Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences and Research
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Dec 2021

The rapid and unprecedented outbreak of the Coronavirus (COVID-19), whichspread rapidly around the world in late 2019, prompted the World HealthOrganization to declare a public health emergency, which soon became aninternational public health concern. The concerns are especially more seriousin people with certain diseases, such as diabetes. The need to quarantine andthe preservation of social distances lead to further inactivity and, thus, morehealth consequences. Children are among those affected by quarantining andthe resulting inactivity. Although children were initially thought to be lessaffected by COVID-19, those with certain conditions or diseases, such as type 1diabetes, could be particularly vulnerable. It is necessary to maintain physicalactivity and regular exercise which, in addition to reducing the consequencesof inactivity, can lead to better control of blood glucose in children with type 1diabetes. This review article investigated the need for regular physical activityin children with type 1 diabetes who were quarantined during the COVID-19outbreak. For this purpose, the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databaseswere searched for relevant articles published up to September 2021, and articlesidentified based on the search keywords were reviewed.

COVID-19 seems to have a major impact on physical activity behaviors, especially for people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) who have healthconditions. 

This study was a narrative review. Six databases, namely PubMed, ISIWeb of Knowledge, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ProQuest, weresearch for relevant published studies.

Healthcare providers and organizations advise people to stay at home,but this does not mean that they should be inactive. Self-isolation has an adverseeffect on behavior activities and mental health in people with MS. Physical activity can act as medicine for people with MS, as it helps reduce stress, anxiety,and fatigue while improving balance, muscle strength, flexibility, and quality of life.

People with MS are recommended to perform activities such as whole-body chair exercises with moderate intensity at least 150 minutes perweek according to the level of the individual’s ability.

The hearing system can detect the location of the sound source and help uspay attention to it. In the presence of the background noise, it helps detectingthe desired signal (especially speech) and comprehend it. This ability is calledspatial hearing processing. Spatial hearing processing disorder can adverselyaffect signal detection in noise, which is very important in the elderly. The aimof the present paper was reviewing the spatial hearing processing disorder andits ‘rehabilitation methods in Iran for the elderly.In this narrative paper, theoretically, all papers on spatial hearing processingdisorder and its’ rehabilitation methods among the elderly in Iran from 2000to February 2021 were collected. The papers with the following keywords inMedline, Google scholar, Proquest, science direct, Scopus, and Magiran werestudied after discarding duplicated papers: spatial stream, binaural advantage,spatial release of masking, spatial hearing segregation, rehabilitation, aging,elderly, speech in noise, localization, training, and Iran.Aging adversely affects the spatial hearing processing and especially in complexenvironments, so rehabilitation of spatial hearing disorders can potentiallyimprove comprehending speech in noise for the elderly. The results of thisstudy showed that there is absolutely necessary to develop different rehabitationprograms for different elderly groups base on their needs.

The current study investigated lexical effects on the recognitionof spoken words in Persian-speaking children with hearing impairment usingPersian lexical neighborhood tests (PLNTs).

The research was administered as a cross-sectional study. PLNTswere performed on thirty-three pediatric hearing aid (HAs) or cochlear implant(CIs) users by sound field under spectrally degraded conditions. Thirteen 7-to-13-year-old (8 boys and 5 girls) participants completed the experiments, whichwere administered in a 3 × 4-m acoustic room using a sound field. The order ofthe tests in each session was from the lowest to the highest signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs), ranging from − 2 to 4 dB. The experiments were repeated by the sameexaminers under the same conditions two months later with nine of the thirteenparticipants.

Pediatric users of HAs or CIs could not optimally recognize spokenwords in noise, specifically when they had to recognize words through anauditory-only modality. There was a significant difference in the participants’SWR performance on the PMLNT-easy versus the PMLNT-hard and the PDLNTeasyversus the PDLNT-hard based on independent samples T test (P<0.001).There was a significant difference in the participants’ SWR performance on thePMLNT-easy versus the PDLNT-easy and the PMLNT-hard versus the PDLNThardbased on the independent samples T test as well (P<0.001). Accordingly,word lexical difficulty (easy/hard words) and word length (monosyllabic/disyllabic words) were the most fundamental factors having significant effectson the recognition of spoken words in children with HAs or CIs in the test/retest phases.

The PLNTs, as a valid assessment toolkit, can be reliably used tomeasure SWR performance under spectrally degraded conditions in Persianspeakingchildren with hearing impairment using HAs or CIs.

This study aims at investigation of the effectiveness of selfcompassiontraining on parenting stress of mothers with visually impairedchildren.

This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest interventionand a control group. The statistical population of the study included motherswith visually impaired children in Isfahan. Thirty mothers between eighteenand forty years old were selected using purposefully and convenient sampling.Subjects were matched in two groups of 15 intervention and control membersbased on the pre-test score of parenting stress. The intervention group receivedself-compassion training intervention for eight weeks and the control group didnot receive training during this period and was placed on a waiting list. Thequestionnaire used in this study was the parenting stress index. The findingswere analyzed using analysis of covariance by SPSS-23 software.

The results showed that self-compassion training significantly reducedparenting stress in the experimental group compared to the control group(P=0.002). Also, in terms of parenting stress in childhood, the mean scores inthe experimental group decreased significantly after intervention compared tothe control group (P=0.018). In terms of parenting stress among parents, themean scores in the experimental group decreased significantly after interventioncompared to the scores in the control group (P=0.0001).

Since parenting is associated with stress and parents of visuallyimpaired children suffer more stress, self-compassion training can play animportant role in reducing their parenting stress.

Although discourse properties of aphasic patients have beeninvestigated utilizing microlinguistic as well as macrolinguistic approaches, therehave been only a few studies in the Persian setting which have tried to investigatediscourse properties of these brain-damaged patients. Previous researchers haveconcentrated mainly on the two most notorious types of aphasia, namely Brocaand Wernicke. Thus, the coherence properties of transcortical motor patientshave never been given serious consideration by scientists. The current studyaimed to investigate whether and how transcortical aphasia patients differ fromtheir healthy counterparts in the cohesive properties of their discourse with theaim of presenting an exhaustive account of the issue and filling the gap existingin the literature.

In doing so, via mixed-methods approach, cohesive devices in thediscourse of six transcortical motor aphasics (3 participants of each gender,mean age, 56.9 years) and 6 healthy non-aphasic controls (3 participants of eachgender, mean age=57.4 years) were compared.

The results corroborate our hypotheses that the discourse oftranscortical aphasics is less cohesive than that of healthy individuals, and theyhave lots of challenges in constructing grammatically cohesive devices.

The findings further demonstrate that discourse could be differentlydisrupted in diverse forms of aphasia. It is recommended that more research beconducted on different languages so as to shed more light on the issue, enrichingour understanding of the nature of this disease.

Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease and aleading cause of disability in old age. The present study aims to analyze thestability of standing with and without perturbation in patients with moderateknee osteoarthritis.

Twenty-eight people (14 men with knee osteoarthritis and 14 healthyindividuals) were evaluated for postural control in this observational crosssectionalstudy. In standing tests, the effects of disease (osteoarthritis vs.healthy), vision (open vs. closed eyes), and support condition (quiet standing vs.on the unstable plate) on balance were studied.

The results showed that the presence of knee osteoarthritis significantlyreduced the root mean square of hip joint flexion in patients compared to thecontrol group (P= .024). The elimination of vision and reducing the base ofsupport by standing on an unstable plate led to local instability in the joints closeto the perturbation, especially the ankle (p <0.001). The center of pressure dataalso showed that the mean (P=0.034) and variability (P=0.003) of the anteriorposteriorexcursion was significantly higher in patients. Patients with kneeosteoarthritis are more vulnerable to falling on an unstable plate.

The body uses a postural stiffening strategy to prevent fallingforward, especially on an unstable plate, and postural adjusting in the mediolateraldirection. In rehabilitative treatments to prevent falls based on the sensoryre-organization plans, e.g., rocking board, foam standing, game therapy, etc., itmay be more efficient to focus on the distal joint muscles.

Poor executive functions are potentially risky for psychopathologyand can reduce response to treatment. This study aimed to investigate themoderating role of executive functions in the relationship between anxiety anddepression symptoms and response to drug therapy.

The correlation method was used in this study. The statisticalpopulation was adult outpatients with anxiety disorders and depression whoreferred to psychiatric clinics of Bojnourd city. One hundred and sixty-fourparticipants completed the Outcome Questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory,and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function.

The findings showed that problems of executive functions and anxietyand depression symptoms predicted weak response to treatment (P<0.0001).The results of moderating regression analysis showed that problems of executivefunctions significantly moderate the relationship of anxiety symptoms andresponse to treatment (P<0.0001), while they do not significantly moderate therelationship between depression symptoms and response to treatment (P>0.05).The results further showed that a longer course of disease and the comorbidity ofdepression and anxiety reduce the response to treatment (P<0.05).

Poor performance in executive functions, a longer course ofdisease, and the comorbidity of anxiety and depression disorders can reduce theresponse to treatment in patients.