فصلنامه پژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی
سال نوزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 60، بهار 1400)

The story of Kaykavus ascent to sky and his falling has mentioned three times in the Shahnameh: One at ShirchinAmol Grove. Another, his falling place were listed "Sari".This name is recorded in the other texts as“Shahre chin, ShirchineAmol, Shirhin, Ahabire chin, Sharhin, Hamchenin, Tonekabon, Narvan, DaryayeGorgan, Sari, Siraf ,…Which these names geographically are unrelated.This problem can be solved only by comparative mythology.The myth of KayKavus in different parts is mixed with the story of Nimrod and Abraham in Islamic narratives.One of the components of Kaus's myth is the story of his pursuit byNerioseng and falling into the FarakhKard sea,Probably this section has been replaced by myth of Israfilangel, And various forms of this angel's name, including seraph and seraphine, which are also recorded in Persian and Arabic texts have been recorded as the place of the fall of Kavus.And because the scribes were not familiar with the name, they changed it to other forms.

Mythical thought is a kind of worldview that has always saved his situation in humans mind. Mythical idea introduce itself by divide the phenomena of the world into sacred and unholy. Locality is an important mythical subject that differ from modern man’s thinking about place. Mythical place differ from its surrounding because it is sacred. It may be an archetype like mount or fountain, or may be it has become sacred because of the unworldly object. It has influential power to characters.it can change characters. Folktale as an old type of oral literature contain the insight, philosophic thought and life style of past human being. One of the mythical subject in folktales is locality. This places cause of the relationship with the transcendental affairs, consider as a mythical place. Most of characters in folktale, change mentally by being there and their destiny change. In this article, we tried to use the theories of great mythologists such as Mircea Eliade and Ernest Cassirer to analyze e few sets of folktales. For this purpose, the places such as mount, fountain, sea, river, garden, well were investigated.and their mythical modality was examined. my research method in this article is descriptive and analithical. .

Roghaiyeh sadraie*** Nahj al-Balaghah, as one of the reliable sources that can be cited, has been called "Akho Al-Quran" (brother of the Quran). This book has been compiled by Sayyid Razi from the poets and jurists of the fourth century. Many truths of the Holy Quran have been described in this book.The present article uses the wisdom of 142 to examine the extent of the effect of short words of Nahj al-Balaghah in Persian literature and seeks to prove the deep and close relationship between the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah and the Holy Quran and the impact of these teachings on Persian literature.In this article, the answers to the following questions are analyzed by descriptive method and by following the content of one of the acronyms. Is the source of the wisdom of Nahj al-Balaghah the divine knowledge of the Holy Quran? To what extent has the moral and divine knowledge of Nahj al-Balaghah dominated the Iranian literature?Obviously, the works of Persian literature have been influenced in various ways, including adaptations, allusions, inspirations, etc. from the source of revelation and, consequently, from the words of the Amir al-Mo'menin. In this article, the wisdom No. 139 of Nahj al-Balaghah has been pondered and revised with regard to the roots of words and the Quranic sources and its effect on Persian literature has been discussed. Scholars believe that Nahj al-Balaghah is the interpretation of the Qur'an. The subject of this article is to find the divine sources of the words of the Amir al-Mo'menin, and to show its reflection in Iranian literary works.

The main issue in all the Sufi tricks is Kramat. Kramat are unknown or less known phenomena that have hidden and supernatural causes. Neglecting the recognition, definition, classification and the mystical foundations of them, has led many to deny these facts. One of the necessary preconditions for the recognition of Kramat is its various classification methods. The classification of a phenomenon that human beings can not understand the causes of its causes is a complicated subject that has been addressed by mystics, Sufis and scholars. However, it has not been reported in the mystical texts of the scientific and comprehensive classification of Kramat. Most of these texts are dedicated to enumeration of Kramat samples. Kramat Sometimes classified up against contrary to habits and sometimes among themselves. The present study is devoted to the classification of Kramat among themselves and studied in more than fifteen new and old classifications of different dignity.

Interpretation means returning something to its original state, the background of which is to be found in Greek hermeneutics. Hermeneutics is the theory of the act of understanding in its relation to the interpretation of texts. Mystics have paid much attention to the interpretation and content of the Qur'an. Rumi has also used interpretation in Masnavi.He looked at interpretation very broadly and did not consider interpretation specific to the Qur'an; For this reason, he has used interpretation on various topics. The research method in this article is descriptive and its purpose is to study the types of interpretations in the three books of Masnavi in terms of content and structure. The interpretations used in the three books of Masnavi based on the subject are: interpretation of Quranic verses and hadiths, interpretation of the stories of the prophets, interpretation of mystical, religious and jurisprudential, moral and philosophical issues.By examining the three books of Masnavi Manavi, 136 interpretations were extracted on these subjects, most of which consistes of interpretations of Quranic verses. Rumi has used various tricks to express interpretation; Interpretation from the language of the characters of the story, interpretation in the form of similes and metaphors, allegorical interpretation and causal interpretation are among them.

Reza Barahani, a contemporary writer, has criticized the socio-political and cultural structure of the society of his time in his numerous novels. In this article, an attempt has been made to critique and analyze one of these novels, The"Avaze koshtegan"(The song of the slain), from the view of the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School, with Emphasis on the Theories of Herbert Marcuse (1879-1979). The German philosopher and sociologist Marcuse is known as the spiritual father of the protest movements of the 1960s. In the novel "Avaze koshtegan"(The song of the slain), Baraheni describes the cultural struggle of the academic and intellectual strata, as well as the tools of" the ruling system in suppressing and dominating the people, questions the existing order and tries to improve the situation of his society.The achivement of the research is that Baraheni in his critique of the society of his time in three section of repressive tolerance, alternative society and culture industry has criticized the socio-political and cultural society and has tried to change the situation of his society with the tools of art and pen. Move towards the ideal utopian society of the Frankfurt Theorists