فهرست مطالب

Cancer Management - Volume:15 Issue: 1, Jan 2022

International Journal of Cancer Management
Volume:15 Issue: 1, Jan 2022

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/12/12
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Ahmad R Mafi *, Ali Motlagh, Hossein Foudazi, Pedram Fadavi, Shiva Moghaddam, AliAkhavan Page 1
    Context

    COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in considerable overloading of health care systems in almost all regions of the world. Among different malignancies, breast cancer can be considered as a typical example of how the decision-making process for radiation treatment can be adapted to unusual situations. There exist several international guidelines in order to modify radiotherapy treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic, however, some of their recommendations are not applicable in regions with limited resources. In this manuscript, we provided guidance to deliver radiotherapy to patients with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic based on our available nationwide resources.

    Evidence Acquisition

    A team of expert radiation oncologists convened multidisciplinary and cross-institutional meetings and reviewed the major internationally published guidelines and relevant literature in the field of breast radiotherapy during the COVID19 pandemic in order to establish recommendations for the safe application of radiation regimens based on the national limited resources.

    Results

    Practical guidance in order to deliver radiotherapy to patients with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic based on available nationwide resources was developed.

    Conclusions

    Many of the international recommendations on the breast cancer radiotherapy during COVID-19 outbreak are not applicable in countries with limited resources. Therefore, modifying the guidelines based on the available resources is mandatory in order to achieve the best possible results.

    Keywords: Breast Cancer, Radiotherapy, COVID-19, Limited Resources
  • Zeinab Khazaee, Mostafa Langarizadeh *, Mohammad Ebrahim Shiri Ahmadabadi Page 2
    Background

    Artificial intelligence (AI) models have provided advanced applications to many scientific areas, including the prediction of the pathologic grade of tumors, utilizing radiology techniques. Gliomas are among the malignant brain tumors in human adults, and their efficient diagnosis is of high clinical significance.

    Objectives

    Given the contribution of AI tomedical diagnoses, we investigated the role of deep learning in the differential diagnosis and grading of human brain gliomas.

    Methods

    This study developed a new AI diagnostic model, i.e., EfficientNetB0, to grade and classify human brain gliomas, using sequences from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

    Results

    We validated the new AImodel, using a standard dataset (BraTS-2019) and demonstrated that the AI components, i.e., convolutional neural networks and transfer learning, provided excellent performance for classifying and grading glioma images at 98.8% accuracy.

    Conclusions

    The proposed model, EfficientNetB0, is capable to classify and grade glioma from MRI sequences at high accuracy, validity, and specificity. It can provide better performance and diagnostic results for human glioma images than models developed by previous studies.

    Keywords: Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, Glioma Grading, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Transfer Learning
  • Maryam Ahani, Sayyed Mohammad Hossein Ghaderian*, Mitra Mehr Azma, Koosha Kamali, Bahar Naghavi Gargari, Samaneh Vojdani Page 3
    Background

    Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) are highly prevalent heterogeneous disorders among men. Since angiogenesis is the key step in cancer progression, the deregulation of genes involved in this process may play a role in cancer development.

    Objectives

    We evaluated the expression level of 4 angiogenesis-related genes including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type T (PTPRT), TNK2 antisense RNA 1 (TNK2-AS1), and long intergenic nonprotein coding rna-regulator of reprogramming (LINC-ROR) in patients with PCa and BPH.

    Methods

    The expression level of STAT3, PTPRT, TNK2-AS1, and LINC-ROR genes in tumoral and adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT) samples of 50 PCa patients and tissue samples from 50 BPH patients were evaluated, using the real-time PCR method. The statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the association between genes expression and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with PCa.

    Results

    The expression level of STAT3 and LINC-ROR was upregulated in tumoral tissues compared to ANCTs (P < 0.0001 for both). Only the expression level of STAT3 in PCa was higher than in BPH tissues (P = 0.001). The elevated expression of STAT3 was associated with the higher grade group of the tumor (P = 0.03). Also, the high expression level of PTPRT and LINC-ROR genes was associated with a higher stage of cancer in patients with PCa (P = 0.002, P = 0.0001 respectively). The STAT3 gene transcript level had an excellent diagnostic power for discrimination between tumoral tissue and the ANCTs with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93.

    Conclusions

    The higher expression of STAT3 and LINC-ROR suggested a role in the pathogenesis of PCa in higher stages. Also, STAT3 expression level could be suggested as a potential biomarker for PCa in combination with PSA level.

    Keywords: Angiogenesis, Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, Diagnostic Value, Lnc-RNA, Prostate Cancer
  • Arezo Shahi, Naghmeh Bahrami, Robab Rafiei Tabatabaei, Mehdi Kazempour Dizaji, Hamidreza Jamaati, Abdolreza Mohamadnia* Page 4
    Background

    Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Micro RNAs have emerged as a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

    Objectives

    The purpose of the present study was to evaluate miR-191, miR-22, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA in peripheral blood and tissues of patients with breast cancer.

    Methods

    A number of 100 peripheral blood samples (50 patient blood samples and 50 healthy blood samples) were collected. Also, 100 tissue samples were simultaneously collected from affected patients by a specialist including 50 samples from the center of the tumor and 50 samples from the side tissues of tumors. Immediately, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed and polymerase chain reaction (real-time polymerase chain reaction) was performed.

    Results

    The data obtained from the present study showed that the blood and tissue levels of miR-191 and EGFR mRNA were significantly increased in breast cancer samples compared to the group of healthy samples and the blood and tissue levels of miR-22 were significantly decreased in breast cancer samples compared to the group of healthy samples. The miR-191 was increased in patients compared to normal individuals up to 2.3 (blood) and 2.16 (tissue) times, respectively. The miR-22 was decreased in patients compared to normal individuals up to 1.46 (blood) and 1.28 (tissue) times, respectively. Also, EGFR expression was increased in patients compared to normal individuals up to 70.2 (blood) and 24.2 (tissue) times, respectively. The present study can play role in determining the prognosis of breast cancer and in obtaining molecular diagnostic biomarkers in peripheral blood and tissues of patients with breast cancer.

    Keywords: : Breast Cancer, Biomarkers, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, MIRN191 Microrna, MIRN22 Microrna, EpidermalGrowth Factor Receptor
  • Azim Mehrvar, Sara Aghdamizadeh, Samaneh Soleimanizadeh, Negin Jafariyan Laijani, Mohsen Rouzrokh, Yasaman Sadeghi, Narjes Mehrvar*, Mardawig Alebouyeh Page 5
    Background

    Childhood cancer is the second leading cause of death in children. Approximately, 40% of children with cancer need to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), which plays a key role in their treatment procedure and overall survival.

    Objectives

    In this study, we aimed at evaluating the impact of ICU admission on pediatric patients’ survival and prognosis at Mahak Pediatric Cancer Treatment and Research Center (MPCTRC), Tehran, Iran.

    Methods

    Amongst a total number of 2693 hospitalized patients who were referred to our center from March 2014 to September 2019, 674 patients younger than 14 years of age who were at least admitted once to the ICU were included in this study. All the collected data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS software version 22.

    Results

    Totally, 48.96% of patients were female and 51.03% of them were male. The most frequent types of cancer were central nervous system tumors (33.23%) and Leukemia (18.99%). Additionally, 43.62% of admitted patients were in the 1 - 4 age group, with the mean age of 1.5 ± 0.30. The mortality rate in ICU was 40.20% and the overall survival (OS) rate was 29.5% ± 2.6. Moreover, the OS in children with solid tumors and non-solid tumors were 27.1% ± 5.5 and 32.6% ± 3.1, respectively.

    Conclusions

    The results of this conducted study provide a complete report on the status of children admitted to the ICU ward in Mahak Hospital. Because of this fact that the most frequent type of cancer was CNS tumors and children with CNS tumors are usually admitted to the ICU in the late stages of their disease, the overall survival rate in our study was 29.80%, which is lower than other studies.

  • Danial Khajavi, Leila Fozouni * Page 6
    Background

    Gastric cancer is one of themost common types of cancer in the world. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a pro-inflammatory enzyme and an important mediator of tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

    Objectives

    The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between COX-2 gene polymorphism and the risk of developing gastric cancer.

    Methods

    This case-control study was carried out on 150 patients with gastric cancer and 150 healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted using a modified method of protein precipitation at high salt concentrations. Polymorphisms of the COX-2 gene were investigated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

    Results

    In this study, the frequency of GG genotype and CC genotype was significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer and healthy individuals, respectively (P < 0.05). However, the frequency of CC genotype did not significantly differ between the 2 study groups.

    Conclusions

    We demonstrated that the homozygous GG genotype of COX-2 is significantly more frequent in patients with gastric cancer compared to healthy individuals. This could indicate the possible role of COX-2 in the development or progression of gastric cancer.

    Keywords: Gastric Cancer, Cyclooxygenase 2, Polymorphism