Journal of Surgery and Trauma
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Winter 2021

Considering the increasing prevalence of myopia and the subsequent complications, and due to the dearth of studies on the correlation between myopia and gender with corneal thickness in Iran, this study aimed to determine this relationship in patients admitted to the ophthalmic clinic of Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Birjand, Iran.

This descriptive-analytic epidemiologic study was conducted on 100 patients admitted to Vali-e-Asr ophthalmic clinic in Birjand, Iran, for one year since January 2017. According to the degree of myopia, the patients were divided into three groups of low (0-3 D), moderate (3-6 D), and high myopia (6≤D). Corneal thickness was measured using Orbscan and Pentacam. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 19) through ANOVA and T-test to determine the possible relationship between myopia and central corneal thickness. A p-value equal to and less than (P≤0.05) was considered statistically significant.

Overall, 100 patients (49 males and 51 females) were enrolled in this study. Moderate myopia had the highest frequency in both eyes. The results of the T-test revealed that no significant difference was observed in the mean corneal thickness measured by Pentacam between the two genders (P=0.18 in the right eye and P=0.32 in the left eye). Based on the ANOVA findings, the mean corneal thickness measured by Pentacam was not significantly different among the myopia categories (P=0.05 in the right eye and P=0.51 in the left eye)

The study results revealed that there was no significant relationship between myopia and gender with corneal thickness.

Infections caused by surgeries have always been considered a primary concern of medical centers and are associated with irreversible complications. Using appropriate sterilization procedures reduces these complications. This study aimed to investigate how compliant are the current sterilization procedures of operating room (OR) environment and instruments with valid scientific standards.

This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study examined ophthalmology, gynecology, and otorhinolaryngology ORs of Valiasr Hospital in Birjand. With the presence of the researcher in the OR, a standard 41-item checklist consisting of three parts (environmental cleaning, equipment cleaning, and sterilization procedure) was completed for each OR in each shift. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test by SPSS(Version18) in significant level (a=0.05).

A total of 50 questionnaires were filled out for ORs. The highest number of questionnaires were completed for the gynecology OR, and the most elective surgeries were performed in the morning shift. There was no significant difference between the median score of OR instruments cleaning and that of valid scientific guidelines in terms of steralization (P> 0.05). The median scores of sterilization procedures and steps in hospital ORs were significantly different from those of scientific guidelines in the field of sterilization of surgical operations (P <0.05).

The study findings indicate cases of mismatch between the quality of infection control and sterilization in the ORs of Vali-asar Hospital in Birjand and those recommended by valid scientific standards and guidelines.

Injuries are the causes of irreparable damages and costs in urban and rural settings. Preventive procedures are effective if correct related information is gathered and provided. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the injury patterns and related factors in a large teaching hospital.

The current cross-sectional study was conducted at Edalatian Emergency Center, Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. All study subjects were extracted from the Hospital Information System (HIS).The demographic characteristics and injuries-related factors of 6,350 patients were extracted from the HIS. The extracted variables were emergency severity index (ESI), type of referral, referral reason, insurance organizations, age, anatomic site of injuries, and month of referral. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21) using the descriptive statistics method (frequency and percentage).

The majority of the study population was composed of males (%76.4). In total, 98.3% of the patients were classified into the semi-urgent and non-urgent levels, and 75.6% of the cases were affected in the right upper extremity. The most common age group was between 10-20 (69.4%) years, and the majority of the cases were admitted in June, July, and August.

The current study determined the pattern and most important reasons for injuries' referral to an emergency department. Accordingly, the injuries were more frequent in the young people and active human force in our community. Furthermore, there was a significant difference among the frequencies of injury incidence in the summer holidays. It seems necessary to develop preventive procedures for injuries.

Lacrimal drainage system disorders are among the most common ocular disorders faced by physicians. The prevalence of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is different in various studies, and the role of such factors as maternal and neonatal demographic characteristics have not been completely investigated in CNLDO. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of CNLDO and its related factors in newborns in Sabzevar.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 541 newborns in Shahidan Mobini hospital, Sabzevar, Iran from January to February 2015 after obtaining informed consent from their parents. Data were collected by interviewing mothers, filling out checklists, and physical examination of the newborns. Data analysis was carried out in Stata software using a logistic regression test at a 95% confidence interval.

The prevalence of CNLDO was 22.6%. Purulent ocular discharge was the most common symptom (16.82%). There was a significant relationship between the neonate’s head circumference and the incidence of CNLDO (P= 0.01); nonetheless, CNLDO in the newborns showed no significant association with weight, height, and Apgar score (P>0.05).

Considering the significant prevalence of CNLDO in preterm and term neonates, as well as its variable prevalence rates reported in different studies and the absence of overlapping of various risk factors of such disorder, it is recommended to carry out more thorough studies from birth to 1 year of age.

Autotransplantation is a viable option for treating teeth with severe decay when a donor tooth is available. Our case was a 29-year-old female that her mandibular second molar was non restorable due to extensive root caries. After extraction of mandibular second molar, the mandibular third molar was reimplanted into the recipient site. Root canal therapy was done for the third molar after two weeks.After15 months, clinical and radiographic examination revealed satisfactory outcome with no signs or symptoms suggestive of pathology.

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) usually affects minor salivary glands. It rarely occurs in major salivary glands. HCCCis difficult to diagnose in Fine Needle Aspiration cytology (FNAC). The possibility of metastasis from other primary sites should be rejected during the management of these tumors. An elderly manpresented with insidious onset, and gradual progressive painless swelling arising from the deep lobe of the parotid gland. FNAC, which was performedtwice with UltrasoundGuidance(USG), could not provide much detail about the type of tumor. Total conservative parotidectomy was conducted. These rare tumors cause significant challenges to physicians. Thehigh index of suspicion and combined efforts ofthe multidisciplinary team are pivotal in management.