نشریه پژوهش در ورزش تربیتی
پیاپی 25 (زمستان 1400)

With the outbreak of the COVID-19, the focus on challenges posed by the pandemic was more than considering the coping strategies. Given to the significance of coping with strategic challenges of COVID-19 in Sport, the aim of this study was to monitor the coping opportunities to address the strategic challenges of COVID-19 in sport federations. This research was a qualitative exploratory study through a thematic analysis. The statistical population included experts of sports management with the experience of familiarity with the principles of futurology, and according to the research nature, 16 experts were interviewed through snowball sampling until reaching theoretical saturation. The tool used in the research was a semi-structured interview. The intra-subject agreement method was used to ensure the reliability of the interviews, and the validity was confirmed by consulting sport management experts and reviewing based on their opinions. The thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke’s (2006) method led to the extraction of 188 codes, 15 sub-themes and five main themes. The findings demonstrated that "Redefining the jobs", "Virtual capacity creation", "Supportive approaches", "Upgrade and updating", and "Public Relations and communications" are among the opportunities required to address the strategic challenges posed by COVID-19 in sport federations. According to findings, focusing on the explored strategies and attempts to maximum use of these strategies in the field of research and implementation can be a key step in improving management processes and decreasing Corona consequences in sports federations.

 Civil liability is one of the important legal issues that in addition to the injured party and the person causing the damage, also has a special function and importance from society's point of view. The aim of this study was to investigate the civil liability of sports clubs during the Covid 19 virus epidemic. This research was conducted qualitatively using the content analysis method. The statistical population of the study were Law and sports law experts, sports management professors familiar with sports law topics, Official experts of the judiciary in sports incidents, and coaches and club officials. Sampling was done purposefully and theoretically. The data collection tool was an in-depth semi-structured interview. In this research, the researcher reached theoretical saturation after 9 interviews, but 3 more interviews were conducted to increase the reliability. MAXQDA software version 10 was used for data analysis. The findings indicated that the civil liability of sports clubs during the covid 19 virus epidemic included adherence to safety and health requirements and deterrent measures, which worked well in the first two cases, but in relation to preventive action, no specific activity has been performed. Given the findings of the research and the fact that not taking preventive activities can have legal consequences for clubs, provide the necessary knowledge and training in this area and the responsibilities that may be for coaches and club officials, seems necessary to create.

The aim of this study was to identify the mental patterns of experts regarding the effective factors to increase the level of media literacy of physical education teachers in virtual education. The present study was applied from the perspective of purpose and of mixed type with the framework of interpretive-positivist paradigm. In the first stage, library resources, writing, articles and interviews with 21 sports management specialists, physical education teachers, experts, assistants and education managers of Mashhad city were used to identify the terms Q. After this stage, it was time to identify the mentalities with a quantitative method and with the help of Q factor analysis technique. In the present study, the number of participants was 26 who arranged the Q expressions. Findings identified five mental patterns of skill-seekers, feature-seekers, educators, specialists and individual factors that are effective in increasing the level of media literacy of physical education teachers. It was generally concluded that a prioritization or continuum could be given to the identified mental patterns. In order to develop media literacy, first of all, the mental model of educators should be considered. The mental model of the possessors can also be prioritized, and both the mental model of the specialist and the individual factors can be put on the same level, because the specialization will occur when the previous factors are observed. In a general conclusion, it should be stated that teachers should be encouraged to use new methods of physical education teaching in order to increase media literacy

The aim of this study was to develop a model of effective factors in the effectiveness of e-learning in general physical education in corona pandemic conditions. The statistical population of the study included all professors of sports sciences that 15 people were purposefully selected as a sample and interviewed. After conducting the interview and gathering information, the codes obtained in different sections were analyzed and after performing the three steps of open coding (44 codes), pivotal (31 categories) and selecting eight factors including different evaluation methods, Designing and presenting appropriate and varied exercises according to the nature of physical education lessons, using appropriate facilities, getting feedback from students, paying attention to the schedule of exercises and classes, paying attention to how electronic content is presented, expressing side points in online teaching methods , Paying attention to the main nature of physical education courses were introduced as effective factors on the effectiveness of virtual education of physical education courses. According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the nature of holding general physical education classes has changed and teachers face many problems due to the lack of an effective method for teaching, so it is necessary for the effectiveness of their teaching from a Use a comprehensive model.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of integrated math training with movement games on the progress of mathematics learning and Cognitive function in students. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population consisted of all fifth grade girl students in Isfahan in the academic year 2019-2020 that 60 people were selected by Convenience sampling method and Based on pre-test scores (performance) were divided into two groups of 30 experimental and control. The intervention phase lasted in seven sessions in which the participants of the experimental group were trained in mathematics by the physical education teacher and the math teacher in the school yard in the form of games and sports, while the participants in the control group were taught mathematics in the traditional way. Classes received by the teacher. Mathematical achievement test was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that mathematics education through movement games on increasing the scores of mathematics lessons and cognitive function of speed and accuracy; and has a significant effect on reducing wrong attention. Other results showed an improvement in math lesson scores and cognitive functions of accuracy, speed and wrong attention in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results of the present study show that movement games as an integrated lesson are effective in improving the learning of mathematics.

The present study was conducted with the aim of qualitative modeling of basketball sports talent identification on the logic of hidden content analysis. The research method to qualitatively and centrally apply to centralization can be the foundation. To collect the data, a semi-structured interview method was used. The statistical population of the study consisted of all professors and specialists in the field of sports management and talent identification, as well as executive managers in the field of talent identification in the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the Basketball Federation of Iran. The sampling method was targeted and snowball. For data analysis, the initial, axial and selective coding process was used using MAXQDA18 software. The results showed that in data analysis using open coding technique, 452 initial concepts were identified. By categorizing these concepts, 19 concepts regarding the definition of talent development in Iranian basketball, causal factors (5 categories), background conditions O (5 categories), there are intervening conditions (5 categories) in the realization of the talent identification system in Iranian basketball. Also, 8 strategies (motivational, technical, legal, managerial, strategic, equipment, structural and educational strategies) will be identified and 3 consequences (organizational, social and ideal consequences) will be identified. Based on the paradigm model of improving the talent identification system in Iranian basketball and paying special attention to the categories and indicators mentioned, it is possible to help the development of the country's basketball field.

With the prevalence of football fever in different societies, false sensitivities towards this field have been formed, which has led to some immorality and immorality among spectators, athletes and coaches; Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the immoral behaviors of Iranian Premier League players using the Q research method. The present study is applied in terms of purpose; In terms of exploratory nature; In terms of data collection, it is a descriptive-survey and due to the application of Q methodology, it is mixed research. The statistical population was all veterans and football elites of Iran, from which 24 people were selected as participants by a combination of purposeful and non-probabilistic sampling and snowball sampling. Based on the findings and the results of Q factor analysis, three factors were identified (Injury to players, Injury to the team and injury to the community) that these three factors explained and covered about 57.20% of the variance. Accordingly, in order of priority, the mental pattern of Injury to players was ranked first, Injury to the team was ranked second, and injury to the community was ranked third. According to the results of the present study, the occurrence of immoral behaviors by the country's football players, especially prominent players, causes harm to the players themselves, teams and society. It seems that the cost of immoral and unprofessional behavior should be so high that the athlete does not even think of committing this behavior.

Despite the few years that physical literacy has been introduced and developed globally, physical literacy structures have been different in various sources. Lack of a comprehensive and clear structure of physical literacy and its related characteristics can affect people's perception of participation and activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a clear framework of the physical literacy model based on the views of experts in Iranian society. Interviews were conducted with 14 experts, and the Strauss-Corbin model of grounded theory was used to analyze data in three stages of coding. Findings showed that physical literacy is the ability/capacity affected by growth in multiple dimensions (cognitive, psychological, physical, and behavioral) in the form of an active lifestyle. The findings also showed that conditions such as gender, disorders, age, and participation in physical activity are areas for outbreak physical literacy, as well as factors such as the Ministry of education, Sports and Health, Welfare and municipalities, politico-economic factors. Socio-cultural, media, and family influence physical literacy. Also, physical education, interventions in childhood and adolescence, providing facilities, experts, and appropriate policies can help develop physical literacy. Findings showed that the consequences of physical literacy could be improving lifestyle, maintaining health and well-being, increasing participation in physical activity, and community health. The present study's results identified a comprehensive and transparent model of the physical literacy framework and can help professionals, researchers, and policymakers provide physical literacy to society.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of relationships based on trust and person-job fit on psychological empowerment and Job retention of sports teachers with the mediator role of person-organization fit. The research method was correlation. The statistical population of the study included all sports teachers in Tehran with 1500 people, which according to Morgan table, 310 people as a research sample were randomly selected. Data collection tools, were standard questionnaire of person-job fit Vogel and Feldman (2009), person-organization fit Scroggens (2008), psychological empowerment Hatami and Dastar (2011), relationships based on trust Robbins (2005) and staff retention Kaident (2009). In order to analyze the data, were used Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearson correlation and structural equation model. The results showed that relationships based on trust had a direct positive effect on psychological empowerment and job retention of teachers. person-organization fit Played a mediator role with an effect coefficient 0.16 and 0.13, respectively for the effect of person-job fit on teacher psychological empowerment and job retention, but person-organization fit Played a mediator role with an effect coefficient 0.08 and 0.06 respectively for the effect of relationships based on trust on the psychological empowerment and job retention of teachers, which is not significant. As a result, relevant managers in order to enhance the psychological empowerment and job retention of sports teachers, emphasize on relationships based on trust, person-job fit and person-organization fit.

The purpose of study is a paradigm model for the development of scientific products in the field of Iranian student sport. The research method is a sequential and exploratory quality with an applied-developmental goal, Grounded Theory approach of Strauss & Corbin (2008) approach; with open, axial & selective coded worksheets of documents and semi-structured interviews with Statistical population: Academic experts & teacher of the physical education and sports sciences were selected by theoretical sampling. the interview with the twenty-fourth expert, theoretical saturation was obtained and Data analysis was performed during the five rounds of interviews until a theoretical consensus was reached on identifying the categories of Central concept, (causal, contextual & intervening conditions, strategies and consequences, The research instrument was coding sheets according to the researcher's instructions, the validity was confirmed by the members of the Delphi group and its reliability was calculated by P-Scott criterion of 0.96. Results in the form of 84 categories and 299 conceptual codes in the six dimensions of the paradigmatic model as causal conditions (17 categories, 102 items), Central concept of scientific development (10 categories, 55 items), strategies (21 categories, 49 items) at individual, intermediate and macro levels, Contextual conditions (11 categories, 47 items), intervention conditions (16 categories, 60 items) and outcomes (10 categories, 87 items) were included. As a result, Prerequisites and Outcomes of the scientific production development in the field of Iranian student sport can be useful and practical. Scientific production development in the country requires structural, strategic, managerial and professional reforms.