نشریه معماری و شهرسازی پایدار
سال دهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

Windcatcher is one of the essential elements of traditional Iranian architecture that improve the natural ventilation in building as a passive solution. In this regard, it seems that the use of thermal mass, especially the latent heat method to save energy using phase change materials (PCM) improve the windcatcher performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of PCM on windcatcher envelope to improving air temperature of building. The research evaluated by Computer simulation with Energy Plus software and Experimental measurements. The results of the study show fluctuate of an indoor air temperature that windcatcher envelope cover by PCM (21, 24, 28, 30 and 32 ° C) is decreased compared with the baseline (without PCM). It is closer to residents' thermal comfort, and the average air temperature fluctuations in warm months have dropped from 28 to 23 degrees Celsius. By comparing the effect of using different phase change materials, the PCM with 28 ° C melting point had a more significant impact on the decrease the air temperature of the building. Use of a PCM with a suitable melting point increases the natural ventilation hours in the building. Electricity consumption has also fallen by about 5 percent.

Global events, such as war or disease, have had a profound effect on the individual and social lives of human beings. These effects will change the way of architecture and urban planning. At present, the outbreak of Covid-19 has changed people's lifestyles, so the rules and patterns of housing design must change. Especially during the quarantine period, when most people spend time at home, it has become increasingly important to pay attention to the design of housing in accordance with health conditions and lifestyle. The purpose of this study is to develop functional requirements for housing design in accordance with lifestyle changes during the world of diseases. For this purpose, a descriptive study has been used, during which health requirements have been extracted through interviews with physicians and health professionals, as well as lifestyle changes during the illness, through a questionnaire, and after qualitative analysis and prioritization, using a qualitative method. Turned into visual patterns. As a result, changes caused by global events such as illness can be examined in terms of both professional requirements and people's lifestyles. Changes based on needs and lifestyle usually occur in the form of change of use and relocation of spaces and more in the main living space. These new needs and lifestyle changes due to relocating previous behaviors including leisure, sports, work, shopping, etc. into the home. Also, the main demand of the people is to increase the flexibility of spaces instead of increasing the number of spaces.

the aim of this study is to improve safety and provide reliable and efficient pedestrian movement facilities and is one of the main axes of urban planning and design . due to the increasing day of designer and designer interventions based on auto city and negative consequences of this , it is necessary to pay attention to the concept of walkability and moving toward the formation of new cities . the main objective of this research is comparative study of the factors of walkability in the neighborhoods of north and south of narmak . the present study is an applied research and the method of research is descriptive - analytical and quantitative . the method of gathering information is library , documents as well as survey methods have direct observation and questionnaire . according to the main purpose of this study to compare the walkability in the target neighborhoods , the comparison of means and also to determine the factors of walkability in the target neighborhoods , factor analysis technique was used in spss software . the results show that the average of walkability in the seven - basin neighborhood is higher than the north - abad district . the most important factor of walkability is the " neighborhood services diversity " with explained variance , whereas in the seven districts of narmak , the " environmental quality " with explained variance was identified as the first factor and factor loadings .

The concept of sustainability in environmental protection was introduced in the 1970s. However, the first formal definition of sustainability was presented in the late 1980s in the form of our common Future Report (Bratland Report), which in defininig the framework of sustainable development, pays special attention to public participation which focused on environmental sustainability and emphasized the improvement of urban health and the reduction of environmental hazards. The concept has become a prominent urban planning trend and emphasizes the critical role of ecological considerations in the planning process. The present study is of applied and descriptive-quantitative type. Three hundred ten questionnaires have been completed through residents to collect information. The data were analyzed using binomial tests, Pearson correlation, and exploratory factor analysis. Results of the findings of this study showed that the satisfaction of Rasht citizens with urban management in the fields of waste management, especially urban river management, is at a low and undesirable level. Urban management in the field of green infrastructure has had relatively satisfactory performance. After this index is waste management and finally river management index; The urban river management index has a very unfavorable situation. Therefore, Rasht urban managers must first solve problems of urban rivers and improve the municipal waste disposal system to take an essential step towards creating an environmentally sound and healthy environment for citizens.

The man-made system, including buildings, transportation and industry, has a significant share in the phenomenon of climate change in the world. Cities are the mainstay of human construction. Inadequate urban planning principles, especially in less developed countries, have multiplied the phenomenon of global warming and climate change in recent decades. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of urban design principles and indicators on the phenomenon of climate change. This research is a qualitative study that has been done in the practical part. According to the purpose, research is categorized as applied. In this regard, the positivist approach has been used. The basis of positivism is the method of logical reasoning. The logical reasoning method uses the ANP model and fuzzy logic in positivism. The results of the research indicate that the buildings with a score of 0.5729 have the highest score in the sixth transect (central city center). Exchange and transportation spaces with the score of 0.1713 in the third transect (middle texture) has the highest score. Natural open spaces, public open spaces and streets with a score of 0.8146 in the first transect (suburbs and pristine areas) have the highest score in influencing the phenomenon of climate change.

Among the components of the building envelope, the roof section is the most important medium of energy loss, because, compared to vertical walls, a larger area of the rooftop is exposed to sunlight and atmospheric condition for a longer period, which results in greater heat exchange through this section. The goal of this research is to reduce the energy consumption of residential buildings in the city of Shiraz (Fars, Iran) through the optimization of their roof sections by answering the bellow question:”What is the most optimal combination of materials and passive roof design technique for reducing energy consumption in this climate and how much will it reduce energy consumption?”The purpose of the research, which is to identify the best combination of roof specifications and passive design methods for minimizing energy consumption in the buildings of the area of interest, was achieved with help of the EnergyPlus simulation and a genetic algorithm developed in MATLAB. The roof variables were defined in three categories of the passive energy system, physical roof specifications, and positioning and the optimization was carried out using the genetic algorithm and the EnergyPlus software. The outputs obtained from the simulation software and the objective function of the genetic algorithm showed that the roof optimization models could reduce the energy consumption of the building by 39-50%

Urban inefficiency fabrics both in the city and the sub urb, are one of the complex and unforgivable issues in Today's cities and over time, they lose a lot of their quality.The decrease in the quality of residence, the existence of low-income groups, low value of land and housing, and the existence of large scale lands, capitalists have attracted the attention of these fabrics and these factors have caused to inter capital and the construction of large commercial projects in them. One of the biggest consequences is the displacement of its main residents. In recent years, the Al-Mahdi neighborhood of Mashhad has seen extensive Capitalization entry, it has also been selected as a case study and the purpose of this study is investigating the Effect of capitalization on the displacement in this neighborhood. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study and is following answer this main question that what effect does Capitalization have on the Displacement? for Investigating case study and indicators identified has been used to survey technique and the information achieved is Classified by SPSS software, then, using the path analysis method and Smart PLS software, the model of relationships was developed between variables and indicators, as well as path coefficients and significance coefficients. the results of this study show that the independent variable of capitalization at the 95% confidence level in Al-Mahdi neighborhood affects the displacement variable.

This present study raised the question of why vitality and ultimately the sense of belonging were linked to features of modern homes and neighborhoods. To address this inquiry four neighborhoods known as Zerehi, Beasat, Eslahi Negat, and Cinema Saadi in Shiraz City were selected. Then, in the library studies, vitality indices were extracted to reflect residents' sense of belonging. In the present study statistical analysis (spss) and questionnaire method were used and carried out in three stages. The first step looked at quantitive variables of vitality on the residence’ senses of belonging. The next one compared the cognitive impact of different vitality factors to the desire of living in the neighborhoods. At last, the relationship between vitality factors and the sense of belonging to living space were discussed in Shiraz neighborhoods.The outcome indicated that social vitality, design, and cultural vitality had greater impacts on residents' sense of belonging to living space. Besides, the results of the comparative analysis of different factors of vitality on the sense of belonging show that neighborhoods were influenced and classified by economic, social, ecological, and design in two different groups and cultural vitality in three separate categories.Finally, Spearman's correlation test reveals that residents in the Baysat neighborhood tend to stay in the area.Finally, the results demonstrated that through improving social and cultural vitality indices and design patterns, residents' sense of belonging could be increased.

The progress of urban developing in today's modern cities has caused problems such as turbulence in the spatial-physical system, disregard for human needs, the growth of multiple urban zones in terms of socio-economic level, in addition to changes in the economic cycle, population growth. And the emergence of income and competitive barriers in the levels of society, we can no longer expect the existence of integrated and cohesive social neighborhoods in metropolitan areas. The city planners are looking for, improving environmental quality through understanding how the elements interact with humans and measuring the reaction medium to promote mental health and improve understanding of mental their social phenomena such as the city's, but phenomena Emerging issues such as passivity, which are often due to ignorance, inattention and insensitivity to the destructive aspects of the environment, cause disruption and failure in the process of urban development. This phenomenon is important in terms of urban planning interventions on the one hand, urban planners search the reaction and participation of people who are the audience of their plans and programs. This paper examines the factors influencing the passivity of citizens and comparing the extent of its influence in the area dysfunctional metropolis of Mashhad look at the evidence and to achieve this objective techniques quantitative analysis, structural equation, by means of questionnaires from 391 people benefited . Finally, it is expected that this article will prioritize the impact of indicators affecting the phenomenon of passivity to the environment in Inefficient Suburban Area of Mashhad.