فصلنامه زبان شناسی اجتماعی
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 15، تابستان 1400)

Despite differences in social factors such as age, education, ethnicity, and social status, a kind of linguistic convergence is formed among football spectators. The linguistic manifestation of this convergence is the production and repetition of slogans. Many of these slogans are considered taboo in Iranian culture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the verbal convergence between spectators and the formation of taboos in the stadium and also the effect of age and education on the convergence and use of taboos. The research data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with 52 spectators in 4 matches in Azadi Stadium. The participants were of different ages and had different levels of education. The results show that there is a significant relationship between age and linguistic convergence and taboo production. Education has a significant relationship with linguistic convergence, but it does not show a significant relationship with the use of taboos. Finally, the research classifies the 76 slogans expressed in the stadium, based on their structure and function in 7 different groups. The results of this study can help linguists, sociologists, senior managers, and researchers to better identify culture and language in Iran and in weak social networks.

In accordance with the prominence of names and their influence on social relations, this study intended to investigate restauranteurs' attitudes on socio-onomastic factors (national, international, and religious identities) and restaurants' names in two areas of high and low socioeconomic status in Shiraz. The target population in this study was 60 restaurant owners from two different districts of Shiraz city. In order to assess the target population, a questionnaire adapted from Hussein, Nofal, and Mansour’s (2015) study was applied in this research. The results revealed significant differences in the attitudes of the restaurant owners in the area of high socioeconomic status compared with the area of low socioeconomic status in that they were more optimistic toward the choice of foreign names in bringing positive commercial outcomes, and being more interesting, unique and prestigious. Contrarily, significant differences of restauranteurs in the area of low socioeconomic status demonstrated more inclination and positive attitude toward using religious names as being more unique and prestigious. The results of this research valuable insights for experts in the field of linguistic, EFL researchers and students.

In this research we critically evaluate two fundamental beliefs in explicitation studies. Our point of departure will be social cognitive linguisticss. These beliefs are as follows: 1) Degrees of explicitness are determined on the basis of linguistic forms. 2) Explicitation is by definition specification. Through evaluating the first beliefs, we argue that degrees of explicitness cannot always be attributed to linguistic forms and other variables such as shared encyclopedic knowledge and contexts should be taken into account. Through evaluating the second beliefs we apply secondary analysis to four examples which have been taken form two previous researches, and demonstrate that it is not the process of specification that has caused explicitation in those cases and consequently explicitation cannot be reduced to this one construal operation. So these beliefs not only are unreliable, but also-being widespread- they have almost made it impossible for researchers to search for and sufficiently explain many potential instances of explicitation.  In light of these findings we propose that explicitation researchers should take into account the socio-cognitive motivations for this type of translational shift, and explicitation and explicitation mechanisms should be defined in terms of various conceptualization processes that take place in the process of explicitation.

In non_ typological approaches in various sources, the language used in used in Bābātāhers' quatrains has often been considered to be Lori, Kurdish and Laki. This is without paying close attention to the both dense and plural community of speakers in western Iran. Those afore-mentioned languages belong to Western Iranian languages which are themselves divided into North-western and South-western branches about whose similarities and differences there are controversies. In this article, after reviewing the literature and stating the problem, the above-mentioned languages are studied based on a typological and differentiated approach We have also tried to study the possibility of these Quatrains belonging to one of these ancient Iranian languages. This has been done with a stylistic view on the frequency of some linguistic elements such as ergative structures and verbal differentiations. Results revealed the affinity these poems show with Laki, the language spoken amongst the natives of Hamedān and Lorestan both in the present and past.

This case-control study investigates the language attrition of adult Balochi- Persian bilinguals concerning voice onset time (VOT) of [p, t, k] consonants. In this regard, the language behavior of 12 participants who participated in this study as one experimental and two control groups was analyzed. Each group of participants consisted of four subjects (two men and two women). The stimuli included 40 frequent disyllabic nouns of Persian and Balochi. The subjects were asked to repeat the nouns to measure the VOT of stop consonants through Praat. The data analysis showed that the VOT of voiceless stop consonants [p, t, k] in Persian and Balochi speakers was different from each other. The same patterns of VOT in different groups indicated the relationship between VOT of voiceless stop consonants and their place of articulation. Moreover, Persian and Balochi have a reciprocal relationship concerning the phonological attrition of voiceless stop consonants. Persian causes the phonological attrition of Balochi in advanced adult Balochi- Persian bilingual speakers living in Balochi context, makes the VOT of Balochi consonants close to the VOT of Persian consonants and triggers them to be converged. Moreover, Balochi decreases the VOT of Persian consonants and makes interference and attrition in Persian.

Cognitive Sociolinguistics is an interdisciplinary subfield of linguistics that tries to cognitively describe language varieties in society by means of teachings of its two constituent disciplines. The purpose of this article is to describe the conceptual metaphors of death in folk language within social context. The data were collected from a set of proverbs, funeral and tombstone inscriptions which were then analyzed in terms of conceptualizing death as well as the source domains used for conceptualization. The most frequent types of source domains were personification, direction, distance, existence, destruction and captivity. Among the conceptual domains mentioned, personification and destruction show a unified pessimistic view towards death, while in other source domains both positive and negative meanings were used. It shows the dual nature of death in the mind of Iranians. In personification, both the agent and the patient depart from their basic meaning and are conceptualized by different concepts. Moreover, funeral inscriptions show more optimistic and mystical views than tombstone inscriptions. The findings of this study show the dichotomies as well as the positive and negative attitudes towards death among the language users.

The distribution of fake sport news is not based on the satisfaction of sport men, sport clubs and sport fans. Correspondingly, the identification of fake news is important and practical. This research has been done in the framework of computational linguistics. The linguistic data are based on a corpus of sports news from ISNA website and Instagram program. In this way, sports news is downloaded from the ISNA website in a period of time, and then in a few pages of the Instagram program, sports news is downloaded and compared in terms of being fake or not. The N-gram method and long and short term memory (LSTM) method have been used to identify fake news from non-fake ones. The method proposed in this paper has been implemented on four valid and existing datasets and has been compared with the previous six methods. The accuracy of this method is acceptable compared to other methods, and the results obtained indicate that this method is suitable and accurate enough to identify fake news among the news published on Instagram.