مجله دیابت و متابولیسم ایران
سال بیست و یکم شماره 5 (پیاپی 102، آذر و دی 1400)

Searching for health information and gaining knowledge plays an important role in the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of information resources in self-management of diabetes in diabetic patients referred to health centers in Jahrom.

This study is a descriptive-analytical study that was performed on 393 patients with diabetes in Jahrom city and covered villages in 2018. Data collection tools included a form of personal information, a questionnaire based on the role of information sources in improving the disease of patients with diabetes, and information was collected through it and the results were statistically analyzed by spss24 software.

The highest age range of the participants in this study was 45 to 60 years old (40.7%) and 67.9% of the patient population were women. 68.1% of patients with diabetes had information about their disease after infection. Most of their sources of information included physicians, family and friends, and other patients and the mass media, respectively. The most important reasons for not obtaining information in 31.9% of other patients were difficulty and lack of access to information resources.

The overall result of this study indicated the relatively high and good health literacy of the subjects. Also, the population who did not have knowledge about their disease were very eager to learn that this problem can be solved as much as possible by properly distributing and presenting educational resources and equalizing educational opportunities and equalization in affluent and deprived areas. The results of this research as well as its overall result can be used to improve the health and education system of the country and help improve and enhance the distribution of educational resources through proper training of health personnel and more cooperation of relevant organizations.

Diabetes is an important factor in heart defects that can lead to atrophy of heart cells. Exercise can prevent the complications of diabetes by regulating cellular factors. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of endurance and high-intensity interval training on the content MSTN and Follistatin proteins in the left ventricular tissue of the heart of type 1 and 2 diabetic rats

In this study, 36 head 2-month-old male Sprague-Dawley male rats with a mean weight of 280±30 g were selected. After induction of type 1 (18 head) and 2 (18 head) diabetics through streptozotocin and nicotinamide solution, each type of diabetes was randomly divided into 3 groups: endurance training, HIIT and control (6 heads per group); The training groups performed endurance (50 to 70% of maximum speed) and HIIT (intensity 85 to 95% of maximum speed) training program 4 days a week for 4 weeks; Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests in SPSS software.

Endurance training and HIIT in diabetic training groups led to a significant decrease in MSTN protein content (P=0.0001) and an increase in Follistatin protein content (P=0.0001).

It seems that four weeks of endurance training and HIIT can prevent excessive myocardial atrophy by decreasing the MSTN content and increasing Follistatin. Therefore, exercise training with the intensity, duration and type can be a good defense and treatment mechanisms for diabetics to prevent or reduce heart complications.

Glycation is the non-enzymatic reaction between the carbonyl groups in sugar and free amino groups in proteins. this reaction leads to changes in structure and functions of proteins. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is the final stage in this process, which is highly oxidizing and destructive nature, causing many diabetic complications.

In the present investigation, the effect of fasting upon the glycation process of human Carbonic anhydrase II under physiological conditions (37 °C and pH 7.4) was studied recruiting various techniques including Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and CD Spectroscopy. To address this question, different samples of control carbonic anhydrase (without glucose and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate), carbonic anhydrase with glucose, carbonic anhydrase in the presence of only 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and carbonic anhydrase along with glucose and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate were incubated for 35 days under physiological conditions.

The results indicate that 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate, which is greatly increased in the body during fasting, functions as an inhibitor of the glycation process and decreases the impacts of glucose binding to the protein and prevents the formation of AGEs and preserve enzyme activity.

Fasting can play an important role in maintaining the health of the body and eliminating the complications of the disease, with a significant increase in the production of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate as an inhibitor of the glycation process.

The objective of this experimental study was to determine the effect of 6 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on G6Pase expression in liver tissue, serum insulin and glucose and insulin resistance in obese rats with type 2 diabetic and compared with non-diabetic obese group.

28 male Wistar rats aged 10 weeks (220 ± 10 g) were obesed by 6 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD). Then type 2 diabetes induced in 14 rats by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (30 mg/kg). Finally, the studied rats were divided into 4 same groups: 1) control obese, 2) interval obese, 3) control diabetic, 4) interval diabetic. Interval groups participated in an interval exercise program of 5 sessions per week for 6 weeks consists of 10 repetitions of a 40-second run on the treadmill with 2-minute rest (active rest) between repetitions. 48 hours after the lasting session, fasting levels of glucose, serum insulin and G6Pase expression in liver tissue in all 4 groups were measured and compared with 2 way ANOVA.

Compared with diabetic control groups, HIIT in diabetic group resulted in significant decrease fasting glucose (p= 0.001). HIIT also led to an increase in serum insulin (p= 0.006) without change in G6Pase expression (p= 0.102) compared to the diabetic control group.

Improved glucose response to interval training in type 2 diabetic rats may be rooted in increase insulin without changes in hepatic G6Pase expression. Measurement of activity or expression of other liver enzymes is suggested for general conclusion.

The apoptosis process as a common status in heart injuries could be imposed significantly by hyperglycemia chronically. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of concurrent training and antioxidant supplementation individually and in combination on biogenesis and function of mitochondrial in the heart tissue of diabetic rats with STZ.

In this experimental study, fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were classified into five groups (n=10 each group): healthy rats as control, diabetic rats, diabetic combined resistance/endurance training, diabetic rats which consumed supplementation vitamin E and C, and the combined supplementation and training. Here, we calculated changes in genes expression based on artificial intelligence methods and evaluated genes expression in apoptotic influencing combined training and antioxidants vitamins consumption in heart injured models by streptozotocin via Real-Time PCR. Combination training including, respectively, resistance training, 5 days a week with increasing intensity of 5-45% of rat weight and endurance training on treadmill increasingly from 10-30 minutes and intensity of 40-75% of maximum speed during 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (P<0.05).

the relative expression of PGC1α and Tfam were significantly decreased between healthy control and diabetes controls group. The results indicated that significantly increased of PGC1α and Tfam in the training(P<0.05), supplement(P<0.05) and combination groups(p<0.05). In addition, in this study, it was observed that supplementation and exercise had an increasing effect on the expression of PGC1α and Tfam genes. On the other hand, glucose concentration and weight of rats treated with supplementation and exercise were significantly reduced compared to other groups (P<0.05).

Based on the results, interaction between antioxidant supplements and exercise reduced the glucose concentration and improved the mitochondrial biogenesis of heart tissue, while the combination of these two interventions compared to the effect of each alone, the effect has more.

Because insulin therapy cannot properly control the progression of diabetes and its complications, other alternative therapies may be desirable. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training and endothelial stem cell injection on skeletal muscle oxidant and antioxidant status in STZ-induced diabetic male rats.

In this experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats (age 6 weeks) were divided into six groups of control (healthy), basal diabetic control, diabetic control, diabetes + stem cell injection, diabetes + resistance training and diabetes + stem cell injection + resistance training. In this study, rats became diabetic intraperitoneally using streptozotocin as a single dose of 40 mg/kg. Resistance exercises including climbing a one-meter ladder with weights hanging from the tail were performed for 17 sessions. 500,000 bone-derived stem cells were injected by a cell counter. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in skeletal muscle tissue of rat were measured by using the kit and ELISA method.

The results showed that the SOD level of rats in the resistance training and endothelial stem cell injection group was significantly higher than the diabetic control group (P<0.001). Also, the level of MDA rats in the resistance training and endothelial stem cell injection group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.001).

Resistance training and endothelial stem cell injections can be considered as a non-pharmacological treatment to reduce skeletal muscle complications in type 1 diabetes.