پژوهش نامه روانشناسی اسلامی
سال پنجم شماره 11 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Identifying distinctive psychotherapies has been one of the tasks of researchers, and this question has always been asked that which treatment or theory is more effective. In this regard, the question of how a clinical change occurs has led much research to discover the underlying processes of change and its stages. Due to the fact that the literature of Islamic texts includes statements about psychological change, the present study aims to develop a conceptual model for the processes of positive change and its stages based on Islamic texts. For this purpose, the stages and processes of positive change were extracted from the descriptive and explanatory propositions in Islamic texts (Quran and Hadith) by qualitative content analysis. The validity of the extracted content about the processes and stages of positive change was collected and analyzed using the opinion of experts in the field. The results showed that positive change processes include overt and covert activities that individuals perform to change their cognition, emotions, and behavior in 1) motivational processes; 2) rational empowerment; 3) the pursuit of spiritual success and 4) the action; the right action leads the person to happiness and joy.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Islamic Resilience Education on mental health and psychological flexibility of mothers of hearing-impaired children. The present study was a quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest study with two experimental and control groups. Thirty mothers of hearing-impaired children were selected by convenience sampling and completed Goldberg Mental Health Questionnaire (1972) and Dennis and Wenderval Cognitive Flexibility (2010). Then they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received weekly sessions of resiliency training with Islamic approach and after completion of treatment both groups completed the questionnaires again. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings showed that resiliency education with Islamic approach had a significant effect on the depression, psychological flexibility and perception of behavior justification of mothers of hearing-impaired children. Therefore, it can be concluded that Islamic resilience and approach can be useful for improving the psychological conditions of mothers of hearing-impaired children.

The topic of happiness has received a lot of attention in recent years, and many global surveys have been devoted to it, and countries are measured and ranked based on the level of happiness of their people. There are two perspectives on how to measure the happiness of societies: Some researchers talk about the possibility of designing general scales to measure happiness in all different societies and cultures. In contrast, some emphasize the need to design happiness measurement indicators tailored to different cultures. The present study compares the two models of Islamic happiness and the Oxford model of happiness by designing the Islamic Happiness Questionnaire (focusing on "Islamic Model of Happiness"; Pasandideh, 2019). The results of comparing these two models showed that although they have similarities in some cases (including attention to the meaning of life and life satisfaction, the importance of social relations in happiness, and physical pleasure), these two models have fundamental differences in theological, anthropological, cosmological principles.

The image of God is one of the important subjects in the filed of psychology of religion that affect various aspects of people’s personal and social life. The purpose of this study was to compare the construct of the image of God among four groups of seminaries, university students, teachers and the self-employed. Research method was descriptive - comparative and the statistical population of this study consists of the seminaries, students of Scientific and Applied University, teachers of Ministry of Education, and the self-employed, which was sampled by stratified random sampling. In order to collect data the image of God based on divine names questionnaire was used. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 26. The findings showed that there are is differences in the image of God among the four groups. Also, the image of God is higher in married people than single people and this difference is significant. In men and women, there was no significant difference. Older age groups have a higher image of God and this difference is significant. The image of God has a significant difference at different levels of education.

Observance of ethical norms is one of the most important factors in protecting the counseling process. Some ethics musts and principles are prioritized due to their constructive and fundamental role in the counseling process, and their observance builds trust in clients and increases the success of the counseling process. The present study aims to explain the most important ethical requirements in the counseling process. The main question is what are the most important ethical requirements in the counseling process and what are their benefits. In the present study, descriptive-analytical and Ijtihad methods have been used and the three ethical teachings that can play a constructive and important role in the counseling process have been investigated. By examining the ethical principles deduced from Islamic teachings in the counseling process, it can be claimed that some ethical principles play a fundamental and pivotal role in the counseling process, so that without adhering to these ethical principles, the counseling process faces challenges and harms. Predictability, observance of chastity, and observance of honesty and truthfulness are among the important principles in the counseling process.

Communication is an important human need. University students need communication skills both during study and after graduation to find appropriate job. Present study was conducted to figure out it is possible to improve verbal communication among introvert students and people low in self-esteem based on inferred skills from verses 17 and 18 of Taha Surah of Quran. The design used in the present study is experimental, pretest-posttest with control group. First of all, 120 male undergraduate students were chosen, then 30 ones who had low scores in self-esteem and extroversion and high in neuroticism assigned in two groups of control and experimental. After taking part in pretest, experimental group received 2 sessions treatment and eventually both groups took part in post-test. The data were analyzed by t-test. The statistical data indicate the difference between pretest and post-test of experimental group by the significance level of 5% and the confidence level of 95% was significant. The results indicate that the communication skills inferred from verses 17 and 18 of Taha Surah of Quran were a effective way to improve verbal communication among students who had difficulties in this part.