فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی ورزش و جوانان
پیاپی 54 (زمستان 1400)

The study is to design and prepare entrepreneurship human resources management system algorithm in Ministry of Sport and Youth, which it implemented with qualitative method and basic- discovering nature according to data-based pattern and constructivist survey. The statistical society included all managers of sport and Youth ministry, sport and Youth head offices and university masters, who were selected by snowball sampling and based on depth interviews with 28 persons. The data analysis was done in Open Coding, Axial Coding and Selective Coding. Then, the study qualitative model was designed. In this research to design an entrepreneurial human resource management system, 11 main categories and 29 subcategories was identified. 4 causal conditions (organizational capability, value creation and resource-based entrepreneurial human resource, feeling distrustful of traditional human resource management, necessity logistical management), 7 context conditions (positive attitude of managers towards entrepreneurship, threats and opportunities, coordination between  HRM  strategies with the grand strategies of the Ministry of Sport and Youth, Strengths and weaknesses, Ministry focus on entrepreneurial variables, dynamics and competitiveness of the environment, personality traits and individual factors), 5 intervening conditions(structural barriers, contextual barriers, behavioral barriers, criterion conversion to rationalism, Anti-motivational factors), 4 strategies(redesign the overall organizational structure to be agile and meet the needs of entrepreneurial employees, redesign the structure of human resource management, development of organizational processes to support human resource entrepreneurship, take advantage of identified opportunities and operational plans) were identified in the form of a paradigm model. So, it is proper utilization of human resources‏ ‏in order to create and develop ‎entrepreneurship improves in the Ministry of Sports and Youth, ‎ improving the performance ‎of the organization, human resource development‏ ‏and improvement of customers.

The study is to identify and locating the ecosystem microsystems of entrepreneurship in the country's sports industry. The research method was qualitative and carried out in five stages. In the first stage, documentary research method was used to identify the current status of entrepreneurship in sport as well as to identify the influential factors in the sports entrepreneurship ecosystem. In the second phase, the other ecosystems of entrepreneurship (startup ecosystems, agriculture and tourism) were adapted. In the third phase, a Semi-structured interview was conducted with 20 experts, and analyzed by the Grounded Theory of data from the interviews. In the fourth stage, based on the information of the three preceding stages, effective micro-systems were identified in the entrepreneurship ecosystem in sport and the proposed framework of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in sport was developed along with the micro-systems. In the final stage,  with using the two-step Delphi method, the designed model of entrepreneurship ecosystem was validated in the sport and the position and role of each of the micro-systems was confirmed with respect to the subsystems and main elements. The ecosystem of entrepreneurship in the country has faced many challenges and it is only in the case of all-round attention to all factors involved in the ecosystem within a comprehensive framework that we can provide suitable conditions for the development of entrepreneurial activities in the sports industry. Therefore, the framework outlined in this study can be used as a roadmap for creating an optimal ecosystem of sports entrepreneurship.

The study is to identify the challenges of inter-organizational partnership in sports in order to implement sports programs for development and peace. The research method was descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose and Delphi technique was used to collect the data. 25 experts with executive positions in sports organizations were selected by targeted non-random methods, and Delphi's technique continued for up to 3 rounds to establish a theoretical agreement between them. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and Kendall's W nonparametric test was used to examine the theoretical agreement between the experts. Finally, the research findings identified 22 challenges related to inter-organizational partnership in the implementation of sports programs for development and peace, the most important of which are the lack of a coherent organization for development and peace programs, costly and time consuming projects, Sports for development and peace, officials' distrust of the impact of sport on development and peace, lack of recognition of development and peace programs and lack of awareness among officials and employees of sports organizations about sports programs for development and peace. It is hoped that the country's sports authorities, using the results of this research, will provide the ground for the partnership of sports organizations in the implementation of sports programs for development and peace.

The study is to identify the factors affecting the formation of corruption in Iran professional sports. The research method was qualitative (Grounded Theory). The data was collected and analyzed through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 19 experts (university professors, sports club managers, deputies of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, presidents of sports federations, athletes and members of the media) and performed by coding process (Open coding, Axial and Selective). After theoretical saturation and completing the findings, the model was designed with a systematic approach. The results showed that after step-by-step coding, 254 non-duplicate initial codes were obtained which were classified into 40 categories. It can be said that the formation of corruption in Iranian professional sports is based on various factors. Therefore, when the mechanism of action of these factors is properly identified and diagnosed, we can reach to scientific growth and prevent the formation of corruption in professional sports in Iran. According to the results, it is suggested that federations and even sports clubs establish a clear monitoring system on the performance of coaches, referees, athletes and managers. Also, considering some causes of corruption in professional sports in Iran like existence of legal grounds, complex regulations, ambiguous laws and other similar cases, it is recommended to formulate professional sports laws and policies based on existing international laws.

The study is to identify the factors affecting the stabilization of wrestling in the Olympic Games. The present research is based on the applied purpose, in terms of qualitative methodology using data foundation theory, based on the emerging method. The statistical population of this study was the published documents on the topic of factors affecting the stabilization of wrestling in the Olympic Games and views of 19 experts (university faculty members, vice president of the Wrestling Federation, secretary of the Wrestling Federation, coaches of the Iranian national wrestling team and experts Ship). The sampling was done purposefully and continued until the interviews reached the theoretical saturation stage. The data was collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The validity of the study was confirmed based on the criteria of “acceptability”, “transferability” and “verifiability”. Also, 85% reliability was reported. The data analysis was performed using Max Kyoda software version 2018. The results showed that three factors can be effective in stabilizing the position of wrestling in the Olympic Games: 1) stabilization barriers, 2) facilitators and 3) developers were identified. It can be said that with a view such as raising the excitement of competitions, passing new rules and regulations, the development of this sport among children and adolescents and the development of wrestling in emerging countries by the World Wrestling Federation can minimize these obstacles and facilitate the way for agents. Provided to eventually lead to development factors and pave the way for the consolidation of the position of wrestling in the Olympic Games.

Understanding issues and problems of sport requires a scientific, experimental and developmental viewpoint. The study is to explore the effective factors in the development of chess in Iran with international approach. The used research method was survey and exploratory and the required information was obtained using documentary studies and interviews with experts. The statistical population of the study contained university professors with specialization in chess in different levels and national and international levels. The sampling method was theoretical and the interview protocol tool was used to reach the theoretical saturation with experts (17 interviews with 14 people). Also, the reliability of the interviews was obtained by re-test method (0/83). In total, the data were identified and categorized using open, pivot and selective coding, which includes 22 open codes, 7 pivot codes and 4 selective codes. In general, there were 4 main concepts of development of chess in Iran with international approach including implementing a desirable model of development, globalization, technology and sport diplomacy which attention to the above factors would lead to the development of chess in international level.

Succession is considered as a planning to identify, appoint and replace competent people in key positions to advance the goals of the organization. The study is to design a native model of succession management in the Ministry of Sport and Youth through qualitative and exploratory-fundamental research method. The research data were collected through the purposive sampling with snow ball technique and by semi-structured interviews with 19 academic experts and individuals with managerial experiences in the Ministry of Sport and Youth. The data which were analyzed in two stages of real coding and theoretical coding, designed the grounded model.The results showed that for implementation of succession for initial context, a set of requirements, including culture, support and commitment of senior managers, transparency in affairs of management of human resources, legal requirements, economic support, establishment of a meritocracy system is required. In addition, the necessary executive measures were classified in six stages, respectively, including identification of the promoters, the determination of succession committee, the identification of key posts, the determination of the entering of individuals to the succession plan, assessment and selection of candidates, and enablers of candidates. Finally, it has been found that the talented employees can be identified by deployment of succession planning.

In recent decades, there has been an increase in awareness about the value of the success of championship and Olympic sports among countries and governments. Therefore, the present study was developed by PCA method with the aim of identifying the factors affecting a successful strategic plan in Olympic sports federations. The method of the study was a survey and the statistical population included all managers, employees, officials, chiefs, secretary general, vice president and staff experts of the Iranian Olympic sports federations that 143 people were randomly selected as a sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of 31 questions that was designed based on interviews with experts and theoretical foundations based on qualitative analysis. Its face and content validity were examined by sports management professors. The construct validity of the questionnaire was KMO = 0/792 and the reliability was calculated to be 0/89 by Cronbach's alpha method. Descriptive test (mean, standard deviation) and inferential test (Friedman, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis) were used to analyze the data using SPSS and AMOS software version 24.The results of factor analysis showed 5 factors were identified as effective indicators on a successful strategic plan in the Olympic sports federations, which is about 54/096% of the variances were included: 1- Development of operational plan (23/275), 2- Correct evaluation of the internal environment of the organization (9/445), 3- Correct evaluation of the external environment of the organization (8/365), 4- Development Strategies, instructions and processes (6/924), 5 - method without missions, goals, plans (6/086). According to the obtained results, in order to succeed and continue the strategic plan, the factors identified in this study should be examined and considered by managers and officials.

The study is to identify the challenges to physical education and sports development in Yazd province. Therefore, sport in the province was divided into four categories: sport for all, professional and vocational, women’s and educational sports. The research samples were 70 executives of Sports and Youth Offices and Education Organizations and their informant colleagues throughout Yazd Province. To collect the data, at first 53 Unstructured (In-depth) Interviews and then Structured Interviews were done. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to have more precise information. So, the method of the study was a qualitative one. Content analysis and comparison of both parts of interviews were used to interpret findings.The findings indicated that financial, socio-cultural, human resources, patronage, sport for special groups, talent identification, and inequity in sports and planning are the most important challenges in order to develop the sport and physical education in Yazd province. In addition, a number of suggestions are proposed to handle the mentioned challenges.

The study is to achieve a theoretical model for developing adventure tourism in Khuzestan province. According to the purpose, this research was an applied research and according to the nature was a qualitative research. To collect the data, reviewing the research literature and interview were used. The research population consisted of sport management professors and faculty members, managers of related sport organizations and experts in sport tourism industry. That sampling done by using targeted referral chain or snowball method, and ultimately for achieve to saturation, 16 direct interviews were conducted. Then, the collected data of interviews were coded and analyzed by using the Grounded Theory (the systematic method of Strauss and Corbin and the paradigm model). Gained results of analyzing the data that obtained of interviews during the open, axial and selective coding process and recognizing the effective components indicated that adventure tourism development in Khuzestan province requires attention to various factors in three levels of underlying (environmental mechanisms), organizational (management mechanisms) and behavioral mechanisms.

The study is to assess the performance evaluation of sports boards based on combinatory model of BSC-MEA with negative data. The study extent was limited to the Isfahan City`s active sport boards in 2018. Twelve of these boards were selected as the sample based on the formula, DMUs ≥ 3×(input + output). In order to determine the indices, some interviews have been done with the experts. The 19 total indices were compiled and was given to 20 research experts at this field in the form of a questionnaire in two parts. In the first part, the indices were determined in 4 prospective of balanced scorecards and in the second part, they were designed using in a 5-scale phase spectrum to clarify the importance of each index. Those indices that were present in the processes of the growth, and learning, internal prospective, were considered as the model`s input (empowerments), determined indices in and customer and financial prospective as the model`s output (results). Instrument validity have been done based on the agreement with Lawshe`s model. After implementing BSC-MEA model, track and field, Taechvandoo and Karate boards have the highest rank based on their effectiveness. Therefore, BSC-MEA model can be efficient and useful in performance evaluation and ranking of the sport boards.

The study is to examine the effect of perceived quality on brand image and brand loyalty among football fans in pro league of Iran. According to research purpose, the study was a descriptive and a practical one, that was conducted based on structural equation modeling. The research population involved the fans of popular football teams in pro league of Iran and a sample of 341 football fans were selected through random sampling in stadiums that were selected purposefully. Standard questionnaires of brand image, brand loyalty and perceived quality have been applied as research tool. The questionnaires validity were verified by sport marketing experts and the reliability of brand image, Brand loyalty and perceived quality questionnaire were respectively found to be 0/89, 0/86, and 0/83 according to Chronbach's alpha. SPSS18 and Amos18 and structural equation modeling were applied for data analysis. The results indicated that perceived quality was effective on brand image, brand image was effective on brand loyalty and perceived quality was effective on brand loyalty.

The study is to identify the causative conditions which affect the recognition of the athletic talents  of sports schools in Sama Schools in Iran. The method of the research was of a qualitative type (grounded theory) and the data collection was done through via interviewing and literature reviewreviewing the research backgrounds. The statistical population was included the experts of the field of talent finder and some of the senior managers and decision makers of primary Sama schools. The research sample was determined theoretically and after the 15 interviews, the framework of the theory was formed. The data analysis was performed using three open, axial and selective coding steps and using Atlas.Ti software version 5/2. Based on the results, the causal conditions affecting the recognition of these needs can be categorized in seven indicators: identification of Sama organization structure, facilities and resources, Sama SAMA policies, comprehensive monitoring system, identification of effective communication, motivational issues and different look at strategies.In order to understand the educational skills as well as the development of schools for this purpose, it is necessary to identify some of the causal conditions for satisfying and facilitating conditions in the same way in all Sama SAMA units throughout the country. These conditions can be influenced by the recognition of the exact needs of schools and students in this regard, leading to the development of progress in identifying talent and gaining its success in schools and, of course, the development of the entire country's sport To make.

Establishing a favorable balance between the tourism potential of a resource and the extent to which customers are using them is very important and forms the basis of tourism system planning for the development of sports activities. The study is to determine the capacity of sportswear for mountain tourism. In this regard, by identifying three types of physical, real and effective bearing capacity, efforts have been made to planners and designers of such spaces to provide a very reliable basis for decision making and planning for sustainable development. Initially, by using the registration of ground points and preparing land use map using the GIS tool, 165 hectares of the area were selected as useful and usable areas. In the next step, the required parameters were extracted and calculated by examining the records, obtaining the users' votes and the theoretical foundations of the research. Five limiting factors and eleven subsample parameters were used as the coefficient for calculating the actual bearing capacity of the study site. In order to rank the site management capability parameters, a researcher-made questionnaire (Likert spectrum) was provided to users with a history of 384 people. Meanwhile, the highest percentage belonged to the drinking water parameter (4/4) and the lowest point belonged to the parking parameter (1.93). Finally, the physical, real and effective bearing capacity of the study site was estimated (660000, 70686 and 40291) per day.

The study is to designing a model to predict the success of countries participating in the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia. This study was conducted on two qualitative (setting indices) and quantitative (collecting data from selected countries) steps. Semi-structured qualitative and depth interviews was conducted with 24 elites that aware of the issue of study with non-randomly and purposeful procedure.After identifying indexes, information of selected Indexes (26 Indexes of the political, economic, social, cultural, technological and sporting as theoretical model (PEST+ S)) was collected for 38 countries that were selected with non-randomly and Available procedure since 1978 Argentina FIFA World Cup to 2014 Brazil. On the next step, the predicted 26 indexes were compared with actual values ​​in 2010 and 2014 to test the conceptual model. The results showed that MLP method was of less error at predicting the 26 indexes. In final step, 26 indexes in 2018 were estimated and position of selected countries was predicted in 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia.According to MLP results, Islamic Republic of Iran, Japan and South Korea, with position of 1 from the Asian continent will qualify to FIFA World Cup. Also, Belgium and Portugal will ascend to the semifinals, according the predicted position of 4.

Increasing the duration of sports Constriction projects can cause negative effects for the development of sports and consequently, the development of the country. Therefore, the study is to evaluate the factors affecting the delays in sports construction projects by using AHP analysis. The statistical population of the study included experts in the field of sports construction projects, 30 of whom were selected as a sample by available sampling method. In the qualitative section, 13 of these experts (4 university professors, 4 managers and engineers of Sports Facilities Development and Equipping Company and 5 managers and experts of the technical office and supervision of projects and sports facilities of the Ministry of Sports and Youth) were selected by targeted sampling method and snowball technique. The factors affecting the reduction of delays in sports development projects were identified by conducting semi-structured interview. Then, these factors were provided to the research samples in the form of a hierarchical analysis questionnaire and analyzed by using Expert Choice software based on the AHP method. The results showed that managerial (0/298), engineering (0/219), supervising (0/202) and financial (0/117) factors are the most important factors. Therefore, managers and planners of sports construction projects can reduce delays in sports construction projects by considering these factors.

In a democracy, as a desirable model for political order, political culture with a focus on political participation is of an identifying role. One of the most important factors shaping and constructing the political culture is the accepting institutions of society. This study tries to investigate the role of socially accepting institutions in the political culture of Iranian youth by studying the students of Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz.In this regard, the main question of the research is: what kind of the political culture teachings would be transmitted to the youth by the institutions of social acceptance in Iran (“Parochial”, “subordinate” or “participatory”)? The hypothesis of the article is that socializing institutions in Iran are more concerned with transmitting the teachings of “subordinate” political culture.This study has tried to answer the main question and test the article hypothesis by using the survey method and questionnaire tools. In this regard, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among a group of students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and the data were analyzed by using SPSS software.The findings showed that “families”, “peer groups” and “universities” transmit the teachings of “subordinate” political culture and “mass media” and “religious institutions” more than other institutions teach the teachings of “participatory” political culture, although their main tendency is still to strengthen the “subordinate” political culture.

In today's world, modernity as an effective current in the evolution of social structures has affected the institution of the family and relationships between couples and the consequences that by their hidden function have influenced the silent violence between couples. This article examines the sociological impact of socio-economic factors of modernity on silent violence between young educated couples. The research method is survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population was the young educated couples in the University of Science and Research who were between 22 and 35 years old. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS22 software and Lisrel structural equation modeling software. The data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between individualism, materialism, the growth of rationalism, freedom and equality with silent violence. Also, using the structural equation model, the effect of socio-economic factors of modernity on each of the indicators of silent violence between educated couples are: individualism (0/72), materialism (0/69), intellect growth, respectively. Orientation (0/66), Freedom (0/53), Equality (0/42). As a result, the silent violence between educated couples is influenced by the developments of modernity.

One of the most prevalent forms of violence against women in public places is street harassment, especially in sexual form. This kind of harassment is common in public places such as streets, parks, cinemas and … and they have irreparable consequences including physical and mental harm to women. The study is to analyze the hidden sides of this kind of sexual harassment in public places from women`s perspective among those who are of that kind of experience. 18 students aged 23 to 37 years old in Tehran universities were picked through a targeted sampling method (snowball). The methodology of the study is qualitative with in-depth interviews and focused group discussion. The findings were classified into 4 main categories including harassment patterns, the impacts of outside elements, how to cope with, and insecure feelings. The results showed that isolated city spaces alongside crowded spots are places where the possibility of happening street harassments are high and both are the same equally dangerous and will impact anxiety, fear, presentiment and etc. According to the findings, rubbing, masturbating in public and exhibitionism are new forms of harassment that are so common between middle-aged and old men.