مجله جغرافیا و روابط انسانی
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 15، زمستان 1400)

Given the importance of water and its impact on the survival of living organisms and taking into account the current conditions of the country's water resources, research and study in this area with a forward-looking approach to increase horizons and prepare for possible conditions. And the development of appropriate executive policies is one of the most important scientific research priorities in the country. The region of West Asia, where many countries are located on the world's desert belt and are inherently rainy and water-scarce, has been most challenged by the "water shortage crisis" in recent decades due to misguided water policies. In the future, by changing the precipitation pattern (reducing precipitation, changing the type of precipitation and intensifying evaporation) will have security and military consequences. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the future of water in Iran and the impact of its possible future on the decisions and lives of people and on the other hand to develop intellectual methods to create better conditions for decision makers in water resources by providing a viable perspective. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of type of research is a combination of documentary and survey methods and in terms of nature is based on the method of futurology, analytical and exploratory science. In this study, using questionnaire design, interviews with experts and experts and also using futures research techniques such as Delphi technique and scenario planning, the factors driving the future of water in Iran are determined and then these factors are based on the importance and uncertainty.

Recently, the terms governance and good urban governance have become increasingly pervasive in the world development and management literature, and bad governance is considered as one of the causes of all problems and misery within urban society. Urban governance, as a set of methods in which individuals, institutions, the public sector and the private sector manage and plan the common affairs of the city, is an ongoing process through which conflicting or incompatible interests can be harmonized and collective action Occurs. Urban governance is intertwined with the well-being of its citizens. Good urban governance is based on the principle of citizenship and its most important and central concept is the participation of citizens in the management of city affairs. Citizens' participation in the management of the city is so important and decisive that if this feature is weakened, it can no longer be called good urban governance. In this research, based on the data collected from library studies, the obstacles and underlying challenges facing urban governance in Iran have been investigated. The results show that components such as "lack of city and the existence of a basic theory to define the city in Iran", "lack of strong and effective civil society", "lack of development of the concept of planning in Iran", "lack of position of the concept of citizenship" "Government in Iran", "The position of urban management in the laws and documents above", "Lack of integration in urban management" and "Unsustainable financing of municipalities and its related problems" are among the most important obstacles in this field.

Bab al-Mandab strait is the most important waterway in the world and its place in the strategy of regional powers and actors also trans-regional highlights the geopolitical-Geo economic competitiveness of resource-owning and consuming countries oil and gas energy to dominate its transit channels. Bab al Mandab Strait is an important commercial center. It connects the two unstable and insecure regions of the Arabian Peninsula and the horn of Africa and creates a platform for presence. There are many actors who pursue geo-economic thinking under the influence of energy geopolitics. Accordingly ,research present with analytical-descriptive method while answering the question that the geopolitical competition system prevailing in the Bab al Mandab region and what does Geo economic goals does Al-Mandab ,pursued by regional and supra-regional actors, is being focused on by experts. We conclude that ensuring road safety, freedom of trade, facilitating the free movement of capital for the interests of countries. The holder of oil and gas energy reserves and the countries holding the pipelines are essential, hence the actors with control and energy transit monitoring wants to pursue their Geo economic goals.

Urban green spaces include different sections and have divisions that in this study we examine the monuments of Yasuj city. The purpose of this article is to study the factors and influential components including aesthetic, physical, emotional, functional components as well as other components such as texture, form, shape, color, etc. on improving the quality of urban green space. Is the city of Yasuj).In this study, by examining the components, we want to study their impact on the quality of urban parks. The research method in this research was field type, after statistical analysis of the findings which was prepared through a questionnaire and collected using SPSS software.According to the research findings, the emotional component has the greatest impact on improving the quality of the studied urban space. Based on the findings, the use of green space design capacity in creating a flexible and multi-functional space in the study area to improve its quality is the first priority.

Man as the most important factor in the dynamics of urban spaces needs a suitable context for effective presence in public spaces and the main function of public space is to provide and lay the ground for the presence of people, so its social and cultural dimensions have a special place. Therefore, in the present study, we intend to recognize the main trends, problems and challenges of urbanization and urban planning and management to recognize the role of factors affecting urban populism in Keshavarz Boulevard. This research is considered as a type of applied research and the method of work in this research is based on library studies, field studies and using the experiences of local communities, experts. In this research, after collecting and reviewing basic information (rules and Instructions, maps, methodology, etc.) SWOT method has been used in order to plan the strategic management plan of Keshavarz Boulevard in Tehran. The results of the present study indicate that the major goals of visual utility with strategy (improving green space, visual quality and bodies of adjacent buildings), improving security with strategy (increasing direct existence and improving lighting), promoting vitality with strategy (creating vitality And freshness through natural elements and proper focus), improving the performance of the boulevard with strategy (creating space and new sections of activity and improving the existing uses of the boulevard for recreational use of the boulevard), dynamism with strategy (design deformation) and integration With strategy (continuity in cable and spatial and activity continuity) in Keshavarz Boulevard can be effective in more diligent and strategic planning of Keshavarz Boulevard.

so in this An article is presented to create the best pattern or method of access to shelter housing for all male groups, with emphasis on three elements of housing and transportation and urban viability. The method of this research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting data, descriptive-survey. Using previous studies and researches, a paired matrix questionnaire was designed that after confirming the validity of several experts, 50 questionnaires were sent to experts and experts, and 43 questionnaires were collected and after calculating the adaptive ratio, the analysis was carried out. Data were obtained. Library information (books, articles, archives, etc.) and field (distribution of questionnaires) have been used for data collection. Research results from the questionnaire indicate that most respondents have affordable housing in transport access and communication and urban transport network as the most important alternative to improving urban transport as well as housing and housing. Urban and urban transport, urban viability and urban health, on the other hand, in the next step, have the modernity and efficiency of the urban transportation system, the quality and affordability of transport and the communication network and access services with very little difference The results indicate that they are in the third and fourth positions, and the rest in the next positions, each in the same place They are effective in improving urban transport.

Today, cultivating innovative, creative and self-sufficient human beings in research has become one of the main concerns of countries and one of the ideals of today's societies is to nurture researchers to grow and elevate themselves and society. One way to achieve this goal is to pay attention to education, specifically higher education and the subject of research-based education. Research self-efficacy measures students' readiness for research activities. If students use research self-efficacy processes, they can study and research effectively supervise how they study and do research and have better academic and research performance. Therefore, the study of research self-efficacy, analysis and analysis of the factors affecting it, due to the effect on the successful conduct of research and its pursuit in graduate students, is important and can answer many problems and motivational problems of students in conducting research and also be a great help for faculty members to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their students in conducting research. Findings showed that research experience, academic motivation, teacher-student relationship, research atmosphere and environment, verbal encouragement and physiological arousal are the factors affecting the research self-efficacy of graduate students.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical indicators of urban spaces on the feasibility of Shahrshad in region one of Tehran. For this purpose, from the survey method, 185 residents of region one were selected by random sampling method and studied with a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity and reliability of the present study were ensured using Cronbach's alpha determination (0.94). The physical role of urban spaces on the realization of a happy city was done through the main physical factor and related sub-indices. Regarding physical-functional factors, three factors (appearance of buildings, materials and uses) and cultural physical elements, three human-centered factors (pedestrianism), safety and security (lighting, flooring, traffic) and sense of belonging (hangouts) And group activities) and the physical factor of aesthetics three factors (color diversity, lighting and environmental graphics) and the physical factor of service five factors (equipment of urban furniture, accessibility and ease of it, climate protection, creating recreation centers of service, cleanliness and cleanliness of the environment ) Was determined. According to the research results, physical factors and their role in the realization of a happy city. According to the F-test, physical-functional, physical-cultural, physical-aesthetic and service physical factors in the realization of a happy city with a significant level of 0.015, 0.016, 0.011 and 0.009, respectively, effective relationship There is. Also, there is a significant relationship between the indicators of physical elements in the realization of a happy city through Pearson correlation in all cases at the level of 95%.

Today, due to the unhealthy physical growth of cities and imbalances in existing land uses, and on the other hand, to improve the quality of urbanization and balance and organize and optimize land uses, urban lands are very important. The purpose of this article is to describe the types of land uses. In Dehdasht city, considering their location and identifying the shortcomings of this city in terms of required uses, it is necessary to study the size, per capita, density and distribution of each of them and finally provide a future development model and strategies to achieve the desired development. The research method in this article is based on a descriptive-analytical approach. To develop a theoretical framework for research and review of previous research, the library method (documentary) was used and the results were analyzed using SWOT technique. Findings of the research according to the current situation of the city until 2003 indicate that some of the city uses in terms of per capita (per person) and area (distance), in an unfavorable situation and on the other hand some uses in this regard They are in a good position. This situation indicates an imbalance and inconsistency between users, which is due to the lack of careful attention of urban planners at the time of their preparation. The results of land use analysis in Dehdasht show that the physical expansion of the city in recent decades and its increase in population has caused an imbalance in the distribution of land uses and many existing land uses do not comply with scientific criteria and standards of architecture and urban planning.

Participatory management system is a system of intellectual and practical cooperation of all members of an organization with different levels of management of that organization. In this system, all members of the organization actively think about ways to solve problems and improve the productivity of the organization and present the results to the organization in the form of plans and suggestions. In this way, the organization uses a system of both thinking and thinking to achieve the goals of the organization. The management system, in a sense, is in fact a kind of council management system with its own form. In this system, the thoughts and creativity of all members of the organization are valued and used in decision making. The existence and flow of this system has several positive and desirable results and consequences that play an important role in the resource development process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and position of participatory management on urban development. Scientific and library resources were used to examine the theoretical foundations of the research and also a questionnaire was used to quantitatively examine the relationship between variables. For this purpose, 50 questionnaires were distributed among urban experts. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson statistical test. The results show that the relationship between participatory management and urban development is a direct relationship that can improve urban development.

Cities are the places that make up the majority of the world's population today. Population growth, increasing demand and need of citizens in the physical, socio-cultural, economic, environmental, etc. areas have caused today's cities to move more and more towards decline. Therefore, this man-made place must be able to meet the demands of its citizens in order to improve their quality of life and, consequently, to achieve sustainable development. Quality of life is something that encompasses all aspects of human life. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to provide concepts of dimensions and indicators affecting the quality of life in order to achieve a more complete knowledge of this broad category. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and its method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done by library method including articles, books and documents. The results indicate that the quality of life is directly related to the two objective and mental environments of human beings and affects the satisfaction and importance of these environments for citizens. In this regard, six indicators; Sustainability, sustainable development, capital, residential satisfaction, resilience and popular participation have been identified as the main roots of quality of life, both of which are influential and influential. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired quality in the city and, of course, the life of the citizens, all the above factors must be considered in the same shadow and at the same time.

Solar energy is one of the climatic elements that affect the earth's surface processes such as soil and water resources, snowmelt, evaporation, and transpiration processes, and the like. Given the great importance of energy, this study aimed to estimate the net radiation received from the sun was in the city of Darab. Thus, the digital elevation model and satellite images of Landsat 8 were received during different months (from September 2019 to August 2020) for the study area. And while making the necessary corrections on each of the images, by the surface energy balance model (SEBAL), net radiation maps that reached the ground surface of Darab city were prepared for each month. According to the research findings, the highest amount of net radiation received by the city occurs during April. In this month, the average net radiation received in the whole city is equal to 527.13 watts per square meter. Also, studies conducted in April show that the Rustaq section with an average of 557.43 watts per square meter, has received the highest amount of energy received, and then the central and forg sections are in the next ranks with 538.03 and 479.61 watts per square meter, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest amount of net radiation received in the entire study area was in December, the average radiation received by the whole city this month is 327.99 watts per square meter. In this month, the Rustaq section had the highest amount of radiation received with an average of 357.40 watts per square meter of energy and then the central and forged sections are next with 334.65 and 288.87 watts per square meter, respectively.

Medical and health uses are among the uses that are very important for its distribution and distribution in the city. They even use it as an important factor to measure the sustainable development of cities and its proper distribution so that all the inhabitants of a city have access. Proper to have it is one of the requirements of modern urban planning. In this study, Mallard city has been selected as a case study. The city, with a population of about 400,000, has no hospital.the research method is based on the descriptive-analytical nature and its type is applied. The data collection method is based on library-field studies and spatial data of the study area. Information was collected by studying books, dissertations, articles and publications, and documents using maps 2000/1 and field observations of the situation in the study area. According to the obtained information, FuzzyAHP model in ARCGIS software environment has been used to weigh the criteria.the layers used to locate the hospital and the weights intended for each layer including slope, slope direction, height, distance from roads, distance from fire stations, distance from river, distance from fault were used and then information layers and Criteria were prepared according to the criteria, and finally a combination map of the criteria was matched after the weighting process using the overlap method. Finally, the optimal locations for the location of the hospital and health care centers on The study area was identified.the results of the research show well that the construction of a new hospital location in both the public and private sectors requires scientific and accurate location.

In recent years, dust events have been one of the most important air pollution crises in Ahvaz province. Dust events One of the phenomena that has been transformed into a permanent covenant with southern provinces for many years is the phenomenon of dust. Dust events in Ahvaz are a natural hazard. In the present study, changes in dust events during the studied months, seasons and years for this purpose, the statistics of selected station was utilized in a 11-year period (2005-2015) for Ahvaz, and their relationship to SPI were evaluated. The index is a standard indicator for precipitation. Additionally, non-parametric procedures in statistics pearsonian correlation were utilized to identify the changes trend in frequency with dust events on monthly, Season and annual scales. The results showed that from May to July and summer had the most dust events number compared to other months and seasons. Furthermore, results showed that there was a direct relationship between dust event and drought and years having intensive drought. The results show that in the Ahvaz, the temperature and precipitation series were significantly positive and negatively correlated to the dust storm frequency on a decadal timescale. Compared with temperature changes.

Citizenship rights are part of fundamental rights such as political participation, which is inspired by human rights in its relative form and takes on a national form in some constitutions, and in short it is the part of fundamental rights that is belonging to oneself. Also, citizenship rights are among the basic rights of every citizen, both men and women. These rights have civil, political, economic, social, cultural and judicial dimensions, and citizens play a role in every dimension. In this regard, the political management of space also has an important place. Political management of space in the national dimension is the political management of space in order to achieve national goals with a comprehensive, forward-looking and strategic perspective and taking into account the natural, human and economic constraints in geographical spaces (national and regional) And sustainable territorial development. By participating in elections directly and indirectly, citizens play a role in electing the leadership, the presidency, members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the head of the judiciary, members of city and village Islamic councils, and the chairman of the Supreme National Security Council. Implementation of various policies to political management of space in the country.

In the past, Iranian architecture had enduring features that played a key role in the continuation of this architecture in different periods. These characteristics have been principles and concepts that are derived from the culture and values ​​of society and are rooted in people's beliefs. But in the contemporary era, neglecting this important issue has caused a break in the continuity of Iranian architecture. Therefore, in order to preserve these values, these principles must be re-read in contemporary architecture. It seems that the presence of light in Iranian architecture has been not only to meet the needs but also to intelligently search for the values ​​and beliefs of the people. The manner of its presence and impact in this architecture, as well as knowledge, is associated with a special vision through which light enters the architectural space and creates concepts and meanings of permanence. These concepts are rooted in the beliefs and values ​​of the Iranian people and it seems that this feature has played an important role in preserving them in Iranian architecture. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and the results show that Iranian architects have realized the importance of the vital element of "light" in the design of spaces and all their efforts have been to capture and use scattered light with the help of architecture. .

"Car accommodations" or what is commonly called "informal housing". It is one of the problems facing modern cities, especially at the local level. Accordingly, the type, nature and process of possible interventions and how to deal with them are among the concepts that have a special place in Harry's planning and management. In the meantime, promoting urban planning from a purely physical-functional perspective to a multidimensional and multidimensional perspective in the form of considering social, psychological, qualitative and economic dimensions in interaction with physical-functional dimensions, is one of the results of considering the concept of quality of urban life It has been in the global arena, while today, the creation of some informal neighborhoods in different parts of cities with many problems, has made it difficult for the residents of the neighborhoods to achieve this important goal and has caused dissatisfaction among the residents. Following this, the need to pay attention to the concept of quality and improve it in residential environments along with paying attention to a little more issues is felt. Improving the quality of the environment in informal settlements is from a physical and cultural perspective. The results show that in recent decades, unhealthy neighborhoods and informal settlements have been gradually formed and spread mainly in the suburbs of metropolises and large cities of the country, outside the official urban development plan and in the form of vehicles. It can be said that unconventional and abnormal migration and marginalization are caused by development crises and lead to imbalances in structures and the failure of demographic outflow thresholds and the lack of proper urban management and the lack of short-term and long-term control plans. And attention to urban development and cheap housing in this crisis, leads to informal housing in large cities.

Today, it is rare to find someone who does not deal with urban furniture in any way. And organizing and balancing the space is one of the key issues in the field of urban planning. Urban furniture should follow the visual beauty of the environment, urban services and its elements, in addition to proper use and service, should also provide peace of mind for residents. The research has been compiled with the aim of organizing urban furniture on Imam Khomeini Boulevard in Yasuj. Therefore, in order to achieve the above goal, documentary and field methods have been used to prepare information and analyze and combine them. In the documentary stage, tools such as articles, maps and the Internet have been used to collect information. and in the field method. By attending the study area, information was collected through the collection of elements. And in order to show the current situation and the degree of compliance and difference between the elements in the range with the standards and common criteria, we have used the table of comparison of standards. The results obtained from the studies show that the current situation of furniture on Imam Khomeini Boulevard in Yasuj is at a low level compared to current standards and due to the lack of some furniture and lack of proper care of furniture, etc. could not be a suitable environment to create the presence of citizens in public urban space. Therefore, the study area needs to be properly organized to improve the current situation and repair sidewalks to facilitate movement for different segments of society.

Today, the growth of urbanization and the proliferation of cars in many developing countries has led to an increase in the density and rate of traffic accidents in the urban road network, which are not designed to pass this volume and type of traffic. Weaknesses in the proper maintenance of roads and passages and the existence of incorrectly designed intersections have caused serious problems in the safety of the urban road network. Also, non-observance of the hierarchy of the space organization and lack of attention to the distribution and distribution of urban land uses in cities, especially metropolises, causes unrest within urban neighborhoods and inadvertently draws transit traffic to the center of these neighborhoods. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to identify traffic challenges and the role of management in promoting traffic safety in urban thoroughfares and public transportation by descriptive-analytical method. To achieve this goal, a general study of the main causes and factors of traffic challenges in cities from the perspective of officials and citizens, and finally, practical suggestions were presented in order to organize this problem in metropolises. The results show that an important factor to motivate people and in return to develop and improve the quality of urban services and improve traffic safety in urban roads and public transport and thus organize traffic. And the more this satisfaction is among the citizens, the more their cooperation with various institutions will be in order to better perform their duties and provide services in the city. It can be said that using global experiences and having short-term and long-term approaches to urban transportation issues, while creating human-centered infrastructure, improving the quality of urban life and citizens' lives with the focus on improving urban performance can be a useful approach.

The village is the smallest geographical unit where the livelihood of most of its inhabitants is based on land use and rural development requires knowledge and awareness of issues and economic, social and cultural factors such as increasing production, improving knowledge and motivation, providing various services and Improving the communication network and transportation and improving the village, diversifying the rural employment facilities in order to achieve the macro development of the country, recognizing the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats to be able to fully plan for optimal development. Presented a villager. In our country, achieving integrated development of rural settlements has been proposed as a strategy to preserve settlements, because this type of development is the best way to organize the optimal establishment of villages and their preservation. To achieve this type of development, comprehensive knowledge of the points in the region can be a more effective and better method to identify them and plan to use the capabilities and eliminate weaknesses to achieve an integrated and sustainable development. In this article,, cultural-political, economic and spatial-physical have been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the problems and shortcomings of civil management and development of rural settlements and the need to identify rural development challenges in order to achieve sustainable development goals. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method. The results show that the need to address the issue of the village and its development has been felt by the government and in most cases, has been considered as the focus of development policies. But in the context of the twentieth century, rural development still faces many problems and challenges, which, along with environmental problems, draw attention to a type of development called "sustainable rural development."

This research was goals investigating the Challenges of Palm Trees in Sustainable Date Production. The population was in research consist of Palm Trees in Dashtestan County. Therefore, for selecting the samples, targeted snowball sampling (chain referencing) was used. Sampling continued until data saturation, in the end, the number of participants in the study reached 17. The research method was of qualitative type based on the data theory method of the foundation. The research data were collected using a deep interview and group discussion and analyzed with three open and axial coding methods. After an in-depth review of the issue, 29 major barriers to sustainable production management in Dashtestan were identified. Generally among the factors identified due to the abundance of water and drought factors, the presence of speculators and lack of palm co-operation, lack of guaranteed date palm purchase, lack of cold storage and high productivity are the most important palm problems in palm production management. Production was stable. Finally, codes of a similar nature fall into the categories of barriers to marketing, economic and supportive, educational, and skillful, ecological, policy and industrialization.