پژوهشنامه حج و زیارت
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 14، پاییز 1400)

This research investigates the conventional and obligatory precept of entering Mecca without iḥrām due to the need to quarantine pilgrims of the House of God in the hotels of this holy city. The findings of this research- achieved by analyzing the evidence, referring to library sources, and using software- indicate the jurists’ consensus that pilgrims should not be permitted to enter the Shrine and the holy city of Mecca without iḥrām. From this precept, the jurists exclude only the sick and those who only pass the Shrine and do not intend to perform the rituals. Nevertheless, it seems that it is permissible for the pilgrims under question to enter the holy city of Mecca without iḥrām and there is no need for atonement because narrations reveal that iḥrām is obligatory for a person who enters the Shrine and the holy city of Mecca to perform the rituals. Therefore, this precept does not include pilgrims who intend to enter the Shrine and the holy city of Mecca to be in quarantine. It means, after passing the quarantine periods and receiving their health certificates, pilgrims are permitted to intend to perform the rituals. They must return to the nearest mīqāt for this purpose; otherwise, they will become muhrim from Adni al-Hal.

One of the issues raised about Hajj is how to determine the place of performing the obligatory or recommended ṭawāf prayer and the role of the Holy Mosque in this process. Although it seems that ṭawāf prayer should be performed inside Masjid al-Haram; assuming that the station of Ibrahim (Maqām Ibrāhīm) is moved from the current location to the developed area or outside of Masjid al-Haram (e.g., to al-Masa'a or Shi'b Abi Talib), the capacity of Masjid al-Haram for performing ṭawāf prayer, especially behind or next to the station of Ibrahim, is one of the issues whose rules are not very clear because no comprehensive and integrated research has been done in this field. Relying on the analysis of jurisprudential sources, the necessity of performing the obligatory ṭawāf prayer behind the station of Ibrahim indicates that if the station of Ibrahim is transferred from the current place in ​​the Holy Mosque to the developed area or out of it (to al-Masa'a or Shi'b Abi Talib), the prayer must be performed behind or next to the station. This research seeks to recognize the limits and areas of the evidence and jurisprudential explanations about the role of the Holy Mosque in performing ṭawāf prayer. Achieving this goal was possible by describing and analyzing the jurisprudential propositions by collecting library data, the result of which was that Masjid al-Haram does not play any role in determining the place of performing the obligatory ṭawāf prayer in the aforementioned case.

Jurists always discuss performing of Hajj by using children’s properties. Some narrations permit parents to use only the properties of their immature children; while, others confirm the generality of using property and are somehow in conflict with the narrations of the first category. In general, if a parent needs his child’s property, he is permitted to take it as alimony; otherwise, he is not permitted to withdraw the property because of the generalities in لا یحل مال امرئ مسلم and the consent conditioned in verse 29 of Surah al-Nisa. Regarding the obligatory Hajj, due to his guardianship in possession, the parent can use his immature child’s property as a loan. This descriptive-analytical research seeks to resolve the conflict between the two categories of the narrations. By examining jurists’ for and against words and analyzing the arguments of each group, the research analyzes different dimensions of the issue.

The adequacy of the Hajj pilgrimage performed by a child is a challenging jurisprudential issue, assuming that his maturity takes place in one of the wugufs, because until the 6th century AH, Imamiyyah jurists were certain claimants of the adequacy of the Hajj pilgrimage performed by a child, assuming that he got maturity before reaching one of the wuqufs. However, the first figure who doubted the fatwa was Mohaqiq Helli. Fayz Kashani, one of the jurists in the 11th century AH, basically denies the adequacy of this pilgrimage. The reason for deviating from certain claims to denial in jurisprudential periods is made clear by doing the genealogy of this fatwa, and analyzing the stages of its evolution and the arguments cited in each period. This descriptive-analytical research explains those documents and arguments that reject the adequacy of this pilgrimage. The research also reviews the Imamiyyah jurisprudential works to do the genealogy and discuss the quality of the evolution of the fatwa over many centuries to find out the reasons for differences of opinions. According to this research, the most important reason for differences is the refining and generalizing of the reason for the percept, done by the predecessors, from the Hajj pilgrimage performed by a mature man to the Hajj pilgrimage performed by an immature child. But later on, it was gradually questioned and finally denied. Since there is no plausible reason for proving the adequacy of the Hajj pilgrimage performed by an immature child in the aforementioned case, its inadequacy is acceptable.

Review:What is controversial about the status of Hajj there is that it makes thousands of Muslims different from the rest of the world every year.In these places, ihram is closed, which leads to the house of Beit Hala al-Haram, to be one of the greatest pillars of Sharia.He is right and he has acted according to the Quranic command to make Hajj obligatoryPilgrims, including Iranians, are on their way to Medina. An essential researcher is visiting himDhu al-Halifa and the axis of Shajreh Mosque to examine the legitimacy of ihram of the people of Medina and its limits,The only place to discuss the necessity of ihram inside the mosque or the adequacy of ihram from outside or anywhere in the villageIt is Zul-Khalifa. Our main question in this research is whether it can develop the Shajre Sharia mosqueIs it permissible? The method of processing this question will be analytical and critical based on revelatory and narrative evidenceWas. The most important result is that the basis for the development of the ruling on the permission of ihram from any point of Dhu al-Halifa toThe area of ​​Bidaa is incorrect, but the thematic development of the ruling on the permission of Ihram outside the mosque is a correct and reasoned basis., Is in question.

“Hajj and diplomacy” and “pilgrimage and diplomacy” are among the topics of discussion in the macro-subject of “Hajj studies”. Believing in the necessity of promoting diplomacy in Iran and focusing on a significant amount of failures due to misunderstanding of religion and religious teachings are among the justifiable reasons for discussing “Hajj teachings” in promoting diplomacy. Meanwhile, the religious, economic, cultural, and political dimensions of the Hajj teachings have significant potential for promoting Iranian diplomacy. This inferential-analytical research aims to review the Qur’anic texts and narrations on Hajj to discover and observe the potential of these teachings in promoting diplomacy. Thus, the Qur’anic texts and narrations on Hajj, under the themes of “annual conference on Hajj and the necessity of rethinking and promoting public diplomacy in a multinational and multicultural space”, “the joint plan of action of al-Ḥudaybiyyah peace and multilateral negotiation diplomacy focusing on the Hajj visa”, “teachings of Hajj and diplomacy for world peace”, “human rights diplomacy of Hajj”, “the Shrine and absolute security of man and animals: a foundation for the promotion of humanitarian diplomacy” and “teachings of Hajj and the need to pay attention to environmental diplomacy” were reviewed.

The purpose of this study is to study the components of succession breeding and use the meta-analysis method to obtain the effective size of each of them (Case study: Hajj and Pilgrimage Organization). To do this, after studying the research literature and identifying the components of substitution breeding from it, they were classified and separated and the components were extracted. This research is based on the purpose of applied research and based on descriptive and exploratory nature. In terms of method, meta-analysis technique has been used to extract the results, which is a qualitative study. In the present study, articles published in various sources have been used. At the beginning of the study, in the first stage, 81 studies were collected. In the second stage, those articles that had p-value, t-value and other statistics were separated from each other. Of these, 44 accepted articles were used. According to the findings of this study, due to the lack of a succession model in the Hajj and Pilgrimage Organization, the success of the succession program is prone to success, and this can be due to the appropriate potential in succession management and the amount of strategic improvement of human resources, the organization's commitment to succession. Senior management support in the path of career advancement.