Personalized Medicine Journal
Volume:6 Issue: 23, Autumn 2021

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in Iranian men and the fourth most common cancer in women. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs may also engage in remodeling the tumor microenvironment and tumor metastasis. A lncRNA called LBX2 antisense RNA 1 (LBX2-AS1) has been reported to exert crucial regulatory actions in various cancer. In this study, we evaluate the expression of LBX2-AS1gene in 30 colorectal cancer tumor samples. Gene expression was assessed by Real-time PCR method and the results were analyzed by 2^-DDct. relative expression of this gene in tumor samples compared to healthy samples showed a 1.4-fold increase in tumor samples. According to our findings in this study and the results of other studies, it can be concluded that this gene can be used as a therapeutic target.

Lung cancer is the first cause of cancer deaths in the world. Pemetrexed is an antifolate drug used as a first or second-line in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an important enzyme in a folic acid metabolic pathway and a central role in clinical response to pemetrexed. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between rs1801133 polymorphism and the overall survival of metastatic NSCLC patients.   Thirty-four patients with metastatic lung cancer were treated with pemetrexed-based regimen at Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of patients before initiation of treatment. Genotyping of rs1801133 polymorphism was performed at the National Institute of Genetic Engineering by PCR-RFLP methods. Statistical analysis performed with SPSS software, version 21.0.  Thirty-four patients were enrolled in this study. 21 patients (62%) were male and 13 (38%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 58.90 years. rs1801133 polymorphism were not significantly associated with survival in patients treated with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy.  Previous studies have demonstrated that MTHFR polymorphism may predict survival among pemetrexed-based regimen treated advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients. However, in this study, the examined polymorphisms were not associated with patients' survival.

Personal medicine is based on purposeful treatment that, unlike traditional therapies, considers a person's genetic structure and medical history before establishing a treatment regimen. This science has made possible the improvement of "pharmacogenomic" knowledge, which identifies individuals who respond to a particular treatment based on their genotype information. The findings of the Cancer Genome Atlas Network show that each molecular endorsement of each BCis unique. Also, different responses to a given medication regimen have been reported among a similar group of breast cancer. Thus, personal medicine plays a role in the care of patients with breast cancer, in which a person's characteristics, including genetic characteristics, guide clinical decisions and are effective in choosing the right treatment for the patient at the right time.

In this study the effect of C. colocynthis extract and phycocyanin on the growth of colon cancer cells, and the expression of Caspase 3 and Bax were investigated.Materials &

colon cancer cells (HT29) were treated with different concentrations of C. colocynthis and phycocyanin extracts for 24, 48 & 72 hours. The percentage of cell survival was then measured by MTT assay. Expression of Caspase 3 and Bax genes was investigated by real-time PCR. At the end results were analyzed by SPSS software.

Significant differences were observed in the average percentage of dead cells with 2 to 30 g/μL concentration of extract, phycocyanin, extract + phycocyanin after 24, 48 and 72 hours (p<0.05). The combination of extract and phycocyanin as well as phycocyanin alone showed stronger inhibitory effects on growth of cancer cells compared to extract (p <0.05). The expression of Bax gene was significantly increased by treatment of combination of extract and phycocyanin (2.55-fold) and also C. colocynthis extract alone (1.67-fold) (p <0.01). In addition, the combination of extract and phycocyanin and Abujahl watermelon extract significantly increased the expression of caspase 3 gene (2.15 and 1.75), respectively (p <0.01).

The anticancer effect of Citrullus Colocynthis extract, as well as phycocyanin can be applied by increase the expression of Bax and caspase 3 genes and as a result, apoptosis induction in cancer cells.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common infertility disorder, affecting a significant proportion of the global population. This syndrome has been one of the most controversial entities in gynecological endocrinology for many years. Both genes and the environment contribute to PCOS. Obesity, exacerbated by poor dietary choices, and physical inactivity, worsens PCOS in susceptible individuals. PCOS is a complex and heterogeneous disorder characterized by hyperandrogenemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and chronic anovulation. Many candidate genes have been identified to be one of the causes of PCOS. Different studies have been carried out to find the genetic correlation of PCOS. It is essential to carry out such studies that identify the clear cause of PCOS and its genetic association and hormonal disbalance. Currently, PCOS is considered a polygenic trait that might result from the interaction of susceptible and protective genomic variants and environmental factors, during either prenatal or postnatal life.

Personalized medicine as a revolutionary in medicine provides medical services tailored to a person's molecular characteristics. In personalized medicine, the physician with the knowledge of information in the person’s molecular profile (omics) can prescribe an effective drug with minimal side effects and appropriate dose for changing lifestyle and diet to prevent and treat diseases.Theoretically, the molecular profile of each individual could give some information about risk of diseases, the person responses to medications and the relationship between person molecular profile and certain traits, such as lactose intolerance and diet-specific adaptation.In the past, it was impossible to confirm the presence or absence of mutations in an individual's genome, as the use of molecular techniques such as PCR was very time consuming and was associated with many limitations. On the other hand, many traits and diseases are multigenic and the consequence of interaction with environment. Furthermore mathematical models for measuring genetic risk were not developed.In recent years, creation of individual genetic profile with determination of a person's genotype and all known mutations in a short time and at low cost became possible, due to advances in microarray technology, computer science and statistics.In parallel with genomics, advances in other multidisciplinary sciences such as nanotechnology and systematic biology have facilitated the disease interactions at the cellular and molecular scale. Nanomedicine has provided the control of drug release profiles using design and fabrication of nanostructured devices, so it is hoped that by combining these information and examining their interactions, better contribution to human health will be achieved. In this review, we focused on nanotechnology applications and solutions that impact on personalized medicine and accelerate its progress and development.