مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی و دوم شماره 9 (آذر 1400)

Regarding the effect of diabetes on vascularization processes, the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on the cardiovascular system have been proven. This study aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on muscle angiogenesis and downstream factors of the PI3KR2 pathway in cardiac tissue of diabetic rats.

Twenty diabetic male Wistar rats (mean weight, 191.9±10.85) were divided into two groups of control (n=10) and training (n=10) and the groups were matched based on weight. 48 hours after the last training session, cardiac tissue samples were taken after an overnight fast. Immunohistochemistry (alkaline phosphatase activity) was used to measure the cardiac muscle capillary density. Also, AKT and eNOS proteins were measured by ELISA method.

Independent t-test showed that 8-week aerobic training significantly increased the capillary density (p=0.018) and also caused a significant increase in the expression of AKT and eNOS proteins as compared to control group (p=0.001).

The results of this study indicated the development of angiogenesis by aerobic exercise in diabetic conditions. According to the results of this study, it can be expressed that aerobic exercise can be used as a non-drug treatment to improve heart perfusion in diabetic patients.

Background & Refraction, which is an essential component of vision care, is the determination of the amount of refractive error in the eyes. According to the existence of deprivation in different regions and the high prevalence of myopia, this study aimed to estimate and compare the agreement among three refraction methods including subjective and objective (autorefraction and retinoscopy).
Materials & This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 80 myopic individuals (160 eyes) referred to Razmjou-Moghaddam Clinic in Zahedan City from April to July in 2018 using a convenience sampling method. Visual acuity was first measured with a Snellen chart with and without correction and then the refractive error was determined by subjective refraction method using trial frame and objective refraction by autorefraction and retinoscope. The agreement between the parameters of sphere and astigmatism and the astigmatism axis between the three methods was calculated using the intra-class correlation coefficient index. P-value less than 5% was considered as a significant level.
The mean age was 23.0±4.1 years. Most of the participants were female (70%). Also, most of them were students (87.5%). Participants had, on average, 0.6±2.8 hours of near-eye work per day. The agreements between the three methods in measuring the spherical power of refractive errors, power, and cylinder axis were estimated to be 99%, 89%, and 69%, respectively, which were statistically significant (p<0.001). Furthermore, the mean power of the sphere was estimated to be more negative by the autorefraction method than the subjective refraction and retinoscope.
According to the high prevalence of myopia, the existence of deprivation in different regions of Sistan-and-Baluchestan province, and based on the available facilities, it seems that the subjective refraction method can be used as an alternative to objective refraction methods for evaluation of the refractive errors.

Early diagnosis of gestational diabetes and subsequent treatment plays a vital role in preventing the consequences of pregnancy. According to the results of previous studies about the increase in amniotic fluid glucose levels following gestational diabetes, this study aimed to determine the relationship between amniotic fluid glucose level and maternal BMI, fetal birth weight, and maternal blood glucose in mothers undergoing second-trimester genetic amniocentesis.

This study is a prospective cohort design performed on 115 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis in the second-trimester of pregnancy at Kowsar Obstetrics and Gynecology Center. Data were collected using a checklist that assesses the initial demographic characteristics of individuals, including maternal age, severity, parity, gestational age, maternal weight and height, BMI, macrosomic birth history, history of preterm delivery, and abortion. The validity and reliability of the checklist were previously confirmed by the professors of the obstetrics and gynecology and Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

 The results of the present study showed that amniotic fluid glucose has a positive and significant correlation with age, fasting blood sugar, amniotic fluid volume, and birth weight of the fetus. Also, pregnant mothers with gestational diabetes had higher fasting blood sugar, fetal birth weight, amniotic fluid volume, and amniotic fluid glucose and had a significant difference with non-patients.

 With all the limitations of the present study, the results showed that amniotic fluid glucose could be used as a factor in the follow-up and consideration of pregnant mothers for gestational diabetes and fetal birth weight.

Currently, chemotherapy and surgery are the main strategies in the clinical treatment of cancer. However, the side effects of chemotherapy drugs on normal tissues affect the quality of a patient’s life. In addition, the resistance of the cancer cells to anticancer drugs limits the therapeutic effects. Therefore, the discovery of new treatments to improve cancer therapy is required. In recent years, many studies have shown the potential inhibitory effects of mesenchymal stem cells in cancer progression. Human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (hAFMSCs) are the unique type of human mesenchymal stem cells that are suitable for some human diseases. Furthermore, recently there are investigations on the anticancer effects of these types of cells. Conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells has more advantages than stem cells, such as being easy to produce, package, freeze, and transport, which can lead to drug production. As a result, the conditioned media of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells can be a beneficial candidate for cancer treatment.

Lung involvement is a common presentation of Hydatid disease in children. In addition, giant Hydatid cyst is common in children due to parenchymal elasticity of their lungs. In this study, we presented a case of giant Hydatid cyst that was ruptured following trauma through car accident and lung drowning with Hydatid fluid in a 5-year-old boy.

Our patient was a 5-year-old boy who was injured in a car accident. He had full signs and symptoms of obvious respiratory failure. Based on chest X-ray, the primary diagnosis was congenital pulmonary cyst, so a chest tube was placed for decompression. By evaluation of the chest CT-scan, we detected a communicating rupture of Hydatid cyst. Despite full conservative treatment, patient’s condition was exacerbated. Therefore, we decided to perform surgical intervention for removing the pressure of the cyst on lung. The patient’s condition did not improve. Unfortunately, the patient had cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was not successful and we lost the patient.

Chest trauma is common in traumatic patients and pleural effusion, empyema, and pneumothorax may occur for a variety of reasons. Various factors can cause these symptoms, and among all the possible causes, the physician should consider the possibility of a ruptured Hydatid cyst following trauma to the lung as one of the differential diagnoses, especially in endemic areas with higher prevalence of Hydatid disease. In the present case, cyst rupture and subsequent drowning and asphyxia with cyst fluid were the main causes of mortality.

Cardiovascular disease is touted as one of the leading casualties in the world and accounts for a third of all deaths. In recent years, stem cells have been introduced as a novel and reliable therapeutic approach for the alleviation of cardiovascular disease. In cell-based therapies, induction of angiogenesis into the ischemic areas is at the center of attention of clinical and basic science specialists. It has been shown that pluripotent stem cells as well as stem cells and progenitor cells drived from tissues like bone marrow are eligible to stimulate angiogenesis to return functionality of ischemic tissues.

The present study is a descriptive review study and several articles indexed in PubMed, ISI and Scopus databases on the effective role of stem cells from various sources in stimulating angiogenesis in damaged heart tissue based on repair mechanisms. Has been reviewed. In addition, an attempt has been made to effectively explain the ability of stem cells to increase or improve angiogenic status in ischemic conditions in terms of basic molecular mechanisms.

The results has been shown that stem cells could increase blood flow to the ischemic region of the heart through secretory (paracrine) methods as well as differentiation into the endothelial cell line and accelerate the healing process of damaged areas.

The use of cell therapy-based methods to increase blood flow to the affected areas of the heart is an effective strategy to improve cardiac tissue function.

The prescribing pattern of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has scarcely been studied in Iran. This study aims to evaluate the prescribing pattern of NSAIDs in the prescriptions of the patients who referred to Taleghani and Imam Khomeini educational pharmacies from March 21st to September 22nd, 2019 in order to find a way to reduce their irrational and excessive prescription as well as their serious side effects.

In this retrospective, cross-sectional study all the prescriptions containing NSAIDs from March 21st to September 22nd, 2019 in Taleghani and Imam Khomeini educational pharmacies were analyzed using the Tebyan software and the drug interactions were determined using the Lexicomp application and the data was collected.

Among the overall 47652 prescriptions analyzed in both pharmacies, the most and the least prescribed drug in both pharmacies were the 30 mg/mL ketorolac ampoule and the 250 ml mephenamic acid, respectively. The greatest number of major and moderate interactions between drugs in Imam Khomeini pharmacy were both seen in prescriptions containing the 30mg/mL ketorolac ampoule with the percentages of 41.9% and 32.1%, respectively; and in Taleghani pharmacy the greatest number of both interactions were seen in prescriptions containing the 30mg/1mL ketorolac ampoule with the percentages of 75.2% and 76.6%, respectively.

NSAIDs are widely prescribed and a high number of drug interactions are observed in prescriptions containing these drugs. We can conclude from this study that physicians need more attention and education concerning NSAID drug interactions with each other and with other drugs.

Febrile Seizure reffered to seizures associated with febrile illness in the absence of central nervous system infection or acute electrolyte disturbance in children without a history of non-febrile seizures. The brain is one of the target tissues for the actions of vitamin D. This steroid hormone plays an important role in the nervous system. The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of vitamin D in patients with febrile illness and febrile seizures admitted to Motahhari Hospital, Urmia, Iran.

The present study was a case-control study in which 50 children with febrile seizure were studied as thecase group and 50 children with febrile illness without seizure as the controlgroup. Inclusion criteria for the case group included age 6 months to 5 years, febrile seizure, no nervous system infection, and no electrolyte disturbance. Exclusion criteria were seizures without fever, epilepsy and neurological lesions. Inclusion criteria for the control group were febrile patients admitted to Motahhari Hospital, Urmia, Iran without a history of seizures.

Out of 100 patients studied, 51 were boys and 49 were girls. The mean age of the whole study population was 31.5 ± 6.4 months. After comparing two groups, it was found that there was no significant difference between the two groups in anthropometric characteristics. The mean level of vitamin D among febrile patients was 30.83 ± 28.93 and the mean level of vitamin D among febrile seizure patients was 26.18 ± 12.44 ng / dl. There was no significant difference between two groups in this regard.

Based on the results of our study, there was no significant difference in the mean level of vitamin D between two groups of febrile patients without seizures and patients with febrile seizures, although the mean level of vitamin D in patients with febrile seizures was in the range defined as deficient.