نشریه پژوهش های معاصر در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 21 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

The main purpose of this study is to The Impact of Mass Media on the Development of Awareness of Sports Law in the Field of Sports Civil Liability. The research design was correlational based on the applied purpose and descriptive-analytical data collection. All staff members of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, officials of the National Olympic Committee and presidents of sports federations, as well as a number of professors specializing in sports law were considered as a statistical population. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed with emphasis on the opinions of managers and legal and media experts. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on CVR and CVI values and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.81. Data analysis method was performed using structural equation modeling in PLS software. In this regard, the fit of the structural model, measurement model and the model as a whole were evaluated using appropriate criteria. Research findings indicate that mass media including Internet media (websites and social networks), then visual media (television), print media (newspaper , Book ...) and audio media (radio) have a positive and significant effect on raising awareness of sports civil liability of athletes, coaches, managers, referees and spectators, and these four media can predict 75% of changes in sports civil liability awareness. Internet, visual, print and visual media had the highest impact on the awareness of sports civil liability, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to establish the Performance evaluation framework For Iranian professional football league organization: With Grounded Theory Approach.

This research was qualitative in terms of methodology and Grounded theory was used. The statistical population of the research was experts (18 samples) and the statistical sample was selected using theoretical and objective sampling method. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. The data were analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding and analyzed through MAXQDA 12 software.

Analysis of The data showed that The causative Factors Including (planning, organizing, Refereeing and coaching, and clubs),the underlying conditions (Information Technology, Transfers, The Security , protection and health of the league), Influential factors (Public and cultural relations), Approaches (technical and development, sport Commerce and marketing, financial and support strategies) and finally outcomes(customer satisfaction, The improvement of the economic situation and the prosperity of the football industry, the Held professional sporting events, The increase in the effectiveness of human resources, Filling leisure time and The improvement of the clubs’ performance) Were identified and linked to each other. Finally, the paradigm and theoretical model of the quality of the professional league organization of Football were formed.

As a result, it can be said that the performance of the professional football league organization in Iran Is far from reaching the desired and expected level, due to its limitations, which have been created under the influence of various .

Purpose of this study was to definition the role of team identification on football fans intentions to attendance mediated by attendance constraints conducted on Esteghlal Tehran Football Club. The research method in this study is descriptive - correlation and SEM was applied to survey the research hypothesis. The number of 550 fans of Esteghlal and team were selected as the research. In order to measure the research variables including attendance constraints, team identification, and intentions to attendance, the questionnaires of Rocha and Fleury (2017) were applied. The validity and accuracy of the questionnaires confirmed by the experts and the reliability of the test questions were confirmed via Cronbach’s alpha test. The results illistrate that team identification with a coefficient of -0.41 impact attendance constraints and with a coefficient of 0.66 impact fans intentions to attendance. On the other hand, attendance constraints with a coefficient of -0.83 impact fans’ intentions to attendance. According to the results of the present study, two things are suggested. On the on hand, by developing and reinforcing fans’ team identification, reduce their perception of constrains to attend in stadiums. On the other hand, by solving and facilitating constrains help fans intention to attend in stadiums

The present study aims to investigate the effect of sports participation and media participation in social capital. The research method was descriptive correlational in terms of practical purpose and field data collection method. The statistical population of the study, the citizens of Gilan province, had sports activities (public sports) and according to the table of Morgan and Krejcie, the statistical sample for the community of more than 10 thousand people was estimated at 384 people . The research instruments included three sports participation questionnaires, media participation and social capital. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis method and path analysis were used in PLS software. The results showed that sports participation and participation in the media space had a direct and significant effect on social capital. Comparison of the results indicates that the amount of social capital with a coefficient of 0.82 is improved through media participation and with a coefficient of 0.76 through sports participation . It can be acknowledged that this effect is not very different. Also pay attention to the features and achievements of sports participation compared to participation in the media space such as : More facilities and services, easier access, low cost, diverse, reliable and increasing responsibility and vitality and physical and mental health, show the advantage of sports participation compared to participation in the media space in promoting social capital .

The purpose of this study was to investigate the opportunities and management challenges of outsourcing to the private sector in government sports organizations. The research method was mixed. Data were obtained by studying 130 articles and interviewing 34 experts in the field of outsourcing. The Delphi method was used to reach a consensus. The statistical population of the interview consisted of all experts related to sports outsourcing in the country. The non-random sampling method was targeted and available and continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The interviews were coded and the validity and reliability of the coding were examined. In a quantitative part, a questionnaire was designed. Content validity of the study was confirmed by 10 professors and Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability. In order to measure the effect of factors, structural equation modeling in Smart PLS3 software was used. Research findings showed Sports managers can improve the performance and also increase the productivity of sports organizations and thus the growth of our country's sports by carefully examining the opportunities and challenges of outsourcing and the correct implementation of this strategy; Therefore, it is suggested that the esteemed government formulate comprehensive and strategic goals and programs related to outsourcing and privatization in sports using the outsourcing experiences of the past years and establish an efficient and strong control and supervision system in the matter of transfers.

The present study was designed and implemented to presenting a tax development model in Iranian professional football.The present study was a mixed research was conducted qualitatively and quantitatively.The statistical sample of the research in the qualitative part included elites aware of the subject of the research.Based on the selection of snowballs,until11people were identified as the research sample until the theoretical saturation was reached. Also,in the quantitative part of the present study,In sports, some experts of the country's tax affairs organization and some experts of the Iranian Football Federation were added to the statistical community.The number of these people was determined to be150after initial estimates.Data collection tools included a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to evaluate the research findings,open,axial and selective coding in qualitative part and mark test and structural equation test in quantitative section were used.whole process of data analysis was performed inSPSS software version17and PLS version2.The results showed that the causal conditions affecting the development of tax policies in Iranianfootball include legal ,management ,regulatory ,human and databases.The results also showed that the underlying conditions affecting development of tax policies in Iranian football include cultural characteristics,technical infrastructure,organizational support and financial status of football.The results showed that the intervening conditions affecting the development of tax policies in Iranian football include macro and micro factors.The results also showed that the consequences of the development of tax policies in Iranian football include individual and organizational consequences.Finally,the present study found that the model of the present study has a good fit.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the management principles of sponsors of commercial advertising in sports fields. This research is an applied research in terms of result and purpose, a descriptive-correlational research in terms of research strategy, which was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study includes all CEOs, marketing and sales managers of sponsors companies with commercial advertisements in sports fields in the fields of football, volleyball, wrestling, futsal, karate and taekwondo, chairmen of marketing committees of sports federations, CEOs of Premier League clubs in the fields Football, basketball, volleyball and futsal in the 98-97 season and university specialists and professors in the field of sports marketing (230 people). Van Heirdon (2004) Sponsorship Principles Questionnaire was used to collect data. In data analysis, descriptive statistics were used to classify the data, and in testing the research hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis models were used in Amos software and one-sample t-test in SPSS software was used. Findings showed that the principles of sponsor management, marketing and communication, the coherence of the elements of marketing communication around financial support as the principles of financial support for advertising in sports stadiums and stadiums are acceptable. Also, the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model of sponsors' goals is sufficiently appropriate. It is important for sponsors to follow their principles in the sporting event, so advertising should be done in accordance with their principles and values, and this is very effective in attracting and retaining sports sponsors.

This study aimed to design a motivational model for the tenure of sports organizations and emphasize provincial sports boards. The research method mixed and exploratory with documentary studies and Delphi interviews to compile the research tools of the researcher-made questionnaire "Organizational and Individual Motivational Factors" in the statistical community, including: In the statistical population, including professors of sports management specializing in organizational behavior, main official managers of Sports and Youth also, heads of sports boards of provinces, more than (N=1400) active people were estimated. And in the qualitative section: by the theoretical (judgment) sampling method and in the quantitative section: random cluster sampling, 384 people were selected as the sample. The findings showed: Among the dimensions of individual motivation: "individual political factors" had the highest and " Interpersonal interaction factors" had the lowest rank and in the dimensions of organizational motivation: "organizational political factors" had the highest and "organizational social factors" had the lowest rank. Individual motivation also has a positive and significant effect on organizational motivation and can explain 0.81% of changes in organizational motivation factors directly with a strong effect size of 0.63. Job enthusiasm also has a significant relationship with the organizational motivation of individuals for the position of head of provincial sports boards with a strong effect size of 0.57. Therefore, the personal, organizational, and job motivations of the candidates for the post of chairman of the boards can provide the best option for the chairman of the selection board.

Among various threatening factors to sports, athletes and sport organizations, the use of drugs and energy substances among athletes is considered as one of the most important of these threats. The usage of drugs among the athletes has constantly become common during recent years, especially at the level of professional sports and elit athletes, which is one of the challenging issues in the field of sports and related organizations. The purpose of the current research is a qualitative analysis factors inhibiting the use of drugs in athletes. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with athletes, coaches and the president of the sport federations who were directly involved in the doping issue. After conducting the interviews, open and axial coding was performed using Grounded Theory method. To analyze the data collected from MAXQDA 2018 software was used. Finally, based on the findings, 9 factors were identified as inhibitors of ergogenic substances among athletes.

The purpose of this paper was to design a competences model of club managers in Iranian Football Premier League. This research was based on the purpose of applied research and was a descriptive-survey research. The method of qualitative research was the type of theme analysis. In order to identify the dimensions, components and criteria of the suitability of Iranian Premier League club managers. A preliminary questions was prepared after studying theoretical foundations using library resources and so, we conducted qualitative interviews with experts of this area. The criterion for selection of these people was researchers and scientific experience and work background. Data collection was done from 13 interviews and then coded and analyzed by theme analysis method. The initial list of interviews included 456 codes which, after reviewing, final analysis and three stages of coding, the final list for developing a competency model of managers, comprising 86 criteria and 16 components and 3 dimension of competency (individual, interpersonal and managerial skills). personal skills includes 7 components (technical and professional competence, academic and scientific knowledge, personality traits, technology, professional ethics, innovation and creativity and adaptability, and business skills); interpersonal skills included 5 components (communication skills, behavioral skills, social skills, political and cultural Intelligence, and customer orientation); and managerial skills included 4 components (human resource management, occupational characteristics, financial and legal skills and managerial characteristics). The results of this research suggest a desirable competency model that is essential and inevitable given the issues facing football clubs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational performance virtualization on organizational sustainability with the mediating role of human resource enhancement and organizational wisdom. The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of Tehran Municipality Sports Organization (N = 480), Also, the statistical sample of the research was selected using Morgan sampling table and stratified randomly from Tehran Municipality Sports Organization (n = 215). In order to collect data from one personal information questionnaire and four organizational virtualization questionnaires (William Stride, 2007), organizational micro-questionnaire (Brown and Green, 2006) and human capital synergy questionnaire (Ahmadi et al., 2017) and organizational sustainability questionnaire (Dick and. Et al., 2012) were used. The validity of these questionnaires was confirmed by seven professors of sports management at the Islamic Azad University of Hamadan, Also, the reliability of the questionnaires was 0.92, 0.87, 0.94 and 0.89 using Cronbach's alpha test, respectively. In this research, in order to analyze the collected data, first the questionnaire questions are described at the descriptive level using statistical indicators and then at the inferential level to check the accuracy of the hypotheses and the relationships between the research variables using the path analysis technique. Smart PLS software version 3 is used. The most important results obtained from the research indicate that the structural virtualization of the organization has a significant effect on organizational stability with the mediating role ...

Physical education as a unit in schools is aimed at promoting the health of students, and the health of individuals is very important in terms of a healthy and strong society and guarantees survival, as well as maintaining the independence of society and the country. The aim of present study is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the success of schools offering specialized sports disciplines in Iran northwest provinces. The research method is qualitative and exploratory. The population is include of managers, deputies, sports experts, and physical education teachers in the northwestern provinces of the country (West Azerbaijan province, East Azerbaijan province, Ardabil province, Zanjan province). Sampling method was non-probability sampling, with purposeful selection and with maximum variability or heterogeneity. The sample size in this study was 60 based on the theoretical saturation. Using Strauss and Corbin approach, the interview measurement tool was open interviews, analyzed based on three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Based on data analysis, 56 primary concepts (first level) and 7 major categories (second level) were identified. The resources identified included socio-cultural, financial, facility, funds, technological, economic and managerial resources.

Beach soccer is an emerging sport and long-term and comprehensive planning is essential for development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compile a document on the strategic development of beach soccer in Iran using the SWOT method. The research method was descriptive and in the form of strategic studies. This research was applied in terms of purpose and the information was collected in the field in a mixed qualitative and quantitative method. The statistical population in the quantitative section included prominent beach soccer managers and coaches (75 people) and in the qualitative section, 18 experts. Due to the limited membership, the community became equal to the sample. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by 10 professors of university sports management and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (83α =). The findings showed that in beach soccer, there are eight strengths, eight weaknesses, neither opportunities nor threats, and using SWOT analysis, 12 strategies were obtained and prioritized. Development and productivity of human resources, creating an integrated system of talent management and designing and establishing a system of evaluation and performance management, should be a priority for officials.