نشریه عصب روانشناسی بالینی ورزشی
سال دوم شماره 1 (زمستان 1400)

Fear is an exaggerated, unreasonable, constant, and excessive concern for situations and objects. During the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic many people, unfortunately, became infected, and some died. Many people who recovered from COVID-19 have many physical and psychological issues; the fear of corona as germophobia is one of these concerns. This study aimed to investigate the association of depression, anxiety, and emotional regulation with the fear of corona in improved people from COVID-19 in Tehran.

The present study was a descriptive correlation method. The population includes people who recovered from corona habited in Tehran in 2021. From them, 125 participants were selected by the convenience sampling method. The participants completed the Germophobia Questionnaire (Alavizadeh et al., 2021), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation (CER) questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS) (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1998). Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the three components of cognitive emotion regulation (rumination, catastrophe, and perception and perspective) and the fear of corona have a significant relationship, and its other components (self-blame, acceptance of circumstances, the blame of others, positive refocus on planning, positive reassessment) were not significant. There is a positive relationship between rumination and catastrophic perception and fear of corona and a negative association with perception and fear of corona. The results indicate the relationship between anxiety and depression with the degree of fear of corona

Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to mental health professionals consider the important role of anxiety, depression, and emotion regulation in the fear of corona in people who recovered from corona by teaching emotion regulation skills to people recovered from corona, probably their mental health can be improved.

 Addiction is one of the four major global crises. Young people in the scholarly period are susceptible to high-risk behaviors due to more participation in their peers' groups, including substance use. Sports and exercise are considered protective factors. However, athletes also sometimes engage in drug-related behaviors. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional self-regulation, self-efficacy, and resilience with the addiction potential in Qom students.

 This research is a correlational study. By the convenience sampling method, 384 students (128 female) from Qom universities in Iran were selected. Affective Style Questionnaire (Hofmann & Kashdan, 2010), Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer & Adams, 1983), resilience (Connor & Davidson, 2003), and addiction potential scale (Weed & Butcher, 1992) were distributed among the population for data collection. In analyzing the data, hierarchical regression and SPSS 26 software have been used.

 The results of this study showed that the addiction potential with emotional self-regulation, self-efficacy, and resilience has a significant and negative correlation, and also the results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that adapting among emotional styles with resilience had the greatest effect on reducing the addiction potential, so that adaptation alone 4% of variance tended to drug use and resilience. Alone, 3% of the variance explains the substance use tendency. Finally, studies demonstrated that there are significant positive relationship between gender and sport activity with addiction potential.

 The results of the research showed that emotional self-regulation, self-efficacy, and resilience as protective factors in reducing drug use in students, and their cultivation could be reducing the addiction potential in students.

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak has caused a severe crisis in the world. Authorities in different countries had been forced to enact laws to prevent its spread, which has led to many psychological and interpersonal injuries. Physical activity is known as one of the influential factors in improving the physical and mental condition of people; Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aerobic exercise on corona anxiety and interpersonal communication skills in working women aged 30-40 years with COVID-19 in Tehran.

The present study is an experimental study with a pre-test-post-test with a control group design. The general population studied in this study included all working women aged 30 to 40 years in Tehran who were working in 2022. The sample consisted of 60 working women aged 30 to 40 years in Tehran who were selected from the 2nd district of Tehran by available and voluntary sampling method. Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (Alipour et al., 2020), and the youth development competencies scale (Fetro, Rhodes, Hey, 2010) were used to collect data.

Based on the findings, the mean of the experimental group in the components of interpersonal communication skills (development and maintenance of communication, empathy, communication skills, and conflict resolution) has increased sharply after aerobic exercise, and the average score of anxiety has decreased.

The results indicate that aerobic exercise is a suitable method to reduce corona anxiety and improve interpersonal communication skills of working women with coronavirus disease.

Assertiveness ability improves psychological-social skills, academic achievement, and self-esteem. Emotional self-regulation causes identifying emotions in people and helps them to succeed in academic achievement and social interactions. Student-teacher relationship quality has a major in regulating emotions and improving academic achievement and social interactions. Thus. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of student–sports teacher relationship quality in the relation between emotional self-regulation and assertiveness of secondary school students in Kerman city.

This descriptive-correlation study based on the structural equations model (SEM) was conducted among students (N=900) secondary school students in Kerman city during the 2020-2021 years. The participants were selected by two-stage cluster random sampling. A total of 270 students participated in this study. They were randomly selected from five all-girl schools and five all-boy schools, one class for each school. The participants completed the student-teacher relationship questionnaire (Murray and Zvoch, 2011), emotional self-regulation questionnaire (Hofmann and Kashdan, 2010), and assertiveness questionnaire (Gambril and Rigi, 1975). The SPSS-23 and AMOS-23 were used to analyze the data.

The results indicate that emotional self-regulation predicted directly %47 variances, indirectly %22, and a totally %69 variance of assertiveness. Student–sports teacher relationship quality directly predicted %43 of the variance of the assertiveness. Bootstrapping test confirmed the mediating role of student–sports teacher relationship quality in the relation between emotional self-regulation and the assertiveness of secondary school students in Kerman city. The results confirmed the proposed model by indexes of Chi-square=1.47, P-value=%071, RMSEA=0.042, RMR=0.088. The CFI, GFI, and NFI >%.90 were also appropriate. In sum, emotional self-regulation had positive effects on assertiveness by mediating the role of student–sports teacher relationship quality in secondary school students in Kerman city.

We suggest emotional self-regulation and student–sports teacher relationship quality will be considered to improve the students' assertiveness.

 Depression and anxiety are two common signs of many mental disorders. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was developed to help patients with traumatic brain injury. This stud aimed to determine the effectiveness of tDCS on depression and anxiety of a person with major depressive disorder.

This is a true experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population of the study included persons with MDD. The sample included 30 women with MDD in the 5th district of Tehran; they were selected with the purposive sample method. They completed Beck’s depression inventory-II (Beck et al.; 1996) and Beck’s anxiety inventory (Beck et al.; 1989) in pretest and posttest. The experimental group received ten sessions of tDCS. Data were analyzed with two samples T-tests in SPSS-26.

 The results indicate that the mean differences in the pretest-posttest of depression and anxiety were higher in the tDCS experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05).

 It is concluded that the tDCS can reduce the depression and anxiety of women with MDD.

 Adolescence is a sensitive and stressful period; adolescents may exaggeratedly perceive stress; adolescent athletes also experience competition stress. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of compassion focused therapy (CFT) on the perceived stress of adolescent volleyball players.

 This research is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design. The participants were 16 young volleyball players from Tehran that they were selected by convenience smapling method. They completed the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (Cohen et al., 1983). Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance.

 The results showed that the CFT is an effective method for the perceived stress of adolescent volleyball players (p<0.05).

 It can be concluded that CFT can reduce the perceived stress of adolescent volleyball players.

 The spread of the coronavirus has caused a severe crisis in the world and has caused many psychological and emotional damages. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the desensitization method with eye movements and reprocessing (EMDR) on anxiety and controlling negative emotions regarding the covid-19 disease.

 The present research method is quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the research was women referring to Akbar Abad Health Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. From the current population, a sample size of 30 people was selected by the purposive sampling method. They were randomly assigned to two groups (15 participants in each group). The state-trait anxiety questionnaire (Spilberger et al., 1983) and the emotional regulation questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003) were used to collect data. In addition, the experimental group received EMDR (Shapiro, 2017).

 The results showed that the EMDR method significantly reduced anxiety and controlled negative emotions regarding the covid-19 disease (p<0.05).

 It is concluded that with the EMDR method, anxiety and negative emotions can be improved.

 Language, the most important means for sharing information between sport psychologist and athletes, has a fundamental role in conceptualizing the issues and formulating interventions. Due to perceptual limitations, initial changes naturally occur in the meaning of the sensory information that enters the nervous system. The second stage of transforming meanings occurs when the clients interpret the received information and verbalize it. This paper aims to evaluate the implications of spoken language in the transformational grammar approach to improve sports performance by gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the clients and increasing the effectiveness of the interventions.

 This paper is a commentary on the role of language in counseling sport psychology.

 This paper introduces the use of transformational grammar and clearing meanings in language.

 Clearing the meanings of the language that athletes use in counseling sessions would contribute to a comprehensive understating of the actual difficulties that athletes face. Also, clearing language may prepare the ground for achieving the goals of the particular intervention through raising self-awareness and reframing thoughts.