مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه
سال نهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1400)

Intranasal delivery through the epithelium of nose is an interesting and useful idea because it has a fast onset of effect with any metabolism in liver and digestive system, also it is user-friendly, noninvasive and without pain. In this study, we aimed to prepare and evaluate an in-situ gel forming of chitosan-based morphine formulation as an intranasal administration in vitro.

In this project, the in-situ gel forming of morphine-loaded chitosan formulation was firstly prepared and finally its physicochemical properties was determined in order to achieve the technology of a gel-forming formulation for morphine nasal delivery.

The final prepared formulation was in the form of sol in room temperature; while, it was transmitted to the gel form at 37 °C and subsequently returned to the sol form after decreasing temperature. The obtained results of burst release test showed a sustained release of morphine from the polymeric matrix of chitosan. Additionally, the formulation showed that it could be sprayed in nostril with no toxicity.

The biodegradable and biocompatible intranasal form of morphine could be gelled in the shortest possible time before leaving the nose at a temperature of 34 °C. Also, based on the release pattern of morphine, morphine could slowly induce its analgesic effects.

Today schizophrenia has a high incident in population and is developing among men and women. The purpose of present study is to evaluate effect of 8 weeks of HIIT on serum IL-4 in male schizophrenic patients.

Present study is semi-experimental one with pre-posttest design. 28 male patients with schizophrenia with age range of 25-45 years old were divided into two groups of control and Intervention randomly. HIIT were performed for 8 weeks (3 sessions in a week with 70-85% maximum heart rate). Each session consisted of RAST protocol included 35 meter running for 6 repetitions. At the end of 8 weeks, after 12 hours fasting blood sampling was gathered and serum IL-4 content were assessed using ELISA method. Data were analyzed through SPSS 24 while using ANCOVA and paired t test at P<0.05.

Significant increase in IL-4 levels in Intervention group compared to control were observed (p=0.029). In addition, pre-posttest changes for IL-4 were significant in Intervention group (p=0.005). however, it was not significant in control (p= 0.51).

Regular HIIT might mitigate vital impact on serum IL-4 level increase in male schizophrenic patients through improvement in inflammatory status as a useful and healthy method in attenuation of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.

Autism is a disorder characterized by anxiety, impairment in memory, and pain. Camel milk has antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of camel milk on pain, anxiety, and spatial memory in male offspring of female model rats induced via valproic acid.

In an experimental study, female Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally valproic acid (500 mg/kg) on day 12.5 of gestation. Then, male offspring were divided into five groups (n=6) including Naïve, risperidone, raw camel milk + risperidone, pasteurized camel milk + risperidone, and valproic acid. In the treatment phase, risperidone was injected at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg, and camel milk was given 10 ml/kg daily for 42 days with a gavage needle on the 35th day after the birth. Pain response, anxiety test, and spatial memory were measured before treatment on days 30 to 35 and also after completion of treatment on days 77-84. Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests

After receiving valproic acid and birth of offspring, there was a significant difference in pain response, anxiety, and spatial learning and memory between the naïve group compared to the entire groups after 42 days of treatment (p <0.05, p <0.01). P <0.001, respectively). Response to pain and anxiety decreased after receiving camel milk. Also, there was a significant difference between raw camel milk + risperidone and risperidone group in pain response test and platform finding time in spatial memory test (p <0.05).

With the improvement of autism symptoms such as anxiety, memory impairment and learning, camel milk can probably be recommended as a suitable dietary supplement for autistic patients.

Hydatidosis is one of the most important and prevalent parasitic diseases in Iran. Due to the fact that no definite and reliable treatment for this disease has been recorded so far, the aim of this study was to investigate the antiparasitic effect of Froriepia subpinnata (F. subpinnata) on the protoscolex stage of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) in vitro.

F. subpinnata plant was collected from the forest areas of Mazandaran province and extracted using maceration method and methanolic extract was prepared in concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μg / ml. Protoscoleces E. granulosus was isolated from the liver, spleen and lungs of sheep. Different concentrations of drug along with albendazole were incubated as positive control in 96 well plates with protoscoleces for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours and finally the survival rate of the parasite was examined using 0.01% Eosin as vital staining.

According to the results, the survival rate of protoscoleces is significantly reduced as the increase in the concentration of the drug and the incubation time. Concentration of 200 μg / ml of methanolic extract of the F. subpinnata was the most appropriate dose, which eliminated 100% of protoscoleces after 48 hours. The results of MTT test also showed that the methanolic extract of this F. subpinnata, even at a concentration of 1600 μg / ml, had no toxicity on the HeLa cell line.

The results indicated that the F. subpinnata has suitable scolicidal effects and after additional and confirmatory tests can be used as a natural antiparasitic treatment.

Women need more nutritional attention due to the physiological changes they experience during life, especially middle age. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on BASNEF model on the nutritional behavior of overweight and obese middle-aged women

This quasi-experimental was performed in 2016 on 140 middle-aged women with overweight and obesity under the auspices of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire and analyzed by Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests using SPSS software version 26.

The mean age of women in the intervention and control groups was 43.30 and 41.65, respectively. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of variables and structures of BASNEF model (p> 0.05). After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of means of BASNEF model instruments (p >0.05).

Implementing an educational program based on the BASNEF model can, in addition to raising the awareness of middle-aged women about healthy eating, by emphasizing enabling factors and behavioral intent, improve some of the nutritional behaviors of middle-aged women.

Given the epidemiologic transition and necessity of educating to individuals, groups and organization for changing lifestyle and adherence, moreover inadequacy of current educational status, identifying health education facilitators in Iranian health system is necessary. Therefore the current study was done with the aim of explaining Facilitators of Health Education in Iranian Health System based on experiences of Faculty members and specialists, policy makers, experts, staff and health care providers, physicians and health workers.

  This study was conducted using qualitative research method and content analysis approach in 2019 in Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences. In order to collect data, by purposive sampling method, 19 health experts, 2 physicians and 26 health workers were selected and interviewed semi-structured. Data were analyzed through content analysis method. For Trustworthiness of data, criteria such as Credibility, Dependability, Confirmability and Transferability were considered

Five themes including Individual, Interpersonal, Organizational, Society and contextual Facilitators were extracted from the results of content analysis.

Health education facilitators are including Individual, Interpersonal, Organizational, Society and contextual Facilitators. For institualization and embedding health education science in health system, planning and intervention in all health system level for facilitating health education is necessary

It can be concluded that population areas such as urban and rural centers are vulnerable to air pollution in terms of social vulnerability and Nimroz and Hamoon counties have the lowest social vulnerability.

 Depressed people are faced with problems in cognitive abilities,emotion regulation and alexithymia.According to previous studies, time perspective as a person's view of his past, present, and personal futurecan help him in improving his cognitive abilities and emotion regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of time horizon therapy on cognitive abilities, emotion regulation and alexithymia in depressed teenagers in Yazd.

Statistical population of the quasi-experimental present study include all yazd’s depressed teenaged depressed girl.21 of depressed teenaged girl were purposefully chosen and randolmly were assigned in one interval group (8members) and one control group(13members). The Emotional Regulation Scale (Graz and Roemer, 2004), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS) (Bagby, Parker, & Taylor, 1994) and the Cognitive Ability Questionnaire (Nejati, 2013) were used to collect research data.
The interval group participated in time perspective program, six 60-minute sessions, twice a week, while the control group was placed on a waiting list. Also, post hoc test was performed to evaluate the stability of the results two months after the training.Statistics data were analyzed using analysis of variance method with repetitive measurement in SPSS_25 software.

Findings showed that Time-perspective therapy has a significant effect on increasing cognitive ability and emotional regulation and reducing alexithymia in depressed female teenaged girls (p <0.05). But effects of intervention just about cognitive ability variable was permanent over the time.(p<0.05).

The results showed that the time perspective program by focusing on factors such as active time managing can have a permanent and ideal effects on cognitive ability.

 Cancer is one of the most common chronic diseases that many people get every year. Having cancer leads to a decrease in life expectancy. One of the ways to increase life expectancy in these patients is social support. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and life expectancy in cancer patients.

 This study was performed with the participation of 84 cancer patients referred to Javad Al-Aemeh Chemotherapy Clinic in Torbat-e Heydariyeh in 2019. Study units were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using standard Miller Life expectancy and Sarason social support questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software version 20.

Out of 84 patients, 51 (60.7%) were female and 33 (39.3%) were male. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between life expectancy and an individual's social network dimension (r = 0.31, p = 0.004) and satisfaction score of this social support (r = 0.27 and p = 0.01). The correlation was moderate.

As the social support of cancer patients increases, their life expectancy increases. It is suggested that in extensive studies, sources of social support for cancer patients be identified and used to increase life expectancy.