فصلنامه مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق خشک
پیاپی 43 (بهار 1400)

Compliance with the drought, due to the complex nature of the phenomenon, depends on a variety of social, economic, environmental, infrastructure and management factors, and the development process of villages located in drought conditions also depends on several factors that are caused by drought conditions. The drying of Lake Urmia has also made the necessity and importance of adapting rural settlements to the present conditions of this lake inevitable. The present research is carried out with the main purpose of forecasting rural-based rural drought management in the villages of Lake Urmia watershed. The research is applied-exploratory and based on the principles of future research. The results of the research showed that of the total of 67 variables affecting rural drought management based on Urmia Lake, 9 factors are considered to be the key driver: cultivating drought-resistant products, education and skills of villagers, Soil erosion control, attention to livelihoods diversity of villagers, implementation of drainage plans, use of sprinkler irrigation system and drainage, attracting villagers participation in implementation of Urmia lake restoration projects, insurance of agricultural products and livestock against accidents and coping with micro-organisms . Finally, with consideration of research findings, it is suggested that by adopting comprehensive social, technical and agricultural approaches, facilitating the adaptation of villages with drought conditions in Urmia Lake.

One of the Factors affecting on the trend of changes in dust phenomenon, is the fluctuations of climatic parameters and consequently drought. The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend of changes in Dust Index (DSI) and its relationship with drought indices (SPI and SPEI) in the southern range of Alborz. After of receiving the meteorological codes, seasonally-annually ten years DSI was calculated and zoned. Then standardized monthly DSI, SPI and SPEI stations with thirty-year period and assessment DSI temporal changes trends, using of Man Kendall and Petit statistical methods and finally, its correlation with SPI and SPEI was performed by Pearson method. The results showed that from west to east, increased the intensity of the dust and in spring was observed with maximum intensity. Annual changes of The DSI (2017-2008) are irregular and do not have a trend, as in 2008, the intensity of dust high and the next year sensible a decline, similar to 2016 and 2017 seen. Also the trend of DSI time changes showed that the west and central stations had a significant trend and as we move eastward the temporal changes were irregular and without significant trend. On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between DSI and SPI indices and there was a negative relationship between DSI and SPEI except for the western part of the region which in some stations is high-intensity, this significant relationship, and with standardization, this relationship becomes even more evident. In general, considering precipitation with temperature and evapotranspiration has shown a better correlation with the dust index, as well as changes in socioeconomic factors as an influential factor on dust should be discussed and examined.

unprincipled changes in land use are major challenges for many countries and different regions of the world, which in turn have devastating effects on natural resources, Therefore, the study of land-use changes has a fundamental and important role for environmental studies. The purpose of this study is to detect and predicting of land use/ land cover (LULC) changes in Darab plain through the Markov chain model and Cellular Automata or CA-Markov using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and technique Remote Sensing (RS). Thus, first, using Landsat satellite images and based on the maximum likelihood method, classification maps related to three different periods, including 1989 - 1999, 1999 - 2009, and 2009 - 2019 were prepared in seven different classes. Then, using two maps of 1989 and 2009 as basic and leading maps and combining the Markov chain model and automatic cells, a forecast map related to 2019 was produced. In the next step, the projected map of  2019 with the real map of the same year was evaluated based on the amount of agreement and disagreement parameters. Finally, after ensuring the accuracy of the forecast model, the land use map related to the years 1989 and 2019 entered the model and the land use map for the next 10 years, ie 1408, was predicted. According to the produced map, the types of Landuse will have significant changes and transformations, so that from the area of agricultural lands 419.4 hectares, from the area of mountains 8529.8 hectares, from the area of pastures 4287.9 hectares and finally from The area of water resources will be reduced by 270.88 hectares. On the other hand, the area of barren lands will be increased by 11113.6 hectares, garden use by 1926/31 hectares, and residential use by 459.08 hectares.

Futurism in land use planning with emphasis on key factors, drivers and lack of certainty of regional development in the planning space, allows the planner in the decision-making process on issues of high complexity and high uncertainty, focusing on Overcome key drivers to solve vague and elusive problems; And with these propellants as control levers, to map and manage the desired future. In the present study, with the participation of provincial administrators and university experts, an attempt has been made to identify the most important drivers affecting the feasibility of planning in Khorasan Razavi province. The process governing this research is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose, application and type of research method. The nature of the data is qualitative and the method of collecting data and information is library, documentary and survey (interview). By examining scientific sources, 107 factors affecting the feasibility of land use planning projects were identified, which were classified into 10 dimensions; The two groups and a total of 29 people, including managers of organizations related to the Land use planning process in the province and university experts were asked in a face-to-face and online questionnaire to make a pairwise comparison between the influential factors. Data analysis is based on futures research techniques such as environmental scanning, structural analysis and interaction analysis. The results showed that in the main factors of non-feasibility of land management plans, "economic" and "migration and marginalization" factors had the most impact, and among the sub-factors, "resource constraints, border location and lack of comprehensive knowledge of the entire study area" and "Lack of information, weakness of planning centers and low attendance of university centers" are among the first three important drivers and the variable "low participation of people in the implementation of development and macroeconomic projects (private capital)", "oil-based economy and rent economy structure" "And" inconsistency between the responsible organizations and the lack of a legal unit for land management "are in the next ranks.

The Agricultural Sector has the highest share in creating the water crisis in Iran; therefore managing optimal use of water resources is inevitable. The purpose of this study is to investigate educational- extension strategies for optimal water consumption management to deal with drought in Dorroh section. This research was conducted by survey method and the data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was one of the progressive farmers in Doroh area. In this study, two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. In order to evaluate the effect of the four main components of the questionnaire on optimal water consumption management, structural equations modeling was used. Examination of the factor loading effect of the components of the questionnaire on optimal consumption management showed that among these components, the extension component in the field of optimal water consumption management with an average of 3.96 and the effectiveness of farmers' participation in the field of optimal water consumption management with an average of 3.61 Plays the least role. By prioritizing the research items by farmers, it is suggested that more researchers, promoters and experts in the field of agricultural water management methods cooperate, more farmers participate in water planning and flood management in order to irrigate the table. Groundwater and water supply to be used for agriculture and surface water storage from the common border with Afghanistan.

Nowadays, studying and surveying the indicators of sustainable development in different dimensions can be an appropriate criterion to determine the status of areas and regions in terms of locative and spatial distribution of proper facilities as well as a factor to resolve the problems in order to achieve economic, social, cultural and environmental prosperity of urban residents. 

With this approach, the present research aims to analyze and determine the sustainability levels of the regions and urban areas of Kashan in terms of sustainable development indicators in the nine criteria.  While demonstrating the level of quality of life of the inhabitants, the facilities and deficiencies and degree of stability of the areas and regions identified, the research is to provide programs and strategies to reduce deficiencies and deprivation in areas and regions. 

Regarding the purpose, the type of research is applied and in terms of the method of administration, it is descriptive-analytical. Taking into account the integrated indicators of sustainable development and with the combined approach of multi-criteria decision-making models such as DEMATEL, ANP and TOPSIS, the researcher attempts to answer this question; “How is the locative and spatial development pattern in the levels of the areas and regions of Kashan?”

The results of the research display that the locative-spatial development pattern throughout the areas and regions of Kashan is unbalanced in all selected indicators in three levels of benefited, semi-benefited and less-benefited ones; the areas and regions do not benefit the same conveniences and services. Regarding these issues, the resources, aptitudes, social, economic and environmental capitals and urban capable lands should be applied to eliminate the spatial shortages required in the regions and areas in proportion to sustainability indicators.