فصلنامه لسان مبین (پژوهش ادب عرب)
پیاپی 47 (بهار 1401)

Critical discourse analysis is a new approach to discourse analysis that has been used in recent decades in a wide range of research in the fields of literature and psychology. It is also considered as one of the new trends in linguistics, which reveals the ideological views of the author by infiltrating the substrates and superstructures of texts at all their micro and macro levels and explains the relationship between language, authority and ideology. Although the critical discourse analysis approach prioritizes the relationship between language, power, ideology and discourse, nations' literature can also be analyzed and interpreted in the context of critical discourse and linguistic criticism. In the same respect, the Seven Pendants are among the works that can be studied in the context of critical discourse analysis. It allows the analyst to uncover the relationship between power, ideology, and discourse in this work. Van Dyck's theory is a sociocognitive model that critically analyzes texts and uses various methods to study text and speech strategies and their relationship to social and political spheres. In the same context, the purpose of this article is a socio-cognitive analysis of the comments of Amr and Al-Harith by relying on Van Dyck's ideological quadrant in discourse analysis that examines the subject of the commentators from the perspective of affirming the ego (the self) and marginalizing the other (the censor) Both poets sought to assert their collective honor and prove their tribal dominance over the censor. The final conclusion shows that highlighting t

Dystopian literature tries to describe the turbulent, corrupt, and shaky societies from which citizens try to flee. Because a utopia is only theoretically written and described. This is while dystopia has covered the utopia of the poets an oblivion veil literally and realistically, leaving it only in poets’, writers’, and philosophers’ minds as a hope or ideal. The two cities are at war with each other, with utopia trying to reform society, and dystopia trying to destroy it. We knew that poetry is a human effort to change the social society, the raw material of which is to be found in the events of society, so Abdul Razzaq Al-Rubaie has incorporated dystopia in all his poetry with all the corruption, discrimination, poverty and war in his poetry after seeing his country in the grip of war, the battle and the destruction of all infrastructure and the environment. The present paper employed a descriptive-analytic method to discover dystopian axes in Abdul Razzaq al-Rubaie's poetry, such as war, environmental degradation, and antiquities, chaos, and alien domination over the country by observing and finding these axes. We found that the poet tried to express the oppression and discrimination in his society, considering Iraq an important center in dystopian literature. The poet was able to reveal subjects and subjects that no poet could dare to say.

The novel forms important aspects of psychological activities, especially the novel “My First Love” by the magic of Khalifa, which is rich with its artistic productions, which is rich in creations that embody and highlight the complex psychological states of the creator and recipient. Structural analysis tries to find in the narratives that are not counted some basic trends and some major structures, so it resorts to structural psychology, where it finds its desired approach. Through these trends, we see Levi Strauss's constructive psychological direction in the opposite way, and the use of contradiction, conflict, and contrasting system, reveals some of what is wandering mindfully, inspiring with a heart, and circulating between mind and emotion in the novel. From this standpoint, this study refers to the psychoanalytic trend that emanates from the contradictory and conflicting dualism theory of Levi Strauss in the novel “My First Love” within the structural, descriptive and analytical approach through a study of the novel models. The study showed that all aspects of life in the novel of My First Love are the result of the tension between the poles of this duality, and this duality is the way of life of the Palestinian community at that time and what affects their daily life and extends to all their psychological attitudes and their social organization, and the opposing dichotomies and major movements in the history of the people. Some moments fill the story, while the goal of these dichotomies is to complement each other

The idea of commitment in literature means that the writer and poet must use their intellectual and artistic talents and abilities in the service of society, and in honest and expressive language, without inclining to personal motives or a specific political party or group, illustrating the demands. Be the hopes and aspirations of the people. The poem "The earth has come back to us " composed by Farouk Gouida, a contemporary Egyptian poet, has emerged as a beautiful example of committed poetry. This poem depicts the painful political reality of Egyptian society, which shows tyranny, corruption, imprisonment, poverty, hunger, and deprivation of social freedoms. This ode is a charter of commitment that Farouk Gouida has expressed his views on the political and social issues of the Arab Spring in Egypt. The ode uses the language of revolutionary poetry and the poet has opposed all the mentioned phenomena in it. The poet's patriotism and revolutionaries and his deep connection with the problems of society are rippling through it. This study concludes that Farouk Gouida was fully aware of the events of the Arab Spring revolution in Egypt and its variables, and he was also aware of the social situation that Egypt had reached before the revolution, as the authority had dominated society due to corruption and injustice, leaving only the ruling class and his assistants from corrupt officials and businessmen benefiting from it. The poor class was the majority of the people who suffered tyranny and restriction in all areas life.

The time and narrative paradoxes are of the basic techniques embedded in the novels, and by removing them, the narration and the key notion intended by the narrator to convey to the audience fade. Time, along with other narrative elements, plays an important role in determining the nature, form and structure of the narration; and form is also closely related to time element processing. The Novel “Caine! Where Is Your Brother Abel?” tells the story of the events during the rule of Karamanlides over Libya. The main theme is the murder of a brother by a younger brother to win the throne and determines the position of each character in search of their ego. The importance of reading this novel is in depicting a specific era in the history of Libya and linking the audience to this work and the artistic mastery of its author. He brought together history, literature, reality and fantasy. This article examines time paradoxes, focusing on the flashbacks, internal and external foresight and its motivations with a critical-analytical approach to other time-related narrative techniques, such as an acceleration in narration. All these occurred in the elimination, slowing down of narration speed, pause and dialogue scene. , suddenly and without the intervention of the novelist. In order to pause, the novelist used description as one of the techniques of slowing down and linking the dialogue scene with other narrative functions. The description of the characters is one of the most beautiful narrative pauses used by the author.

Focalization is the reduction of the narrator’s field and confining his information, that is, choosing a type of channel that conveys the news from the narrator to his reader in the novel. “Destinies” is a novel that describes the lives of Palestinians after the Nakba. If the Holocaust (The massacre of the Jews There is no doubt that this incident is fake), contained in the sub-title of the novel, is a media-trafficking event, the real Holocaust in "destinies" is what the Palestinian has been living under occupation for more than 70 years. Rabai Al-Madhoun tried to describe the conditions of the displaced Palestinians and who remained in occupied Palestine in the form of four movements centered on one pair in each move and clarify their position on this issue. This is what turns the focus in this novel into a point of compass and hangs over the other elements and revolves (Like character, plot ...) around these elements and all this was done according to the descriptive-analytical method. The author begins the novel with external blasphemy to encourage the reader to read by creating questions and ambiguities within it. Then, using the zero focus and giving more information, the reader becomes familiar with the characters of the novel and while approaching the most emotional moments in the novel .