نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال دهم شماره 10 (پیاپی 67، دی 1400)

The aim of the research was to investigate the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between coping styles and self-concept of elementary school students in Ardakan. The present study was descriptive-correlational which was performed using Path Analysis. The statistical population consisted of all first-grade male students in Ardakan. Using the cluster sampling method, 330 people were selected as the sample.  Data were collected using the Connor Smith Stress Management Styles Questionnaire (RSQ) (1997), Harter  Student Self-Concept (SPPC) (1985), and Grasmick et al.'s Self-Control Questionnaire (SCS) (1993)  and analyzed using Pearson correlation test and Path Analysis. Findings showed that the coping style of intentional coping directly and indirectly through self-control had a positive and significant relationship on self-concept (p <0.01).  Unintentional avoidance coping style had a direct negative relationship on self-concept but indirectly had a positive relationship on self-concept by increasing self-control (p<0.01). The unintentional coping style had a negative and significant relationship on self-concept indirectly through self-control and deliberate avoidance coping style had a negative and significant relationship on self-concept directly (p<0.01). Overall, the findings showed that self-control can play a significant mediating role in the relationship between coping styles and self-concept in elementary school students.

Determining the effectiveness of couple's integrated behavioral therapy on sexual self-efficacy and sexual self-concept was acquired in individuals with acquired premature ejaculation. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all married people aged 25 to 45 years who had been referred to psychology and counseling clinics in Kermanshah in 2020 for premature ejaculation. The sample consisted of 30 men who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and waiting groups (15 people in each group). Data in three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up using sexual self-efficacy questionnaires (SSES) (Vaziri & Lotfi Kashani, 2013), sexual self-concept (MSSCQ) (Snell, Fisher & Walters, 1995), premature ejaculatory diagnostic tools (PEDT) (Simmonds et al., 2007) and time Gauges were collected. Integrative behavioral couple therapy was performed for the experimental group in 9 sessions, but no therapeutic intervention was used for the control group. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bephroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data. Coupling integrated behavioral therapy was effective on sexual self-efficacy, sexual self-concept, premature ejaculation, and latency of intravaginal ejaculation (IELT) (P<0.001); And the scores of dependent variables in the post-test and follow-up stages increased compared to the waiting groups and the score of premature ejaculation decreased (P<0.001), also the therapeutic effect was maintained until follow-up. The findings of the present study can be used for clinical and therapeutic interventions to promote sexual self-efficacy and sexual self-concept and, as a result, improve the latency of intravaginal ejaculation (IELT) and premature ejaculation in men.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of educational engagement in relation to boredom preparation and academic performance of high school students in Semnan. the present study is descriptive - correlation with the method of Structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included 3952 high school students in the academic year of 2018-19 in Semnan city and the research sample consisted of 400 students who were selected by cluster sampling method. To collect data from The Frederick, Blumenfeld & Press (2004) (SES) educational engagement Questionnaire, Pham & Taylor academic performance Questionnaire (1999) (EPT), and Farmer and Sandberg (1986) (BPS) Boredom preparation Questionnaire were used. Pearson correlation and structural relationship modeling methods were used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that educational engagement significantly mediates the relationship between boredom preparation and the academic performance of high school students. Based on this, it can be stated that the academic performance of high school students in Semnan city by educational engagement(at the rate of 0.597) (p<0/01) and by boredom preparation (-0.118 directly (p<0/05) and  -0/102  indirectly (p<0/05)) will be predictable. Therefore, it is necessary for psychologists and education specialists to take measures to increase educational engagement and reduce boredom preparation in students.

The aim of this research was to investigate evaluate cognitive-behavioral play therapy on alexithymia and reduce academic burnout in students with special learning disabilities (severe). In terms of purpose, the present study is a part of basic research and in terms of method, it is a quasi-experimental study with a pre- post-test and group waiting for treatment. The study community included all primary students with special learning disabilities disorder in Kermanshah city, from which 30 people were available selected as a sample. Research questionnaires included: Toronto Mood Inventory Questionnaire FTAS-20 (2013) School– Burnout Inventory SBI (2005) and Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire CLDQ (2011). Path analysis was used for multivariate covariance analysis of the data. Findings showed that cognitive-behavioral play therapy reduced emotional problems and alexithymia and burnout in these children (p< 0.001). As a result, the findings showed that play therapy can be used as a suitable way to reduce emotional, alexithymia and its components and academic burnout problems in children.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Combination of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Interventions and the 12-step method in reducing the defense mechanism of denial in recovering addicts in Tehran province. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all recovering addicts in Tehran province in 1399, of which 58 people were selected by purposive non-random sampling and assigned to experimental groups (30 people) and control (28 people). The instrument of the present study was the Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ) (Andrews et al., 1993). The intervention group received psychotherapy for 10 sessions of 60 minutes per week in addition to the twelve-step sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of the defense mechanism denial of the experimental and control groups in the post-test stage (p <0.05). The subjects in the experimental group scored better than the control group in the post-test stage compared to the control group. Based on the findings of this study, short-term intensive scanning psychotherapy and the 12-step method as a suitable option to reduce the defense mechanism of addicts' denial are improving.

The spread of technology in the present time has caused new issues and problems, one of which is the increasing and easier access of people to sexual content, including pornography, which has many destructive effects. the aim of the present study was to predict the differentiation of pornography addiction based on the quality of communication in families of origin and difficulties in intimacy in men in Tehran. The research was descriptive and correlational and the population study included were men above 18, in Tehran in 2020-2021. 200 people were selected by voluntary (online) sampling as a research sample. In order to collect data from the problematic consumption scales of pornography (Bőthe, & et al, 2018; PPCS), the main family quality subscale of the Relationship Scale (Busby, Holman, & Taniguchi, 2001; FOO) and the fear of intimacy (Descutner, & Thelen, 1991; FIS) were used. The discriminant analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results The results showed that the quality of communication of the main family and problems in establishing intimacy are able to predict group membership of boys and men with pornography addiction and without pornography addiction (p<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that with the decrease in the quality of communication in families of origin and the increase in difficulties in intimacy, the use of pornography will increase.

This study aimed to investigate the role of behavioral emotion regulation, health locus of control, and mindfulness in predicting the quality of life in improved Covid-19 patients. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all improved Covid-19 patients in Ardabil city, 200 of whom entered the study using the purposive sampling method. Data collection tools included standard behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire (Kraaj and Garnefski, 2019), Health Locus of Control questionnaire (Walson and De Willis,1978), Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (Beer, Smith, Hopkins, Kritmir, et al, 2004), and the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire.  Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient test and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that quality of life was positively correlated with behavioral emotion regulation, mindfulness, and internal control and negatively correlated with external control. Regression results showed that mindfulness, behavioral emotion regulation, external control, and internal control explained 64% of the total variance in quality of life. These results suggest that behavioral emotion regulation, internal health locus of control, and mindfulness play an effective role in improving and enhancing the quality of life in improved Covid-19 patients.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prediction of Psychological Hardiness based on communication patterns between couples and conflict resolution styles in married men affected by an extramarital affair. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was married men affected by the extramarital affair of their spouses who were referred to welfare counseling centers in Mashhad in the first three months of 1400, from which 80 people were selected by Purposive sampling. The research instruments included the Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Scale (AHI) (Kiamarsi et al., 1998), the Couples Communication Pattern Questionnaire (CPQ) (Christens and Salavai, 1991), and the Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (ROCI-2) (Rahim, 1983). Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that the constructive relationship model of reciprocity and compromise conflict resolution styles, integration, and binding with psychological rigidity have a positive and significant relationship (P <0.01) and communication patterns of expectation/withdrawal and mutual avoidance. And avoidance conflict resolution styles, integration, and domination had a negative and significant relationship with psychological hardiness (P <0.01). Regression results also showed that constructive interaction, expectation/withdrawal, mutual avoidance, integration, domination, and compulsion styles were able to reduce 0.56 psychological hardiness in married men affected by extramarital affairs. Predict (P <0.05). Considering that psychological hardiness in married men affected by the extramarital affair is related to communication patterns between couples and conflict resolution styles, it is necessary to hold workshops based on these concepts in this group of people. Arrives.

The aim of this study was to investigate and identify the phenomenon of post-traumatic growth in women recovering from Covid-19 disease. The research method in this study was a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. For this purpose, fourteen women recovering from Covid disease over 18 years of age were selected through purposive sampling. A semi-structured interview was conducted. It should be noted that sampling was continued until data saturation. In order to analyze the findings, the data were first recorded and then analyzed using the 7-step Colaizzi method. The results of the initial coding were associated with the formation of semantic units that were categorized according to the commonalities and logical course in 18 sub-themes. Finally, the analysis of participants' experiences led to the formation of 7 main themes: -1Appreciate life-2 Change in the philosophy of life -3increase individual empowerment 4- Improved interpersonal relationships, 5- spiritual growth, 6- new goals and priorities, and 7- adaptive coping strategies. The obtained results emphasize the need to study and address the phenomenon of post-traumatic growth by counselors and psychologists, to promote and facilitate this phenomenon in people recovering from Covid-19 disease and also to organize counseling, care and psychological sessions to improve mental health and facilitate the phenomenon of post-growth.

The aim of this study was to identify the role of teachers in students' academic adjustment during coronavirus outbreaks. The present study was conducted qualitatively and with a descriptive phenomenological method. Participants in this study were 11 male elementary school students (fifth grade) in the 18th district of Tehran in autumn 2020. Participants were selected based on inclusion criteria using the purposive sampling method and sampling was continued until data saturation.  The data collection tool in this study was a semi-structured interview and the Colaizzi's method was used to analyze the data. Findings from data analysis led to the extraction of three main themes, which included the following themes: educational support, behavioral support, and psychological support. The results of this study indicate the importance of the teacher's role in students' academic adjustment during epidemics, including Covid-19; Teachers and other teaching staff can use the findings of this study to apply methods for better student adaptation.

The purpose of the present study was to predict the tendency to risky behaviors according to parenting style and mental-affective atmosphere perception of the family with the mediation of healthy lifestyle in the adolescents. The research method was correlational in structural equations modeling type. The statistical population of the study included secondary high school students (adolescents) in the city of Qom in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample of this study included 375 students who were selected through clustered random sampling method. The applied instruments included the Iranian adolescent risk assessment scale (IARS), the parenting styles questionnaire (PSQ), the psychological atmosphere and social family Questionnaire (PASFQ), health lifestyle questionnaire (HLQ). The data analysis from the study was done through Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling methods via SPSS and Amos versions 23. The results of the Pearson correlation analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the study variables. Moreover, the results showed that authoritative parenting, permissive parenting, and dictatorial parenting have a direct significant effect on the healthy lifestyle of the adolescents (p≤0.001) and succeeded in explaining 27.2, 8.4, and 8.2 Percentage of the variance of this variable respectively. Consistently, the mental-affective atmosphere of the family has a direct significant effect on the healthy lifestyle of the adolescents (p≤0.001) and succeeded in explaining 31.8% of the variance of this variable. Finally, a healthy lifestyle has a direct significant effect on the adolescents’ risky behavior (p≤0.001) and succeeded in explaining 39.4% of the variance of this variable. Therefore, besides enjoying appropriate goodness of fit in this model, the mediation role of a healthy lifestyle was confirmed in the relationship between the mental-affective atmosphere perception of the family as well as the parenting styles and the adolescents’ risky behaviors. According to the mediation role of a healthy lifestyle in the relationship between the variables of the present study, teaching and nurturing a healthy lifestyle should be introduced to the adolescents and this lifestyle model should be promoted and developed through holding appropriate training classes.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Montessori method education on the visual-motor abilities of students with nonverbal learning disorders. For the purpose of this study, 4 first grade male students with nonverbal learning disabilities who were studying at Nabi Akram primary school in Bonab, during the academic year of 2019-2020, were selected based on the bender visual - motor gestalt test. In this research, which is a single-subject design with multi-baselines (ABA), each participant was first carefully observed according to the criteria of nonverbal learning disability and their visual-motor cognitive abilities accurately measured and recorded. Then, during the intervention phase, each participant received the Montessori method education during the 10 sessions for 45 minutes separately. The performance of the participants is also observed in the follow-up sessions. Finally, the data was analyzed by analyzing the visual diagrams, percentage of all non-overlapping data (PAND), calculating the effect size index and recovery percentage. The results of the research showed that the Montessori method education increased the visual-motor abilities of all four participants. As a result, Montessori education can be used as part of empowerment programs for students with nonverbal learning disabilities.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of solution-oriented and emotion-oriented couple therapy on forgiveness, sexual function, and communication beliefs of couples with marital infidelity in Kermanshah. The research method was quasi-experimental and was a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included a couple on the verge of divorce who had the experience of marital infidelity in Kermanshah in 2019. The sample consisted of 36 pairs that were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (12 pairs each). Participants completed questionnaires of forgiveness (FFS) (Ehteshamzadeh et al., 2010), Female Sexual Function (FSFI) (Rosen et al., 2000), Male Sexual Health (MSHQ) (Rosen et al., 2004), and communication ideas (CBQ) (Aidelson & Epstein, 1982) before and after the intervention. The solution-oriented couple therapy and emotion-oriented couple therapy training program was performed for 8 sessions, each session lasting 90 minutes and once a week for the two experimental groups. The group did not receive training. To test the hypotheses, multivariate analysis of covariance with Benferroni post hoc test was used. Findings showed that there is a significant difference between experimental and control groups (P<0.001); In general, there is no significant difference between the two groups. Accordingly, solution-oriented and emotion-oriented couple therapy can be used by therapists as an effective and efficient way to increase forgiveness, sexual function and reduce the couple's dysfunctional beliefs, thus helping to improve marital relationships.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of fluoro time play therapy and neurofeedback therapy along with computer cognitive exercises on impulsivity in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. The present study is quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a group awaiting treatment. The statistical population included children aged 8 to 11 years with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder in Neishabour. The sample size was 45 people who were selected by voluntary sampling method and were randomly divided into three groups of first and second experiment and control. parents answered the Hirschfield et al. (1965) Impulsivity Scale (IS) in the pre-test and post-test. the first experimental group underwent fluoro time play therapy intervention in 12 sessions and the second experimental group underwent neurofeedback therapy intervention in 30 sessions. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that Fluorithime therapy and neurofeedback therapy are effective on impulsivity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (p <0.05). also, the results showed There was a difference between the effectiveness of fluoro time play therapy and neurofeedback therapy on impulsivity in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (p <0.05). Therefore fluoro time play therapy and neurofeedback therapy along with computer cognitive exercises can help reduce the impulsivity of children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.

The present study examines the sexual function of postmenopausal women qualitatively. Menopause is a period of women's life that is accompanied by physical, mental, and sexual changes. Although some physiological and pathological changes in most cases cause problems such as sexual function, the attitude of women to menopause plays an important role in causing or eliminating it. In fact, one of the most important factors for happiness in married life is having a pleasurable sexual relationship that can play a role in maintaining and sustaining cohabitation. Semi-structured interviews were obtained from 14 postmenopausal women, then the following results were inferred by coding them. The sexual function of postmenopausal women can be explained in terms of physical, psychological, relationships, emotions, economic problems, and family issues. Based on the results of the main categories, it seems that emotions, during menopause, have a greater role in sexual function than any other category, and sexual function apparently depends on friendship, mutual understanding, respect, being seen, and appreciated. Sexual function in this period can not only be not disturbed, but also reach maturity and development, and sexual pleasure can be experienced in this period differently from other periods.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness therapy on the cognitive emotion regulation of female adolescents with self-harming behaviors. The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population consisted of all female students studying in the first secondary schools of District 1 of public schools in Tehran in the academic year of 2020-2021. Among them, 60 people were selected using the cluster stage sampling method and were randomly assigned to three equal groups (20 people in each group). The research instrument included the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) (Garnowski et al., 2006) which was performed in three stages before, after, and 2 months after the completion of sessions. Therapeutic interventions for experimental groups were held in 8 sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The results obtained from multivariate analysis of covariance showed that both intervention methods are effective in improving cognitive emotion regulation and its components and their effect lasted over time (P<0.01). Also, the results of the t-test showed that there is no significant difference between the effects of the two methods on cognitive emotion regulation of students with self-harming behaviors, but the effectiveness of mindfulness on cognitive positive and negative emotion regulation strategies was higher.

Attention to spirituality based on organizational purpose and expertise is a new paradigm that enables organizations to respond to changing environmental conditions. The purpose of this study is a qualitative study to present the model of spiritualist organization in the university using Grand theory. Research method in terms of purpose, fundamental; It was qualitative in terms of data type. The statistical population of the study was specialists and professors of educational sciences, management, and theology that 23 people were selected by purposive sampling and theoretical saturation criteria. The data collection tool was an in-depth semi-structured interview. Data analysis was performed by theoretical coding method with Grand theory approach and was analyzed in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The results of the research findings showed that the categories in the form of 18 main categories within the six dimensions of the paradigm model as the central phenomenon of the spiritualist organization (competence, individuality, adaptation, self-awareness, purposefulness, self-belief, spirituality), Causal conditions (organizational management and leadership, organizational commitment, organizational communication, participation), outcome (resilience, personal health, job satisfaction, stress management, social capital promotion, flexibility), contextual conditions (organizational culture, supportive and decentralized structure) ) Are intervening factors and strategies.

The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on five personality factors and impulsivity components in borderline personality disorder. The research method was A-B-A single-subject design. The statistical population included all people with borderline personality disorder who were referred to the outpatient department of Zare Psychiatric Hospital and Mana Sari Clinic during June 2019 From, among them, 3 people were selected by available sampling method and treated for 40 sessions got. Data were collected in three stages of baseline, treatment, and follow-up over 11 months using the Barat BIS Impulsivity Questionnaire (Barat et al., 2004) and the five NEO personality factors (McCreery and Costa, 2004). For statistical analysis, the graph analysis method, stable change, was used. Analysis of the results in the treatment phase was seen in the first person in the agreement variable, in the second person in the variables of agreement, nervousness, total impulsivity score, and in the third person in the variables of cognitive impulsivity, motor impulsivity, and total impulsivity score. In the follow-up phase, changes in impulsive components were seen in the first person, impulsive components in the second person, and impulsive components in the third person in the variables of agreement, nervousness. It can be concluded that treatment based on acceptance and commitment for a period of 10 months can cause significant changes in people with borderline personality, more research is needed to generalize the results of treatment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between emotional intelligence and teamwork performance. A total of 91 flight attendants and 34 pilots (49 women, 76 men) participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete Emotional Intelligence Scale (1997), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2006), and High-Performance Teamwork Scale (2007). For analyzing the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and analysis path are used. The results showed a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and teamwork performance (P<0.05). There were significantly positive and negative relationships between emotional intelligence and adaptive and non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (P<0.05). Adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation were also significantly associated with teamwork performance (P<0.05). The Pathway analysis showed that cognitive emotion regulation strategies have a mediator role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and teamwork performance. Based on the present study results, it can be concluded that high emotional intelligence in individuals in teamwork leads to the use of more adaptive cognitive-emotional regulation and ultimately increases team performance.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on the rumination of women with marital conflicts in Isfahan. The present study was a single-subject design. The statistical population of the study was all women with marital conflict who referred to the Crisis Intervention Center of the Welfare Organization, from which 3 people were selected by convenience sampling. Before the start of the treatment sessions, 2 sessions were held as a baseline for each participant, then the participants underwent Yang schema therapy for 14 sessions. After one month, two follow-up sessions were performed one week apart. The instruments used in this study were Barati and Sanai (MCQ) Marital Conflict Questionnaire (1996), Nolen-Hooksma and Moro (RRS) Ruminant Questionnaire (1991), and Schema Therapy Protocol. For data analysis, visual analysis method, graphs and indicators of trend, stability, percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), and percentage of overlapping data (POD) were used. The results showed that schema therapy was effective on rumination of women with marital conflict. Regarding the rumination variable, except for the second case, in which the result of treatment showed a very good effect (PND = 100%), in the other two treatments, it had a relatively good effect (70%

The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the life story of twins by focusing on how the dependency between them forms and its consequences on various aspects of their lives. For this purpose, an in-depth interview was conducted with a 26-year-old girl cotwin. The data were analyzed using the narrative method. Findings on four themes of "unique relationship", "fusion", "individualization", and "fusion consequences" explained the formation of dependency and fusion in twins, the inability of separation and acquiring individuality, and limitations in relationships with peers. Twins have a unique relationship, they considered their cotwin to be the most important person in their lives. Their close and permanent relationship is so strong that a fusion of identity and personality is formed as a consequence. Separation and differentiation are some of the most important challenges in their lives. Generally, according to this case, it can be said that dependency is one of the most influential issues in the lives of twins. It can cause injuries in various aspects; Therefore, there is a tendency towards individuality found in twins.

The present study was performed to investigate the role of maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and interpersonal cognitive distortion in predicting the tendency to high-risk behaviors in male adolescents. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included all male students of the secondary high schools in Rasht during the academic year 2020-2021. 150 students were selected via convenient sampling method and participated in the research online through social media (Telegram, WhatsApp, and Shad), and responded to risk questionnaires (ZadehMohammadi et al., 2011), cognitive emotion regulation (Hasani, 2010). And interpersonal cognitive distortion (Hamamci et al., 2004); Research data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and interpersonal cognitive distortion have a positive and significant relationship with the tendency to high-risk behavior (P <0.01). The maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and interpersonal cognitive distortion explain 50% of the variance in the tendency to high-risk behavior. Therefore, it can be concluded from the research findings that cognitive and emotional deficits can play an important role in high-risk behaviors.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation in the relationship between coping strategies and high-risk behaviors. The method of research was correlational. The study population consisted of all second-grade high school students who were studying in public schools in Tehran in the academic year of 2020-2021. Among them, 250 people were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling. The instruments of this study included the High-Risk Behavior Questionnaire (Ahmadpour Turkman, 2011), Coping Strategies Questionnaire (WCQ) (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984), and the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gertz and Romer, 2004). Findings obtained from assessing the proposed model by structural equation method using SPSS25 and Smart PLS3 software showed that coping strategies directly and negatively predict high-risk behaviors (P<0.01) and positively predict difficulty in cognitive regulation of emotion in adolescents (P<0.05). However, the direct role of difficulty in regulating emotion and its mediating role in the relationship between coping strategies and high-risk behaviors is not significant. Given the significant role of coping strategies on the difficulty in cognitive regulation of emotion and high-risk behaviors, teachers and counselors can improve emotion regulation and reduce adolescents' high-risk behaviors by examining the coping strategies.

The aim of this study was to determine the number of Internet dependency clusters and then compare different groups in social anxiety and depression. The present study population consisted of undergraduate female dormitory students of Shiraz University. 370 female students were selected using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. For gathering data, of Young internet addiction test (IAT), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and social anxiety Liebowitz questionnaire (LSAS) were utilized. Data were analyzed by cluster analysis and MANOVA. The results of cluster analysis showed three clusters with the mind, moderate and severe degrees of internet addition (P≤ 0/001). Also, significant differences among 3 profiles were found in depression (P≤ 0/001) and social anxiety (P≤0/01). Mild Internet addiction clusters experience the least amount of depression. According to the results, it's necessary to examine internet addiction as a psychological problem and cultural educational and family systems plan to solve this problem.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of participatory learning on academic motivation, procrastination, and academic vitality of high school students in Babol. The method of the present study is quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test and control group and the research population consisted of all first-grade male students of Pourasghar High School in Babol in the academic year 1399-00, From which 60 people (30 people in the experimental group and 30 people in the control group) were selected as a sample. Research tools for collecting data related to each of the variables, Hermans Progress Motivation Questionnaire (A.T.M) (1970), Academic Procrastination Scale (A.P.Q) (Savari, 2011), Academic Vitality Scale (A.V.Q) (Dehghani Zadeh and Chari, 2012), and in the direction Jigsaw method was used to hold participatory learning sessions. The results of analysis of covariance showed that the intervention of the "participatory learning" program in increasing academic motivation (p = 0.001, F = 54.05 (1.58)), reducing academic procrastination (p = 0.001, F=35.41 (1.38) and increase in academic vitality (p = 0.001, F = 41.88 (1.38)). Based on the results, it can be stated that schools by using the participatory learning process can provide the necessary ground to increase the motivation of students' academic achievement and academic vitality, as well as reduce their academic procrastination.