فصلنامه علوم و فناوری نساجی
سال نهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1399)

Starch is a widely used material in the production of green and bio-based polymers. Compounding of starch with synthetic polymers such as polyolefins, polyesters, and polyvinyl alcohol increases their biodegradability. The application of these compounds is in disposable food packaging, textile, medical and health industries, etc. Starch content determining of the starch compounds is one of the important evaluations that should be done with a different standard or analytical ways, to be classified and verified such products. Differents chemical and analytical methods proposed to measure the amount of starch in the starch compounds like phenol sulfuric acid method, calorimetric test, Fourie transform infrared spectroscopy, and an Iranian national standard No. 14000, which it was considered in this research. From the researchers’ results, it can be concluded that the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is the simplest method for this evaluation with moderate accuracy. However, the calorimetric method is the faster method with more accuracy comparing to the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method.

In recent years, a revival interest in the use of natural dyes in textile coloration has been growing. Natural dyes are well compatible with the environment due to their easy degradation. Despite the antiquity and advantages of natural dyes, the use of natural dyes has problems such as the complexity of the dyeing process, limited shades and unsuitable properties of color fastness. To solve the mentioned problems, new natural dyes, different mordants and other effective parameters in dyeing can be used. Chicory (cichorium intybus L) is a plant that is rich of natural dyes. In this research, chicory leaves have been used as a natural dye for dyeing woolen yarns. The effect of dyeing parameters such as dyeing method, mordant type, acid type, dye concentration and dyeing temperature on the shade and the intensity of absorbed dye in wool fibers were investigated. The results indicate that at low dye concentration, by increasing the dying temperature there is no trend in color absorption, but with increasing dye concentration, increasing the temperature has caused more absorption of dye in equilibrium. Also, dyed samples with chicory leaves in the presence of metal mordants have acceptable washing and light fastness.

Ailanthus altissima is a fast growing, deciduous, and exotic invasive tree that is able to germinate and grow in a wide variety of soil and site conditions. In this study, the dyeing ability of woolen yarn with the fruit of Ailanthus altissima tree as a natural dye was evaluated. The effect of different dyeing conditions such as mordant concentrations (0 to 6% Wt.%), dyeing time at boiling temperature (30 to 90 minutes), pH of the dye bath (3 to 8) and the dye concentrations (60 to 200% Wt.%) on color strength of dyed sample were studied. The color characteristics of the dyed yarns and the optimal condition of the dyeing conditions were evaluated based on the maximum color strength. The antibacterial property of Ailanthus altissima tree fruit extract was investigated against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Independent research variables such as dyeing time, pH of dye bath and dye concentration had a significant effect on color strength and using of alum as a mordant in applied amounts (0 to 6% Wt. %) had a little effect on the color strength of dyed samples. The dyed woolen yarn with Ailanthus altissima tree fruit has good washing and light fastness and presented good antimicrobial properties against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in applied concentrations of 12.5% up to 100%.

In this research, silk as a source of protein fibroin, with very good mechanical properties, has been used to prepare hydrogels. For this purpose, 20% fibroin was dissolved in water and calcium chloride was added to accelerate the gelation process. The pH of the liquid was adjusted to 4 with HCl. Then, the solution was sonicated using an ultrasonic apparatus for 3 minutes. Finally, 5% chamomile extract was added to the hydrogel under ultrasonic condition and applied on cotton fabrics. The morphology, chemical structure, and swelling of the specimens, the release rate of the extract and antibacterial properties of the hydrogel were evaluated. SEM images showed the proper coating of cotton with silk hydrogel. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of functional groups in the hydrogel and chamomile extract. The results of swelling showed that the incorporation of hydrogel increased the water absorption of fabrics and there was a slight reduction in water absorption after loading the extract in the hydrogel. Besides, the antibacterial test confirmed the antibacterial properties of the hydrogel against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

In the present study with the aim of innovating in clothing decoration an intelligent optical electronic set was designed and embedded in women's party dresses. In the first part, the appropriate design of cloth was selected on the basis of opinion of electronic and fashion experts among several linear designs considering beauty of cloth, light transmission and possibility of hiding electronic equipments. Then the appropriate fabric in terms of yarn density, thickness, material and color was purchased and designed clothe was sewn. In the third part, electronic circuits including optical sensors and other requirements were designed and built. RGB and LED lamps, electronic board and battery were located in the cloth and connected to each other. In order to make this electronic set smart, a special code was written in such a way that by changing ambient light, the lamps embedded in cloth are activated in red, green, blue and their combination based on the definition of the numerical range for the signal sent from the optical sensor to the processor unit. Results shows that combination of clothing design and other sciences opens a new horizon to designers so that the use of clothes in various fields will change.

In recent years, when air pollution has become more serious, and especially in January 2020, when the emergence of a new virus called Covid 19 caused the death of a large number of people, the production and use of masks increased. Since the outbreak of severe respiratory illness caused by the coronavirus, the use of face masks to control the rapid spread of the epidemic and prevent the transmission of pathogenic viruses has become widespread around the world. Therefore, in these critical situations, it is necessary to observe hygiene and use protective equipment such as masks to protect your health and the health of others. The current Corona epidemic has also brought many economic problems to today's society, so the world is currently facing a shortage of face masks and masks are not available on all days and weeks, which has led to Dangerous events occur especially for medical personnel. As pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and viruses are becoming a serious threat to human health and the environment around the world, and the use of masks to protect against them. It is necessary to find ways to antivirus the mask and reuse it. This article explains the importance of masks, antimicrobial agents for masks and how to evaluate some of the properties of masks, as well as some antimicrobial, antiviral and antiseptic methods of different types of masks and research done in this The context is addressed.