نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 55، زمستان 1400)

The main objective of this study was to Strategies and outcomes e-commerce in sport Industry. Qualitative study using in-depth interviews with experts in the subject were used to achieve the stated purpose and with the expertise of subject. In this regard, the relevant research in the following areas were identified, including: Officials Marketing Committee, sports federations and sports clubs, Sports Marketing Committee of the Ministry of Sport and Youth, Experts in the field of e-commerce and faculty members. Interviews conducted purposefully and continued to snowball technique and finally 12 people were interviewed. Finally, the data obtained from interviews given by Ground theory and through three stages open, axial and selective coding were analyzed. The open coding results in identification sign and further analysis result of open coding at the Strategies have been identified in 4 areas so that cover internal and external challenges of e-commerce in the sports industry of the country. These areas were included: Management, Legal – Civil, Technical and cultural-social. Finally, Outcomes that were largely consistent, include the identification of strategies like: Economic Development, Legal, structural and cultural.

Influencing the ideas of others has considerable interest for supplier and service organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of E-word of mouth on Businesses Performance of eSports with mediating of consumer purchasing behavior. The study was descriptive-correlational research. The research population included all customer of E-sport business of Karaj, obtained through random- cluster sampling with appropriate allocation. According to PASS, 340 people were selected as the final sample. To collect data, two standard questionnaires, i.e. Kim’s purchase behavior (2008) and Mamoun Businesses questionnaire (2011) were used. Validity of the form and the content of the questionnaire were confirmed by 10 professors and experts in sports management. The reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0.92. Structural equation modeling was used in inferential statistics. The results showed that E-word of mouth (β = 0/49, p <0/05) and consumer purchase behaviour (β = 0/56, p <0/05) have significant effect on BP. According to the results of the research, managers of eSports can be recommended toprovide services to clients showing their best performance so that existing customers attract new clients by word-of-mouth advertising in the city.

The purpose of this study was to making a model for attraction of sponsors in Iran’s handball championships. The research was a descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts (handball experts, heads of handball teams and handball senior athletes), sports marketing specialists, managers of super leagues former and women handball players, and experts in sales and marketing of existing sponsoring companies of the league and handball competitions in the country. The number of them was 206 and were selected as sample based on the number of items. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.96). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S) was used for distributing data. The findings of the research indicate that five factors of economic, social, cultural, environmental, media and communication and management-structural, respectively, predicted the attraction of financial supporters in the sport of the handball championship in a meaningful and positive way. Thus, according to the co-efficient. The final model of the research was approved. Also, the results showed that the proposed model is fit for use and attracts sponsors. Accordingly, the management of the handball federation of the country needs to pay special attention to these five components and provide the necessary infrastructure in this federation, especially with regard to the conditions and economic system of the country, and it is imperative that as soon as possible, and looking for a competitive atmosphere.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the entrepreneurship profile of faculty’s sports of Iran and offering the model of employment and entrepreneurship. The Gabe Standard Questionnaire (2012) with good validity and reliability was used to collect data .Results of the study of 11 components of entrepreneurship (vision, mission and strategy of the faculty, governance, and administration of the faculty, organizational structure and plan, multidisciplinary, transdisciplinary, influence and use of diverse resources, stakeholder management, and community values, graduates, knowledge transfer, The Center for Growth, Financing, College Risks, Internationalization, and Entrepreneurship Education and Training show that the situation of entrepreneurship and employment in sports schools is not at a good level. Students are not educated according to the needs of the physical education labor market. Given that in terms of 11 standard indicators, the employment and entrepreneurship situation in sports schools are low. It is necessary to pay more attention to the components of entrepreneurship in the planning and implementation of educational programs in schools so that physical education students with an entrepreneurial educational approach can graduate as an entrepreneur in the field of sports business.

The purpose of this study is to provide an economic model for assigning the privilege of exploiting sports complexes, based on game theory. The present research was conducted by the descriptive-survey method and by conducting interviews with the officials and the operator of the Enghelab sports complex. Also, we completed our information by reviewing the tender documents and contracts. Based on the findings, the variables influencing the development and conclusion of contracts for the transfer of this unit identified, and the proposed approaches were selected. Among them, the most appropriate and efficient strategy for the owner and operator introduced. In the next step, based on the best result, the proposed game was designed and modelled. The results showed that when independent private information dominates the auction space, the strategy of changing the auction mechanism is more appropriate for both parties, and the pricing strategy is the best strategy, which is also Nash's balance in this game.

Today, fierce competition between businesses in any industry shows the need to design appropriate business models, and the sports and fitness industry is no exception. The aim of this study was to design a process business pattern of women's fitness clubs. The research was exploratory and in terms of goal, it was a practical that was implemented with two qualitative strategies, meta-synthesis and thematic analysis. The statistical population of meta-synthesis was studies in the period 1990 to 2020. To thematic analysis, 11 sports business experts were selected for in-depth semi-structured interviews by snowball method. By analyzing the two-stage data, a large number of open codes were identified. Finally, 125 open codes, 54 sub-themes and 21 main themes appeared. The quality of the two-stage findings was confirmed by calculating the coding agreement coefficient. Emerging concepts were categorized in 7 scope including Product design; Pre-run; Definition of customers; Determining and supplying resources; Activation and implementation; Control and performance; and Technology support. Each scope referring to specific processes in the business pattern. In a linear logic, these processes are one behind the other, but in the above pattern, all processes are constantly reviewed over and over again so that the business can produce and offer its product in the best possible way. In general, the proposed process pattern is a dynamic model that has identified all the processes and conditions necessary for review, and understanding and implementing it can ensure the evolution of the business model of women's fitness clubs.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of rationale and emotional advertising appeals related to sport in the park on brainwave changes of people with using quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). The present study was practical and semi-experimental. The statistical population of the present study was the citizens of Isfahan city who have not yet visited the parks for sports activities. People in the age range of 25 to 35 years and 24 people (12 women and 12 men) were selected as the sample. Sample brainwaves were recorded in two stages: pre-test (observation of white screen) and post-test (observation of rational and emotional Ads). QEEG device were used for recording and coding sample brainwaves, and descriptive and inferential statistics (Wilcoxon test) were used for data analysis with SPSS software. The results showed that the brainwaves decreased in the post-test phase (observation of rational and emotional Ads) compared to the pre-test phase (white screen observation), which this reduction was greater when viewing emotional Ads. Since the decrease in alpha waves indicates an increase in attention and cognitive load, Officials of sport for all, especially sport in Isfahan city parks are suggested to use advertising appeals, especially emotional advertising appeals, in order to stimulate and persuasion of the citizens to engage in sport for all and physical activity in the parks.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the sports budget on sports participation in Iran. Panel data for this study were collected for Iranian provinces between 2004 and 2017 from the Iranian Statistics Center, the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran, and the National Olympic Committee of Iran. For Data analysis of this study, the quantile regressions were used, and the final results were confirmed by the Bootstrap method. Data analysis of this study was performed using the EViews software 10 versions. The results showed that the sports current budget has a positive and significant effect on sport participation in the decades 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and after the implementation of the Bootstrap in all decades, the effect of sports current budget on sports participation was significant but the effect of sports development budget on sports participation was significant and negative only in the 0.9 decades, and after the implementation of Bootstrap, the effect of sports development budget on sports participation in any decade was not significant. Policymakers should allocate the sports current budget and sports development budget to promote sports participation in accordance with the executive programs and the situation of the province and the observance of distributive justice in addition according to the specific conditions of the country in the face of international sanctions.

The purpose of the present study was to identify and prioritize factors affecting the fan crisis in the Iranian Football Premier League. This study was a mix-method research work that was executed in the qualitative and quantitative steps. In the qualitative section, for in-depth interviews, targeted sampling method was used. After 21 interviews with experts, the data were coding based on the qualitative content analysis approach. In the quantitative section, 10 experts were selected based on judgmental sampling and the data were ranked by hierarchy analysis method. Based on the results of study, 18 identified factors affecting the fan crisis were placed in three branches, Content, Structure, and Context. Content branch factors in order of priority were: situation refereeing, corruption in football, fanatical behavior, communication management, ethnicity and racism, psychological characteristics, unprofessional behavior of stakeholders and demographic composition; Structural branch factors in order of priority were: competition management, safety, security, stadium health, public infrastructure, emergency-medical infrastructure; Context branch factors in order of priority were: cultural-social, media function, performance of the Security Council, disciplinary rules, team conditions and competition Political-economic and weather conditions. Therefore, suggested to the managers and officials of competitions and clubs to be aware of the identified factors in order to manage the crisis of advocacy more effectively.

The main purpose of designing the sports politeness questionnaire is to convert the answers into data, which is an important part of the scientific research and its standardization for students. Politeness means accepting the feelings of others in order to deal with them appropriately. It also includes behavior in an appropriate manner and considering its aspects in individual social relationships. By increasing the level of sports politeness among athletes in society, it is possible to prevent cultural and moral degeneration among different groups, especially children, teenagers and youth.

The statistical population was students of Golestan University (3951), of which 384 were selected (Krejcie & Morgan table) and the proportional stratified random sampling method was used to select the samples. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient test (0.84) and the Split-half test (0.78). Content validity is 0.99 based on the agreement coefficient.

As a result, using exploratory factor analysis technique; Three factors of respect, moral model and self-sacrifice were identified as the main dimensions of the concept of sports propriety.

The Sports politeness Questionnaire is a reliable and valid scale that can be used to assess the level of sports politeness among students and show valid results. It is Suggested that future research use this questionnaire in different sample and fields.

The purpose of this study was to design a model for the development of sport digital economy in Iran. This research was a qualitative research in terms of data collection method, which was conducted by grounded theory method and systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and a semi-structured qualitative interview was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study included the scientific and executive elites who had experience in the fields of economics, technology, IT, e-commerce, digital businesses and digital economy and a total of 21 interviews were conducted. For data analysis, three stages of open, axial and selective coding were used as 140 open codes were obtained and in five categories of causal conditions, contextual, intervening, strategies and consequences of digital economy development in sports were classified. The development of access to computers and the Internet, the commercialization of sports, the growth of e-commerce and digital technologies were among the drivers of the development of the digital economy in sports. Due to the fact that today the market environment has changed from its traditional form to digitalization, therefore, organizations, federations and sports clubs and sports-related jobs must adapt to these changes and design their strategy for digitizing their processes, services, and activities.

The purpose of this study was to design a quality management model for the physical education and sports system in schools. The present research is applied in terms of descriptive-correlational nature. The statistical population of the study as all professors of sport management, deputies and experts of the Ministry of Education and teachers of physical education and sport that the statistical sample was selected as available. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and the face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts (14 people). Also, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test (0.99) and combined reliability. Structural equation modeling PLS3-SPSS24 software has been used to analyze the data and evaluate the model fit. The results showed that quality planning of education has a significant effect on the process of educational program (62/31) but does not directly affect its results (1/20). Also, the process variable has a significant direct effect on the results of the training program (11/05). The results of the mediator hypothesis also indicated that educational quality planning has a significant effect on its results through the mediator of processes (11/13). Therefore, in order to improve the quality assurance of physical education and sports education, all these processes should be considered as an integrated and relevant system in order to achieve desirable results in this field.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for improving the sports insurance system in the country. The research method was qualitative research with a heuristic and systematic approach. The statistical population consisted of two sections: human resources (managers, professors, etc.) and information resources (books, articles, documents, media, etc.). Adequate sampling was performed on the basis of theoretical saturation (17 persons and 68 documents). The research tools included library study and exploratory framework interviews. The validity of the instrument was evaluated and validated based on the legal and scientific validity of the statistical sample, expert opinion, and coefficient of agreement between coders. To analyze were used the findings the multi-step coding method and the system analysis approach. The main variables in the conceptual model was include; Improve customer damage, Premium improvements, Development of coverage range, Improving customer satisfaction, Promoting sports insurance literacy, Standardization of service quality, Streamlining strategic management, Upgrading the surveillance system, Updating the rules, Improving insurance penetration rate, Communication network capacity building, Development of facilities, Empowering human capital, Incorporate insurance education and culture and the financial management optimization sports insurance. These variables were classified into five successive levels: structure, capability, process, performance and outcome. Based on the framework, it can be said that upgrading the sports insurance system requires strengthening the structural, capability, process, performance and consequence components, and the extent to which its development is realized depends on the outcome of the factors of these levels.

Football player pricing helps clubs and managers perform best in the negotiation process to attract players. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify and weigh the performance variables affecting the pricing of Iranian football strikers. The research method was mixed method (qualitative-quantitative). the thematic analysis method was used to identify the performance variables, and Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to weigh the variables. The statistical population was consisted of all Iranian Individuals with AFC coaching professional qualifications, Iranian Premier League coaches and Football instructors. The sampling method was theorical selected and Finally, first interviews were conducted with 11 specialists, then asked them to complete the designed questionnaire. NVIVO10 software was used to analyze qualitative data and Expert Choice Software was used to analyze quantitative data. The results of the research indicate that the variables of goal scoring, assists and creating a chance with weights of. 0.231, 0.160, And 0.146 are the most important variables and variables of Sliding Tackles, defensive Aerial and Blocks with weights of 0.10, 0.10, And 0.009 Variables were the lowest weight. Goal scoring, assist, create chance and shooting also had the highest absolute weight among variables. It is recommended to pay attention to the variables of this research and the weight of each of them in the design of the pricing model of the striker players.

Heroic culture is one of the richest and the most productive national assets in Iran. This pure Iranian-Islamic culture has brought up great heroes and delivered them to Iranian socity during multiple periods. The main objective in this study is to introduce Iranian heroes from ancient period until Islamic Revolution in Iran and to survey the course of evolution and variation of this culture and its leaders namely heroes. It has been presupposed that what made this rich culture persistent are its concerned concepts such as honesty,strengthening body and soul,good qualities and the most important, overcoming the sprit of chivalry against it by following Imam Ali (PBUH) as primate of Iranian muslims. Hence in this article, it has been tried to introduce high moral concepts in heroic culture and its representatives namely heroes based on historical studies during ancient period and Islamic Iran era. This study in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on library studies has tried analyze the findings by a narrative and historical method. What has been obtained is recognition of the relationship of this culture with our concerned national and religious concepts especially the relationship between Iranian heroes with the leader of the Shiite world namely Imam Ali(PBUH) that made him a stable model for Iranian heroes. So, the most important finding of this study is that the rite of chivalry existed in Iran from ancient period, after the arrival of Islam in Iran has linke with Shiite religion specially with the distinguished personality Of Imam Ali(PBUH) who owned the uppermost characteristics of chivalry has developed in association with it and has expanded up to now.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of mediator of self-determination theory in perfectionism, burnout and engagement in physically disabled elite athletes. The statistical population includes all national athletes present in the Sport Federation for the Disabled. The statistical sample includes national athletes who attended training camps at the Sport Federation for the Disabled. A total of 109 athletes will be selected based on non-random sampling, completed Perfectionism. Burnout. Engagement, Psychological Need Thwarting, Basic Need Satisfaction questionnaire. Pearson correlation test and structural equations were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that perfectionist strivings had positive and non significant effect on Basic Need Satisfaction. perfectionist strivings had negative and significant effect on Psychological Need Thwarting. perfectionism's concerns had negative and non significant effect on Basic Need Satisfaction. perfectionism's concerns had positive and significant effect on Psychological Need Thwarting. Basic Need Satisfaction had positive and significant effect on athlete engagement. Basic Need Satisfaction had negative and significant effect on burnout. Psychological Need Thwarting had positive and significant effect on athlete engagement. Psychological Need Thwarting had positive and significant effect on burnout. exercise is very beneficial for the health of disabled athlete, the officials and coaches who work in this field should pay special attention to such people and support them directly and indirectly to meet their needs as much as possible. To make these people participate as much as possible in the environment of sports and health.

The Covid-19 pandemic affected and stagnated all industries. How to deal with this period and its medium and long-term effects has greatly challenged all industries, including sports. The present study aims to provide a dynamic model of the post-corona era in terms of the chaos theory in the sports industry system. The method of study is Delphi, which was performed qualitatively in four rounds. Sampling of the study was Purposive sampling. In this study, sports management experts and psychometric experts were used as the target sample. To evaluate the adequacy of the research method, four experts were used as parallel samples to ensure the quality of the research. Vensim.PLE and Checkmate software were used for data analysis. The results of the research in the first round showed the degree of agreement of experts on the chaotic situation in the seven main statements as points of chaos and disorder. In the second round, points of familiarity and interactions between propositions were reported. In the third round, the future state of the sports industry was determined according to the main and sub-propositions obtained in the post-crown period, according to the main strategy matrix. The strategies required was determined by Grand matrix. Finally, the model of the dynamic system of the country's sports industry for the post-Corona era was drawn. In general, the implementation of such a system is a basic need of the post-corona era, and through it, the feedback cycle of the system can be identified in order to achieve order in the chaos and turmoil in the country's sports industry.

The main purpose of this study is to identify the economic challenges that female sports coaches faced during the Coronavirus pandemic. This qualitative study was conducted on 20 female coaches from different sports disciplines, with more than a decade of coaching experience. Sample selection was purposeful. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using two methods of initial coding and data interpretation (claim and proof). Data analysis of this study revealed five main economic challenges of female coaches in six categories. The established categories included lack of government support and economic burden, reduced activity of small and entrepreneurial sports businesses, lack of social trust, consequences of morbidity and mortality on economic conditions and reduced sponsorship. Therefore, it is critical to identify the proper solutions and take innitiative to solve these problems so that female coaches would be able to continue on withfulfilling their jobs with lesserhardships in thisunprecedentedtime, when there is a need for more support and collective aid to maintain and yet promote the development of women's sports.