of supportive and advisory strategies to overcome these problems have been suggested in some studies. Given the impact of language barriers in almost all areas of student achievement, ethnic and dialect diversity in Iran and the world, and language diversity in educational settings, the results of this study provide a basis for examining students' language problems in order to better identify solutions to overcome these problems.

The aim of this Framework design for influencing the dimensions of experience management in Mazandaran universities of medical sciences). The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of descriptive method. The statistical population of the study included faculty members, visiting professors and faculty members and staff with postgraduate education in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 1400. The sample size was determined non-randomly, using Cochran's formula to 153 people. The data collection method in the present study was library, and the measurement tool included a researcher-made questionnaire, the construct validity of which was confirmed by factor analysis method and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov K-S test was used to normalize the research variables and to answer the research questions, regression analysis and structural equations were used using SPSS22 and LISREL software.The results showed that there is a positive and significant effect between ips and components of experience management in Mazandaran universities of medical sciences. Based on this, it was found that 69% of experience management in Mazandaran universities of medical sciences to the dimensions and components of experience management, which includes four dimensions: 1. Acquisition of experience 2. Formation of experience documentation team, 3. Dissemination of experience 4. Continuity of experience documentation in organization. Is dependent. These dimensions can explain and predict the management of experience in Mazandaran universities of medical sciences.

The purpose of this study was to provide a framework for teaching the effects of Hooshin Connery technique on management skills (Case study: Islamic Azad Universities of Mazandaran Province). The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of descriptive method. The statistical population included members of the faculty of Islamic Azad universities in Mazandaran province. The sample size was determined by multi-stage cluster random sampling of 274 people. The data collection method in the present study was a library, and the measurement tool included a researcher-made questionnaire, the construct validity of which was confirmed by factor analysis method and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov K-S test was used to normalize the research variables and to answer the research questions, regression analysis and structural equations were used using SPSS22 and AMOS software. Findings showed that 55% of managerial skills in the free universities of Mazandaran province are taught the effects of Hooshin Connery technique which includes four dimensions (1. Supplier relationships, 2. Process improvement, 3. Quality measurement 4. Modeling). ‌ Yes, it depends. These dimensions can be managerial skills in the free universities of Mazandaran province, which have six dimensions: 1 (1. technical, 2. human, 3. perceptual, 4. communication, 5. teamwork skills, 6. Innovative skills). Explain and predict.

The purpose of this study was to design a teaching model based on emotional intelligence in higher education in Khorasan provinces (North, Razavi, South). This research was conducted with a mixed exploratory approach (qualitative and quantitative). The community was in the qualitative part of the faculty members of higher education in Khorasan provinces (North, Razavi and South). Sampling method was available and the sample size reached 15 people after reaching the theoretical saturation. The statistical population in a small part included undergraduate students of all fields in higher education in Khorasan provinces. The sample size was 350 based on Cochran's formula. Data collection in the qualitative section was done through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and qualitative findings were obtained by content analysis method and LISREL software. Data collection was quantitative through a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 26 items and 5 factors, the content validity of which was evaluated and confirmed by citing faculty members and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.75. Then a questionnaire was distributed and after collection, the data were analyzed using SPSS software. One-sample t-test was used to identify the components, factor analysis was used for the proposed model. The results showed that the proposed model of teaching based on emotional intelligence has 5 factors; Self-knowledge is emotional interaction, collective relations, self-management and self-motivation. Which together explain 77% of the total variance of the teaching structure based on emotional intelligence