مجله دانشکده علوم پزشکی نیشابور
پیاپی 33 (زمستان 1400)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers in the colon. The pathogenesis of UC is not well defined, but it is proposed that genetic and environmental factors result in an aberrant immune response to a subset of commensal enteric bacteria. A microRNA (miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides), which functions in mRNA silencing and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. The aim of this article is to summarize the biogenesis pathway of microRNA and identify target genes involved in ulcerative colitis and summarize the most common changes in the expression of miRNAs in ulcerative colitis. Furthermore, we describe the pathophysiological roles of the miRNAs in UC. A search at electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase) was conducted between 1993 and 2021. Studies in recent years have been shown abnormal expression of several miRNAs such as miR-26b, miR-223, miR-31, miR-155 in colon tissue and peripheral blood in ulcerative colitis. Moreover, this abnormal expression is highly related to the disease activity of UC and colitis-associated cancer. We discussed the usefulness of microRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of ulcerative  colitis. Understanding the importance of miRNAs in ulcerative colitis may lead to future insights into disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Mental health problems have involved many people in the community, which is more pronounced in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental health status of high school students in Tehran.

The present study is a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study and the statistical population of this study was all high school students in Tehran. The sample consisted of 2038 students who were selected by multistage cluster sampling. GHQ-28 questionnaire was used as a tool for assessing mental health. The results were analyzed by SPSS 18 software.

In the present study, the possibility of mental disorder was raised in relation to 982 (52.1) participants. The prevalence of anxiety disorders was higher in 919 (45.7) subjects than other GHQ subscales. Mental health status was different in different groups in terms of gender, educational level, academic achievement, physical health, parents' relationship with each other, socio-economic level of the family.

According to the results, almost half of high school students have poor mental health, which indicates the need for special attention to the mental health of this community.

Angiogenesis is a critical process in tissue growth and development, especially in muscle tissue that is affected by muscle contraction. The development of the angiogenesis process in cardiac patients is crucial. For this the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two types of continuous and interval cardiac rehabilitation training program on serum VEGF and Endostatine after coronary angioplasty (PCI) in Male cardiac patients.

Thirty patients were randomly divided into three (aerobic, interval and control) groups. Two training groups trained for eight weeks according to their own protocol. Fasting blood sample was taken from the groups 48 hours before and after the training protocol. Serum VEGF and ES were measured by ELISA kit. To analyze the data, repeated measures ANOVA test was used and when differences was significant Bonferroni post hoc test was used to define the place of deference.

The results of this study showed that performing continuous and interval training increased VEGF level and decreased Endostatin significantly compared to the control group. Endostatin decline was more pronounced in the interval exercise training group.

Interval training can be used as a safe and effective method during cardiac rehabilitation like aerobic training method. It can even be concluded that interval exercise was more effective in reducing the inhibitory pathway of angiogenesis.

Rumination and dysfunction in emotional regulation are the most important problems in people with generalized anxiety disorder. The aim of present study was to comparison of effectiveness of transdiagnostic and emotion regulation therapy in the rumination and emotional regulation on people with generalized anxiety disorder.

Four patients with generalized anxiety disorder who had complete symptoms of this disorder based on multidimensional evaluation (generalized anxiety questionnaire and clinical interview) were selected by purposeful sampling. Multiple baseline experimental single case study was used as the method of the present study. The Transdiagnostic protocol and emotion regulation therapy were administered in two phases: baseline, 15 and 16 sessions, and two months follow-up. Subjects responded to Rumination and emotional regulation questionnaire. Data were analyzed using visuals inspection, effect size index and improvement percentage.

Barlow’s transdiagnostic and mennin & fresco’s emotion regulation therapy are effective in reducing rumination and improving emotional regulation in people with generalized anxiety disorder.

Black plum peel is a by-product of plum processing and contains various types of nutrients that can be used to produce new food products or improve their quality.

In this study, the effect of black plum peel powder (5, 10, and 15%) and citric acid (0, 1, 2, and 3%) on chemical properties (moisture and pH), antioxidant capacity, texture characteristics (hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, resilience, gumminess, and springiness) and sensory properties (color, flavor, odor, hardness, adhesiveness, porosity, springiness and total acceptability) of the sponge cake with factorial design at P≤ 0.05 level were investigated.

Increasing the percentage of black plum peel and citric acid increased antioxidant capacity, moisture content, color score, and total acceptance of samples. With increasing the percentage of black plum peel, all texture parameters raised. According to the panelists, the sponge cake containing 15% black plum peel and 3% citric acid was the best sample. From the panelists ' point of view, sponge cake containing black plum peel can be suitable as a new product. The Partial Least Squares Regression was able to well express the relationship between sensory and textural properties.

To produce the black plum peel sponge cake, in addition to enriching and improving the quality of the cake, causes the optimal use of plum processing waste, which can be of great importance from the perspective of industrial growth and agricultural economy.

The use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and medical applications has increased widely and the possibility of contamination of water sources with such compounds has increased which causes adverse effects such as increased bacterial resistance and digestive disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use the ultrasonic process with Fe-doped TiO2 nano-particle in the Removal of flumequine.

The present study was an experimental-laboratory study conducted as a batch system. nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method and SEM, XRD, and DRS analyzes were used to determine the properties of nanoparticles. The effect of different variables including pH (3-11), initial concentration of flumequine (25-75 mg/L), and concentration of nanoparticles (200-600 mg/L) at different times (15-60 min) Was examined in sonocatalytic removal of flumequine. 

The results of this study showed that the maximum removal efficiency of flumequine was 96.5 % at pH 3, initial concentration of 25 mg/L, and a nanoparticle dose of 600 mg/L, a reaction time of 60 minutes was obtained using ultrasonic waves with a constant frequency of 35 kHz.

Due to the high removal efficiency of sonocatalytic process, the use of this process for the removal of flumequine in water and wastewater treatment processes is recommended.

Metabolic syndrome is one of the health problems in all societies. Exercise interventions with supplements are among the approaches to improve the condition of patient with metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation on glycemic parameters in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. Forty-six women with metabolic syndrome aged 50-60 years were volunteered and divided into 4 groups, including: aerobic training with vitamin D supplementation (AT+Vit D, n=12); aerobic training (AT, n=12); Vitamin D supplementation (Vit D, n=12); and control (C, n=12). Aerobic training program performed for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, 20 to 40 minutes of 60-75% of maximum heart rate). The supplemented groups consumed 50,000 IU of 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplement once a week for 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, and insulin resistance index were measured before and after the intervention in four groups. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed using analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS 24 software at a significant level of P <0.05.

The results showed that eight weeks of AT+Vit D, AT, and Vit D significantly improved plasma insulin, fasting blood sugar, and insulin resistance index (<0.05). P).

It seems that exercise along with vitamin D supplementation can be considered as a therapeutic method to improve the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.

Inappropriate use of disinfectants is one of the causes of the spread of nosocomial infections. This study was performed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of the staff in some hospitals in Yazd regarding the use of disinfectants.

This is a cross-sectional descriptive study which was performed on 181 employees of four educational hospitals related to Yazd university of medical sciences. Sampling was done by random sampling. Data gathering tool in this study was a demographic questionnaire, a researcher-made questionnaire for measuring knowledge, attitude and practice. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 at a significant level, P= 0˂0.05.

The results showed that there is no significant relationship between any of the main variables in the research and demonstrates that all variables are independent of each other (p>/05) On the other hand, the results of this study showed that there is no significant difference between knowledge of men and women and their performance in relation to use disinfectants (p :/.614) While the women's attitudes toward disinfestation were higher than men's (p :/.26).

The findings of this study showed that the state of knowledge, attitude and practice of the staff are not in good condition .Therefore, it is suggested that hospital managers plan to improve the level of employee information for using disinfectants to provide the safer environment.

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) occurs in 1.5-2% of all pregnancies and it is the important cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester. The aim of this study was to evaluate EP risk factors in Kowsar hospital in Qazvin.

In this case-control study, 200 pregnant women with sonographic and pathological diagnoses of ectopic pregnancy in Qazvin Kowsar hospital in 2017 were assigned to the case group and 200 pregnant women with no delivery problems were assigned to the control group. The sampling method in this study was based on complete enumeration. All demographic and midwifery data were extracted from the records in the hospital archive. Data were analyzed by t-test, chi-square, and logistic regression in SPSS software version 22. P<0.05 was considered significant.

The mean age of the study population was 30.45±6.51. About 41.8% of the mothers underwent medical treatment with methotrexate, 56.6% of them underwent salpingectomy and 1.5% of them were discharged with personal consent. There was a significant relationship between the incidence of the ectopic pregnancy and using contraception, previous abortion, using in vitro fertilization, congenital diseases, infertility problems, previous pelvic inflammatory disease, previous EP, previous surgical history and hypothyroidism (P<0.05).

The present study also showed that EP was more likely to occur in patients with history of EP, abortion, PID, surgical procedures, infertility and hypothyroidism. Therefore, it is recommended that women should undergo health care before pregnancy and further studies are required to provide solutions to reduce the cases of EP.

This study was performed to investigate the prevalence and association of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV beta-lactamase genes in multiple drug resistance (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli resistant and susceptible isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in Chalus, Iran.

In the cross-sectional study a total of 437 samples were obtained from December 2018 to November 2019. Identification of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains was performed using standard microbiological and biochemical tests. Drug susceptibility to cefepime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefixime, ceftriaxone, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and ampicillin was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Molecular identification of blaCTX-M, blaTEM و blaSHV was conducted by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assay. The relationship between the presence of beta-lactamase genes in MDR strains was measured. Data analysis was performed using an appropriate statistical test.

It was observed that among the 437 positive urine culture samples of the patient, there were 106 UPEC strains (24.3%). The highest level of drug resistance was recognized toward ampicillin (99%), and the highest level of drug susceptibility was against cefepime (83%), and norfloxacin (82%). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) resistance was observed in 46 (43%) isolates. The blaTEM gene was more common among MDR-positive isolates (51.5%), and the blaCTX-M gene was more seen among MDR-positive isolates (65.8%).

Based on the present study results, the blaTEM gene was the dominant gene between beta-lactamase genes. Moreover, we found that the blaCTX-M gene's presence could be playing a role in MDR development.

Ursolic acid (UA) is a lipophilic triterpenoid extracted from plants. UA may augment the effect of resistance training (RT) in humans. Therefore، the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of RT and UA supplementation on serum level of Irisin and leptin in sedentary overweight men.

A total of 34 inactive overweight men voluntarily participated in، and randomly assigned into three groups: RT + UA (n=12), RT + placebo (n=12), and UA (n=10). RT program performed eight weeks، three sessions per week and included four upper body and four lower-body movements performed at 70-85% one-repetition maximum. Participants consumed 150 mg of UA or placebo (Flavored Maltodextrin) along with every meal. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) test by SPSS (p< 0.05).

Irisin was significantly increased in all three RT + UA (27.8%), RT + placebo (9.8%) and UA (4%) groups. On the other hand، the serum level of leptin was significantly decreased in all groups (38.7%, 18.7%, and 4.7%, respectively). Changes of both serum Irisin and leptin were significantly different between the RT + UA and RT + placebo, RT + UA and placebo, and RT + placebo and placebo groups.

The results showed that UA enhance the impact of RT. Accordingly, the RT program and UA supplementation can be used to develop an effective lifestyle intervention strategy in inactive, overweight people.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used as a medicinal tool for infections against microbes. Most bacteria have been resistant to antibiotics and in the near future, there is an urgent need to replace antibiotics with new substances with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous and methanol extract of Mentha piperita L and Mentha spicata L and determined of antibacterial activity of produced AgNPs.

An environmentally friendly extracellular biosynthetic technique was used for the production of AgNPs. The reducing agents used to produce the nanoparticles were from the aqueous and methanol extract of Mentha piperita L and Mentha spicata L. The AgNPs were characterized by color changes, FTIR analysis, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was investigated through bacteria disc fusion assays.

An absorption peak at 420 nm and the color change to dark brown were corresponding to the plasmon absorbance of AgNPs and then were performed by the FTIR method. Silver nanoparticles synthesized with Mentha piperita L and Mentha spicata L extracts against Staphylococcus aureus had better inhibitory activity than Escherichia coli. In the case of Staphylococcus aureus culture medium, aqueous and alcoholic extracts with 10 gr of extracted material, had the highest and lowest diameter of growth inhibition zone, respectively (P=0.05).

The results confirmed that extracellular synthesis of AgNPs mediated by Mentha piperita L and Mentha spicata L. extract indicated a good bactericidal activity against the tested bacteria and can be used in various fields as an antibacterial agent.