نشریه دانش انتظامی آذربایجان غربی
پیاپی 26 (بهار 1394)

In today’s world, robbery is increasing in terms of both quantity and combination with other crimes, and this has made it difficult to identify the reasons of commiting the crime. Insight and attitude toward the robbery, with regard to both its quantity and multifaceted nature, is only one of the many aspects of crime investigation; however, the abundance and frequency of this crime is the other more important aspect.
Undoubtedly, in different communities theft is dealt with using various approaches to deterrence due to the type of the commited robbery, but in the case of West Azarbaijan, four types of robbery, i.e., robbing private property, stealing cars, burglary and stealing auto parts are of higher frequency. Certainly, there are separate special causes for commiting each one of these thefts. Thus, discovering the causes of these four crimes and preventing their commitment must be the primary concern of those dealing with the issue and the current study is after implementing such an objective.

Results and findingsL: 

In bivariate tests, there has been a meaningful relationship between the frequency of theft and all the variables except for out-of-the-scene variable, saturated exclusion variable, border similarities and illegal interactions. In regression analysis and multiple correlation section, the effect of independent variables on dependent variable with a linear combination of independent variables (behind the scene, the scene, success theory, value theory, stimulus theory, aggression theory, social heterogeneity, social inequality and social groups) produced the multiple correlation coefficient of 0.716 and multiple determination coefficient of 0.512. In other words, the ratio of variable variance for the frequency of crime which is determined by independent variables was equivalent to 0.512. Also, multiple correlation coefficient among the entered variables and dependent variable was equal to 0.716 or 71.6 %. The total direct and indirect impact of internal and external independent variables using path analysis technique in the model section was equal to 0.842.To show how much Ali's model explains the dependent variable variance or, in other words, for evaluating the efficiency of the model, one should refer to determination coefficient. Determination coefficient through independent variables involves 0.842 or 84.2% of dependent variable changes. On the other hand, the path coefficient error was equal to 15.8%.

Nowadays, inner-city accidents are regarded as a world-wide social problem which can lead to abundant life and financial losses each year. Considering the damages caused by accidents, our country is introduced as the one with high accidents. The current study is after identifying and analyzing the reasons of accidents within Urmia in years 91 and 92. The research method used in the present study was descriptive-analytical and the population was composed of all the accidents occurring in Urmia during 91 and 92.The results showed that the highest number of accidents which cause damage, in the age range of 26-35, has been because of violation of priority and lack of attention to the front. Furthermore, region 1 of the city was found to have the highest number of accidents and region 4 to be the busiest part of the city. Also, considering accident severity index in both years, region 1 had the highest accident severity coefficient among all city regions.

The current study aimed at investigating the factors underlying Jame Elmi Karbordi students’ tendency for addiction. The population of the study comprised the entire body of students in Urmia Jame Elmi Karbordi University within the academic year 93-94. The sample size in the present investigation was determined to be 70 based on Morgan’s table. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed via SPSS and by running correlation and multiple regression analyses. The findings of the study indicated a direct correlation between rules and regulations, students’ self-confidence and achievement and their inclination toward addiction. Extracurricular activities, however, had no significant effect on students’ tendency for addiction. Finally, based on the findings of the current research, some methods have been offered for preventing the abuse of drugs and psychotropic substances.

Concerning the supreme leader’s naming the year 1394 as the year of convergence between the government and public, and according to paragraph 3 of Part II of the twenty-year outlook of I.R.iran (1404), a research was carried out regarding the role of police management in unifying people and government in Urmia.The research method utilized was descriptive and survey type, and the research population was composed of police personnel in Urmia. A sample of 150 subjects was randomly selected out of the total population. 89.3% of the sample were males and 91.8% had management record. The main means of data collection for the current study was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability and validity were analyzed at the outset of the study. The role of police management (with four hypotheses of information technology, human resource, crime prevention and discovery, and economic factors) was analyzed in relation to the convergence between government and public. This correlation was found to be significant based on Pearson coefficient and hence the null hypothesis was rejected. According to the table, the regression coefficient for the convergence between government and public equaled .628, and it can be stated that the utilized model with the adjusted coefficient was 628%, which is indicative of dependent variable changes. Furthermore, standard Betas for crime prevention and detection which equaled 357% had the greatest role in explaining the dependent variable.

Several factors contribute to the occurrence and spread of crime. Defenseless or crime-prone parts of the city are one of these factors. Defenseless or crime-prone parts have many features that are divisible into two groups of physical and social, which prepare the space for crime. The physical features and social characteristics play the key role in setting the scene for the crime from the perspective of city designers/architects and sociological/psychological theorists, respectively. This research has been carried out through observation in a four-month period in Aban 92. The research location was region 4 of Urmia. In this research, study locations were determined based on crime type and goals of research (availability or restriction and safety of unidentified person's presence) including Emam street, Velayat-e Faghih square (theft and stealing bags) – Aramgah street, Golestan park (quarrel) – Velayat-e Faghih square, Aramgah street, Golestan park, Eghbal street (opium, heroin and weeds sale) – Eghbal street, Velayat-e Faghih square, Golestan park (alcoholic drinks sale).The results indicate that adequate lighting and lack of building concentration are the features which differentiate pickpocketing districts from others. Lack of communication link with other spaces, existence of recessed or raised areas, having clear boundaries and low building are the distinguishing features that demarcate quarrel-appropriate districts from others. Furthermore, sequence is among the other features distinguishing the districts suitable for selling illegal drugs and alcoholic drinks from other districts. Moreover, based on research findings, among the chief social factors underlying crime, desertedness and lack of social surveillance are the major ones, and among the physical indicators of crime, turns and twists and closeness to prominent locations are the most influential factors giving rise to the occurrence of crime.

The main purpose of this study was to examine and recognize the reflection of trafic training in the Social Training and Persian Literature textbooks of the elementary grade. The research method was content analysis. The statistical corpus was composed of the textbooks of the Social Training and Persian Literature in elementary grade, and the sample was equal to the statistical population. The criterion for describing Traffic training components and the recording units were sentences, pictures, questions and learning activities. The means of data collection was the textbook content analysis checklist and content analysis method was quantitative. The results of this research revealed meaningful differences among 3 components of traffic training according to the reflection of concepts. In the textbook for Social Training, Traffic training was reflected less than expected, whereas in the textbook of Persian Literature traffic training was reflected more than what was expected. Frequency components of traffic training in the Social Training and Persian Literature textbooks of the elementary grade were found to be different. Furthermore, knowledge and attitude/performance were reflected more and less than expected, respectively. Finally, there were meaningful differences among components of knowledge, attitude and performance in the Social Training and Persian Literature textbooks of the elementary grade.