پژوهشنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
پیاپی 23 (بهار 1399)

The dispersion of the study results reveals the need for a systematic review of research on mental health determinants in order to achieve a relatively comprehensive picture of the findings and challenges of the study. The purpose of this study is to identify and classify the variables related to mental health in Iranian society. The main question of the study is that in domestic research in 2006-2010, the subject of mental health has been considered by social science researchers in relation to what variables? Systematic review of 30 selected research articles shows that mental health is affected by 36 variables in four types of social, cultural, contextual and psychological, the product of social and cultural conditions. Social variables have the highest frequency in 36.6% of cases and psychological variables in 23.4% of cases have the least importance among the authors of the reviewed studies. This result indicates the importance of social conditions and confirms the global scientific findings regarding the greater share of social determinants - than individual and psychological determinants - in health and disease, and in particular health and mental illness. Cultural and contextual variables each separately in 30% of studies have attracted the attention of researchers. Lack of executive solution in studies, refusal of domestic researchers to use qualitative and interpretive methods, and disregard for the type of relationship between political structure and components with mental health are among the most central aspects neglected in the reviewed research.

Violence has been a global issue that has always been the focus of scholars. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health-based lifestyle and domestic violence. In this survey, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure domestic violence and a standardized questionnaire by Lali and Abedi (2012) was used to measure health-based lifestyle. For this purpose and in order to find out the relationship between health-based lifestyle and domestic violence based on Cochran formula, 384 married women in Yazd city were surveyed using a multi-stage cluster sampling and questionnaire. The results also showed that among all aspects of health-based lifestyle (physical health, exercise and health, weight and nutrition control, disease prevention, psychological health, spiritual health, social health, drug and substance avoidance, accident prevention, and environmental health). There was a significant inverse relationship between housework and women. The results showed that two important aspects of health-focused lifestyle were highlighted. One is weight control and nutrition and the other is exercise and wellbeing. Basically, women who exercise, even if they are subjected to violence, can better maintain their morale and continue to seek new solutions to prevent violence.

None Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in child labour, work with an expanded vulnerable children group. This organizations play a vital role in optimal development and nurturing of child labour as well as in restoration and rehabilitation of them. This study aimed to design and provide a social service administration model to work with children labour. A qualitative study based on thematic analysis was used in this research. We used a semi-structured, in-depth interviews, focous groups and participant observation to gather the data.The participants in this study were (a) administers, experts or practitioners, and volunteers who were active in related to NGOs in Tehran (21 people) and (b) Children labour that were members of Tehran NGOs (9 children). A thematic analysis was used in this study and finally we reached to three main themes: (a) Knowledge based assisstance, (b) Participatory regulation system, and (c) Wisdom based utilization through community capacities. In conclusion, in line with related theories, we tried to see the relation between different themes in this study and present a social service administration model in working with child labour. We invite more research on how this social service administration model can be used in NGOs and working on children labour.

Most psychologists believe that happiness is having too much of pleasant emotions and too less of unpleasant ones, but according to Aristotle, humans are happy if they have the emotions that they want to have, even if those emotions are unpleasant. With the purpose of examining this theory of Aristotle, the present study tested the hypothesis that the discrepancy between the emotions that the individual have and the emotions that he wants to have, has a positive correlation with depression and a negative correlation with well-being. In a correlational design, a call for participation in this study was sent to 30,000 subscribers of the Hamrahe Avval and Irancell in Tehran, and 1410 (564 men) people with an average age of 26 years participated in the study. The research tools were a researcher-made questionnaire to measure the desired and experienced emotions, the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Correlation and regression analyses showed that the absolute discrepancy between desired and experienced emotions (which showed that how much each participant has experienced his/her desired emotions), can predict more depression and less well being, even in participants that experienced more pleasant and less unpleasant emotions than they desired, and even after statistically controlling experienced emotions. Therefore, happiness is not just the pleasant emotions, but any emotion, if desired, can increase our happiness.

meaning they give to Piggybacking . For this purpose, the Grounded theory and semi-structured interview technique have been used. The sample was selected from Saqez. Sampling was purposive and 21 case were selected to reach theoretical saturation. Interviews are encoded in the form of 125 concepts, 17 major categories and one nuclear category. Major categories include "group membership and group commitment", "special group ritual", "physical hazards", "mental harm", "Social isolation and exclusion", "reaction to labels", "natural hazards", "abnormal dangers", "poverty and economic pressure", "social distrust", "easy access and acceptance"," justification and legitimacy of your work", "skill and ability to control risks", "tendency to quit", "weaken Traditional production", cross-border ethnic and family interaction and specific characteristics. Categories in the form of a paradigm model are categorized based on three dimensions of causation, strategies and outcomes. The core category extracted is "Piggybacking a risky profession in the strait of underdeveloped borders ".

The phenomenon of aging and its social and personal challenges are among the topics that have been paid more attention by researchers today due to the growing population of the elderly. One of these aspects is the psychological well-being of these people as an indicator of quality of life that is tied to various factors, including factors that are especially prominent in old age, spirituality and attitude towards death, whether the elderly person with a fear and avoidance attitude or Acceptance and compromise to face the phenomenon of death and also what effects a person's spirituality has on his psychological well-being, is the subject of the present study. 182 elderly people participated in this study by available sampling method. Three valid scales of Attitude Towards Death Profile, Reef Psychological Well-Being, Parsian Spirituality Questionnaire were used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires in the present study were reviewed and confirmed. According to the analyzes, the results of multiple regression showed that the variables of spirituality and attitude toward death-avoidance are strong predictors of psychological well-being. The negative and significant relationship between attitudes toward death-avoidance and psychological well-being indicates that despite the fact that in the elderly, especially in support and coverage centers, the phenomenon of denial of death and escape from death-related issues is being institutionalized as accepted; But it reduces the psychological well-being of these people. On the other hand, spirituality is a positive factor in the sense of well-being of the elderly that should be considered.