نشریه روانشناسی معاصر
سال پانزدهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

The aim of this research is studying of 2-sided message’s effects on persuasiveness of anti-drug messages by computational modeling method. It’s been done for getting more effective and more persuasive messages. Persuasiveness of messages is measured be perceived argument strength of them which is determined by audiences. In this research, according to formative researches, a method for measuring the perceived argument strength was developed. Then 3 types of messages with 3 different arguments and frames was used which 2 types of 2-sided messages (Anti/Pro and Pro/Anti) and 1 type of single-side messages was examined. The messages were displayed to the audiences through on-line questionnaires. Audiences were involved 10 persons with drug abusing experiences and 36 persons without any drug related experiences. In the questionnaires, audiences were asked about effectiveness of messages on them and their close friends. The comparison of means and standard deviations was done for 3 types of messages which ranked according their perceived argument strengths by 2 groups (with/without drug experiences) of audiences. In order to modeling the effects of factors other than (types of message and drug experience), mixed effects models were run to the data. The results showed that 2-sided messages are more persuasive than 1-sided messages and 2-sided messages with anti/pro frames are most effective messages to audiences with or without drug abusing experiences. In this type of messages, if first side of message be consistent with audience’s beliefs, then it will act like mental anchor and increases effectiveness of messages.

Tolerance has an influential role in peace making and adjustment in marital life and helps couples to have a stable marital life. According to the Islamic teachings, tolerance is the best way of dealing with couples’ differences in their relationships. The current research aims to develop and validate a scale to measure tolerance in spouses’ relations based on the Islamic approach. The items of the scale were prepared using religious texts (Quranic verses, Sayings, and Religious Interpretatorschr('39') Comments) and the validity of the scale was verified by a number of religious experts and family psychologists. Development and evaluation of psychometric properties of the scale were performed in five studies. In the first study, the reliability of the initial scale was calculated using the Cronbachchr('39')s alpha as .93 in a sample of 80 married men and women. In the second study, using a sample of 540 married men and women, 4 factors (acceptance and empathy toward to spouse,  emotional control and patience, facilitating the process of spousechr('39')s growth and actuation toward spouse, and beneficence and forgiveness toward spouse) and 20 items were discovered using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). In the second study, the reliability coefficients of each factor were calculated using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient and all of them were indicative of the proper internal consistency of the scale. In the third study, using a sample of 100 married women couples, the concurrent validity of the scale was confirmed, and in the fourth study, using a 30-member sample, the reliability of the scale was confirmed using re-test method. In the fifth study, using a sample of 369 married men and women, the four-factor scale of the scale was confirmed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). According to the results, the Tolerance in Spouses’ Relations Scale (TSRS) can be used as a valid tool for measuring tolerance in spouses’ relations.

This study performed to Comparison of Perfectionism, Parenting styles and Quality of Life in Women with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Healthy women. The design of the study is descriptive-causal comparative. The statistical population included all women with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Tehran's 5th, 11th, 13th and 19th districts in 1397. In this study, 44 patients referring to counseling and psychiatric clinics were selected using a clinical interview and Maudsley Obsessive- Complsive Inventory in- Access convenient . Also, 40 normal individuals who were matched in terms of demographic characteristics with obsessive compulsive group were selected using available sampling method. The subjects of the two groups responded to the Maudsley Obsessive- Complsive Inventory, baumarind parenting styles Scale, Hill’s perfectionism inventory and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in SPSS-18. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in perfectionism and quality of life (P<0.05). However, there was no meaningful difference between parenting styles in two groups (P<0.05). The results of this study point to the importance of perfectionism and quality of life in diagnosing and designing a treatment pattern for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Collective effort to enhance affective capital plays a unique role in promoting people's strength and vitality in work environments. This research was carried out with the aim of determining the relationship between affective-collective investment and conflict resolution efficacy with considering the mediating role of affective capital and sources of conflict resolution efficacy. In a correlation design based on structural equation modeling, 194 employees of Allas Milk Factory in Isfahan, trough convenience sampling participated in this study. The participants responded to the Affective-Collective Investment Questionnaire (1397/2018), Affective Capital Questionnaire (1395/2016), Conflict Resolution Efficacy Questionnaire (2000), and Sources of Conflict Resolution Efficacy Questionnaire (2007). Results revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between affective-collective investment with affective capital, conflict resolution efficacy and sources of conflict resolution efficacy. Results of bootstrap test and structural equation modeling indicated that affective capital and sources of conflict resolution efficacy are complete mediators on the relationship between affective-collective investment and conflict resolution efficacy. It seems that, through the strengthening of affective- collective investment, it is possible to create the context for the promotion of affective capital and sources of conflict resolution efficacy and then the conflict resolution efficacy in the workplace.

The Aim of this research was the effect of mediation role of loneliness on alexithymia and psychological well-being in adolescent girl with psychosomatic problems.

Among all high school female adolescents who in 2017-2018 had reffered to Mashhad education district 2 school counseling centers with psychosomatic problems complaints, 103 adolescents were selected, on the basis of cluster sampling method  and  then by Psychosomatic problems(Takata & Sakata) scale screening.The sample responded to Psychological Well-being (Ryff), Alexithymia Scale(Torento), Fear of negative evaluation (Leary) and Sense of loneliness (Dehshiri et all). After questionaies conducting and data collecting, data analysis was performed in descriptive and inferential statisticsin the way of multivariate analysis and structural equation modeling, using Spss24 and SmartPLS2  .

findings demonstrated that alexithymia significantly related negatively to the psychological well-being among female adolescent and loneliness mediated this relation partially.

The results of this study remind Education officials the importance of planning and providing appropriate educational and therapeutic packages in order to increase the psychological well-being of students, considering their feeling of loneliness and the problem of alexithymia so as to reduce the students psychosomatic problems.

Emotional disengagement is a stage in a couple's life in which the couple's positive feelings fade away and negative feelings replace them. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of sexual satisfaction in the association of love styles and emotional disengagement in married individuals. This was a descriptive correlational study. There were 418 participants (97 males and 321 females) selected through convenience sampling and completed the Emotional Disengagement and loneliness Scale, Love attitude scale and sexual satisfaction inventory. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis. The results of Pearson correlation revealed that there were significant relationships between Eros love styles, Storge, Pragma, Mania, Agape and also sexual satisfaction was significantly correlated with emotional disengagement. The results of path analysis also revealed that sexual satisfaction mediated the relationship between love styles and emotional disengagement. According to the results, sexual satisfaction and love styles have an influence on emotional disengagement and attention to these variables seems important and necessary to prevent emotional disengagement.

Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common psychological disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between psychosocial factors affecting social anxiety in which elements such as authoritarian parenting, emotion regulation, anxiety sensitivity, behavioral avoidance, perceived social support, and rumination examined. The present study was correlational with path analysis approach in which variables measured through the implementation of social anxiety symptoms questionnaire, parenting styles, difficulty setting in emotion regulation, anxiety sensitivity scale, multidimensional scales of perceived social support, Cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale and ruminal response scale on 410 (210 females and 200 males) students of University of Tabriz. Obtained Data analyzed through AMOS 23 and SPSS 21 statistical software. The analysis shows that the Authoritarian parenting style, weakness in emotion regulation and anxiety sensitivity with a high degree of significance (P <0.001) affect social anxiety and Social anxiety also significantly affects the lack of perceived social support, avoidance of behavior and rumination. Also, the values of fitting indices of the final model showed the optimal fit of the proposed model. According to the finding authoritarian parenting style as a beginning factor how can, directly and indirectly, produce short and long-term maladaptive consequences in areas such as emotion regulation, anxiety sensitivity, behavioral avoidance, perceived social support and most important of all social anxiety.

Dyslexia is a special learning disorder that specified by unexpected difficulties in words distinguishing, Reading fluency, spelling and decoding. Research evidence display that almost 80% of student who are distinguishing as learning disability, First, there are defects in reading skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of reading Instruction based on working memory multi-component architecture in 4 students with specific learning disorder in reading in an AB design. Intervention was presented in 20 sessions and data were analyzed using visual analysis and effect size index by R software. The disintegration analysis of all pairs (NAP), reflected a significant increase in the reading performance of the 4 participant than to the base line item. Findings of this initial and pioneer study seem promising to provide a multicomponent approach to treatment of multi-component deficits in specific learning disorders.

The present study was conducted with the aim to compare compassion-based therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to reduce fear of compassion and Self-criticism in people with heart failure. The design of the present study was a quasi-experimental. The statistical population of this study was all patients with heart failure referred to the failure center clinic of Tehran Heart Center, from which 10 people were selected for each group using available sampling method, for one experimental group, compassion-based therapy and for the second experimental group, mind-based therapy were performed, and members of all three groups answered the fear of compassion and Self-criticism questionnaires in two stages of pre-test and post-test. The obtained data from this study were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance, for this purpose, SPSS/21 software was used. The results of the present study showed that compassion-based therapy and cognitive therapy based on the presence of mind have a significant effect on reducing the fear of compassion and Self-criticism of heart patients (P <0.001). In addition, the results of the present study showed that compassion-based therapy has a greater effect on reducing fear of compassion than cognitive therapy based on the presence of the mind. However, no significant difference was found between the two treatments in reducing Self-criticism in patients with heart failure. According to the findings of this study, the active medical staff in the field of chronic diseases is better to prioritize psychological interventions and treatments in their treatment programs to help patients with heart failure.

Identifying suicide risk factors is important in intervening in suicide among adolescents. So, the aim of current study was to investigate the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between stressful life events and suicide ideation. The research design was descriptive – correlational. From the male adolescents’ population of Nourabad in academic year of 2019-2020, a total of 318 high school students were selected via multistage cluster sampling method and were tested using Stressful Life Events Inventory (Paykel, Brigitte, Prusoff & Uhlenhuth, 1971), Ruminative Response Scale (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991) and Beck Scale For Suicide Ideation (1979). To analyze the data Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling were conducted. The results showed that direct effect of stressful life events on rumination (β = 0.49, P< 0.001), direct effect of rumination on suicide ideation (β = 0.68, P< 0.001), and the direct effect of stressful life events on suicide ideation (β = 0.11, P< 0.01) were significantly positive. Also, results showed that the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between stressful life events and suicide ideation was significant (β = 0.33, P< 0.01). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that stressful life events and rumination as a cognitive element are two important factors affecting adolescents’ suicide ideation..