پژوهشنامه تاریخ، سیاست و رسانه
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 16، زمستان 1400)

After years of efforts, Iran succeeded in obtaining the approval of the King (Mozaffar al-Din Shah) to form the National Assembly in 2006. The removal of Mohammad Ali Shah and the representation of Nasser al-Molk were important events until the formation of the second parliament. In Iran, a solid foundation had not been laid as necessary for the formation of a parliament and government that were in regular contact with each other. The presence of other governments in Iran, the most important of which were Russia and Britain, was itself a major obstacle. Also, the presence of great politicians, each of whom pursued his own policy, exacerbated the situation. With the formation of the parliament, ideas were raised to improve the situation in Iran, which resulted in a vote to hire an American adviser who was an important and neutral country. That's why Mr. Schuster came to Iran with a delegation and worked as the general treasurer. But first, by reducing the power of the aristocracy and elders, shortening the hand of foreigners in Iran, etc., he caused large-scale attacks against him. Despite Schuster's departure from Iran, the political pressure was so great that the second parliament was dissolved, resulting in the government and the viceroy taking over the main power. A number of books and articles on the ultimatum refer to the situation in Iran and the role of Russia, which are cited in this article as sources. We are going to point out the role of Britain and talk about British support for Russia. In this article, analytical-descriptive method and help from library resources have been used.

Passive defense refers to a set of measures that do not require the use of weapons and ammunition and by implementing it, it is possible to prevent financial damage to vital, sensitive and important military and civilian equipment and facilities, as well as human casualties or reduce the amount of damage and casualties caused by enemy attacks and bombings to a minimum. The history of applying the principles of passive defense dates back to primitive humans. In this study, it was found that the principles of passive defense that Imam Ali (as) has used in his wars are: explaining the purpose of jihad, strengthening the spirit of martyrdom, weakening the enemy's psychological strength, choosing the appropriate combat position, monitoring enemy activity and Warning, determining reserve and precautionary forces, maintaining military secrets, obedience to the commander, training, protecting and defending the weaker and wounded, tactical retreat.

"Global security" is based on a new system; Accordingly, special principles and bases are considered, the result of which is to ensure security for all nations; Global security has a problematic universal approach. Thus, in international relations, from the beginning of the formation of state-cities to the emergence of state-nations and welfare states, and even in the age of globalization, the main concern of international actors has been to gain and maintain power and establish security; Security in the world community is based on the image that although the international system is violated in terms of sovereign and unified sovereignty and experiences an environment of chaos, although its rejection this means to have a minimal cooperation for protection. There is no stability on a global scale; Cooperation that forms a security policy or regime; In other words, national actors realized that their security on the world stage was linked to the security of other actors and that it was in the light of a collective effort that they could achieve general security for all countries; This is the difference between "security" and "global"; Therefore, it can be said that at a time when the dominant discourse of international relations was realism and neo-realism, Morgenthau's discourse is true that the assessment of power begins with military capability and then with capabilities that directly affect military capability. It comes and goes along with capabilities that indirectly lead to military capability. In this study, we seek to study and analyze the impact of globalization on the theoretical and conceptual aspects of national security of governments in the 21st century and have used a descriptive-analytical method.

Since poverty has had economic, social and political effects on societies, throughout history it has attracted the minds and thoughts of many politicians and scientists to reduce this great problem. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting the reduction of Shiite poverty in Afghanistan. This research has been done using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and using Expert Choice software, the factors affecting poverty reduction have been ranked. Findings of research in Afghanistan show that the four main factors in reducing Shiite poverty in this country include social factors of poverty, economic factors of poverty, political-governmental factors of poverty and cultural factors of poverty, each of which has specific indicators that A total of 30 indicators have been identified for four factors. The results show that the policy-government factor of poverty with a coefficient (0.469) located in the first rank and the criteria of economic factor of poverty, social factor of poverty and cultural factor of poverty with a coefficient (0.268, 0.152 and 0.112)located in the second and third and fourth ranks, respectively. The ranking of the three main indicators generally shows that the index of corruption and abuse of power in government agencies, capital flight (due to foreign wars and civil strife) and the government's shortfall in social security, security Food, housing and public health are ranked first to third with the highest weight (0.102, 0.096 and 0.088), respectively.

This article is dedicated to examining the relationship between the issue of hijab and the attitude of female students towards the political values of the Islamic Republic of Iran. And it addresses the question of to what extent the attitude of female students about hijab is positively or negatively correlated with their attitude towards the political values of the Islamic Republic. And it tests the hypothesis that, contrary to expectations, the attitude of female students towards the issue of hijab has little to do with their attitude towards the fundamental political values of the Islamic Republic. The model of this research is based on Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical framework and it is concluded from the research that although the attitude of female students towards hijab is not a kind of opposition to the political values of the Islamic Republic, but these girls are opposed to many values and policies of the Islamic Republic.

In this study, in order to investigate the impact of women on politics in the Islamic Republic of Iran according to the model of good governance, first by defining politics and an overview of all the characteristics of good governance but emphasizing the five main components desired by the author and reviewing the research Previous and current theories and new and a little earlier and the identification of some key factors affecting women's policy and its obstacles will be analyzed and solutions to increase or improve it will be provided. In this research, first the descriptive-analytical method is used to review the available information and then the comparative method of each of the components of good governance in politics will be analyzed and the research result will be finalized in a general comparison to how and to what extent. Extract the influence of women in the field of politics.