نشریه مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری
پیاپی 30 (بهار 1401)

Nowadays, cities and metropolises are becoming major players in geographical areas instead of countries. The cities compete seriously to show and differentiate themselves as the best choice for prospective tourists, investors, students and businessmen as well as talented people. In today's increasingly competitive world, brands are considered the most valuable assets, and managers and officials in various cities and organizations use their brand popularity index as a factor for success. In this regard, one of the key and initial steps to create a brand for each city is to evaluate the image of the existing city and the factors affecting it. In this step, important dimensions and factors affecting the urban image must be identified and evaluated. It should be noted that in the process of urban branding and recognizing the dimensions of the urban image, the competitive advantage of the city should be considered. Given that, in this research, with a future research approach, the most important drivers of Tabriz Metropolis branding have been identified and possible scenarios have been developed. Based on the results of Mic Mac Software analysis, out of 31 primary factors, 10 factors were identified as key effective drivers. Also, based on the quantitative analysis of Scenario wizard Software, 3 strong scenarios, 16 plausible scenarios and 250 weak scenarios were obtained. Among these three groups of scenarios, the highest validity was related to the first group scenarios, namely the golden scenarios.

Small cities in developing countries are one of the weakest segment in regional development. If development is a tool for the sustainability of areas, to maintain the development chain, it is necessary to pay more attention to the weakest segments. In Iran, including the county of Kermanshah as a political and natural area, small cities have a very weak position compared to large cities. Metropolises have been the focus of economic, social and spatial development plans. This special attention has been focused on large cities in the light of economic growth theories such as the growth pole. In this regard, the present applied research, using a descriptive-analytical method, intends to investigate the balancing role of small cities in the spatial system of the region with an integrated regional development approach. The data has been collected through documentary and field research and multi-criteria decision analysis methods have been used to analyze the data. The results show that most of the economic potential of Kermanshah is concentrated in rural areas. These capabilities have not been used properly due to the lack of small cities that can mediate development between large urban areas and rural areas. Therefore, in this study, the small cities have been identified as one of the main priorities for investment in the development of regions. According to the findings, Qale City has the most investment capacity as the mediator in this district.

The rapid urbanization trend in developing countries has been accompanied with increasing number of crimes. Similar to other developing countries, Iran is in a difficult situation regarding the number of crimes. One of the newest approaches to confront the city safety crisis and study the urban structure is addressing the link between environment and practices, as well as hypotheses and processes through Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) Approach. It seems essential to examine the effect of behavioral patterns of residents (isolation, affinity, tolerance and anonymity) on security as well as the relationship between physical environment features and behavioral characteristics of residents based on CPTED approach in favor of environmental security. The present quantitative research is methodologically in the category of descriptive-exploratory research and tries to investigate the association between physical environment and residents’ behavior to provide determinant factors in designing safe residential environment and using factor analysis model, inferential statistics (using GOF index and F-value), and descriptive statistics to accept or reject research variables. In this regard, Kolmogorov-Smrinov Test has been employed to analyze the data obtained through distributing 384 questionnaires during 2019-2020. Saadi Neighborhood in Sari has been one of the safe places with environmental security, which is unfortunately becoming insecure. The output GOF obtained was 0.64, indicating the high robust fit of the model. Dependent and independent variables of the study were on an average level while behavioral patterns of residents were placed on a high level. The results showed that Saadi Neighborhood inhabitants' behavior component was the main indicator of safety in this neighborhood. All research hypotheses were confirmed and CPTED conceptual models along with challenges in the next generations were presented.

The results of the analysis of the revenue structure of Yasuj Municipality in terms of financial resources and stable and unstable income between 2015-2017 show that the sources of unstable income received by Yasuj Municipality have increased compared to the unstable financial sources and income. Therefore, in 2018 and 2019, unstable financial resources and income received by Yasuj Municipality increased and reached 48.45% and 51.58%, respectively. It can be said that during the years 2017-2019, unsustainable revenues were the main source of supplying Yasuj Municipality finances (equivalent to 41%). Therefore, the main part of revenue generation of Yasuj Municipality was from unstable financial resources and based on construction violations and illegal constructions such as urban construction crimes and compensations, the fine of Article 100 of Municipal Commission, the revenue from the change of uses and also the fine of the roadblock. Also, the results of the research showed that the roadmap and one of the most important strategies for managing the financial costs of Yasuj Municipality is to develop a comprehensive plan and financial vision of Yasuj Municipality

Landscape ecology considers the structural complex of an urban area as a set of ecosystem networks and evaluates and designs the interrelationship between the city and natural processes and the environment that creates it. Such an approach depends on creating a systemic evaluation of the ecological structure of urban areas.  In this research, the ecological networks of the land landscape in the city of Izeh are evaluated. The present applied research is descriptive-analytical and uses library and field studies to collect data.  To achieve the research objectives, 5 indicators with 17 sub-indicators were extracted. To evaluate the ecological networks of the land landscape in Izeh City, Colonial Competition Algorithm (MST minimum coverage tree) was used in Matlab 2016 Software environment and to spatialize the studied indicators in Izeh City, Tracking Analyst Methodwas used. The Network Analyst Tools process was put in ArcGIS Software environment.  The results show that the most part of the landscape of the study area is made up of spots and the least part of the area is made up of water spots. In 1986, area in Izeh City, 42.44% of the total area was allocated to construction zone while2006, this amount reached 49.27% and in 2018, it reached 59.02%. In 1986, 18.54% of the total area of Izeh City was allocated to green space zone while in 2006, this amount reached 14.63% and in 2018, it reached 13.66%. Furthermore, in 1986, 37.56% of the total area was allocated to open spaces and 1.45%, was allocated to water zone. This is while in 2006, these numbers reached 35.12% and 0.98%, respectively, and in 2018, they reached 26.34% and 0.98%, respectively.

The rapid growth of cities around the world occurred at a time when cities were unable to provide services to their rapidly growing urban population, leading to the dispersal of land on the edge of cities, the proliferation of illegal and marginal settlements. Considering the physical development of the city is a basic necessity in urban development programs. In Iran, the rapid physical expansion of cities in the form of unplanned and unbalanced growth for various reasons, including involuntary migration, is one of the main problems of cities, as a result of which the phenomenon of urban sprawl occurs. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the physical-spatial development of Sari. The present applied research is analytical-descriptive. Theoretical data have been prepared through documentary method and experimental data have been prepared through survey method. In preparing the development drivers, the Delphi method has been used. According to the above criteria, 20 experts and specialists of academic and research centers have been selected to participate in the research. In data processing, structural interaction analysis method has been used in MIC MAC Software. Based on the obtained results, the most important factors affecting the growth of Sari spatial form include factors such as inefficient urban management, high quality agricultural land, land price, weakness and non-observance of communication network hierarchy, land and housing transfer policy, as well as being the center of the province and equipped it with superior regional services.

If we classify place identity under the categories of "place as a material environment", "place as a social space", and "place as an experiential and psychological difference of people from space", the present article has tried to explain place identity of street space from a positivist and phenomenological perspective toward its first component, “space as a material environment”, which is in turn the creator of social interaction and spatial cognition, as referred to by Jane Jacobs and Kevin Lynch. In line with this goal, the present research is an attempt to identify the direct and indirect effects of various physical and mental components of place identity on the context of Tabriz Abresan Street space. For this purpose, using the theories of Jane Jacobs and Kevin Lynch, two prominent urban thinkers, first the effect of spatial form on the characteristics of large-scale land uses, diverse and mixed land uses, the characteristics of the urban fabric of the region (population density and Net Residential Density (NRD)), number of building floors, graining of building parcels, possibility of permeability between buildings, ease of access to public space, and proximity was studied according to the characteristics of adjacent uses in street space from the point of view of Jane Jacobs. In addition, the map of people's mental image was drawn according to the point of view of Kevin Lynch and based on the interview conducted with ten informed users of the street space of Abresan Area. To analyze these components in the street space of the Abresan Area of Tabriz, models of Euclidean distance function, neural networks, and spatial statistics in ArcGIS Software environment were used. To draw a mental image map, ten non-specialist users aware of the space were interviewed.  The results showed that considering physical and mental dimensions from the perspective of positivist and phenomenological geography provides the basic basis for a broader qualitative analysis of the causes of attractiveness, high social value in people's minds and the overall identity of street spaces. Basically, to draw the scientific boundaries of geography, knowledge of these matters will provide a strong theoretical basis for the next steps of representing the place identity in public spaces of cities, implying that quantitative geography along with qualitative geography give a more comprehensive analysis of place identity.

One of the most important consequences of the rapid growth of urbanization and physical development of the cities in recent decades has been the disintegrated distribution of urban service centers, paving the way for social inequality in accessing them. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to compare and rank the cities of Mazandaran Province as one of the densest regions of the country, in terms of access to urban services. In this study, using statistical sources of Mazandaran Province and library studies, twenty-two levels of cities of Mazandaran Province were ranked in terms of access to twelve components selected from the urban services. In this regard, the data of the National Statistics Organization and the Organization of Management and Planning of Mazandaran Province have been used to compare the cities to each other after determining their weight using the feature index and Sturgess’ model in VP software. The results show that there is a huge difference between the cities of this province in terms of net output current values of the studied indicators, so that the cities of Miandorood and Amol with -0.7460 and 0.9087, respectively, are the least and the most prosperous cities of Mazandaran in terms of access to the twenty-two components.

Elderly tourism is recognized as an important part of tourism industry in many developed economies. A prerequisite for a tourism region to be able to take advantage of these capacities is to have comprehensive and thorough research in this field. This part of the tourism market needs destinations that provide the necessary facilities in every way for the convenience and comfort of the elderly to grow, promote and attract as many tourists as possible. To achieve this, changes are taking place in the development of tourism destinations for the elderly, which in some cases can be called creativity, resulting in the emergence of creative cities. The purpose of this article is to assess the relationship between the prosperity of silver tourism in creating a creative city. In the section describing the concepts and theoretical foundations, a number of domestic and foreign articles were reviewed and 380 questionnaires were designed to be answered by the citizens of Ramsar. In this research, Smart PLS 3 Software was used to analyze the data. To measure the reliability of the data, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and all the variables had a Cronbach's alpha above 0.7. According to the results of data analysis, the presence of silver tourists in the city of Ramsar improves the indicators of the creative city and has the greatest impact on the quality of life component.

The growing urban population and the resulting challenges as well as the spread of poverty and migration have caused the formation of the phenomenon of marginalization in cities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implemented plan from the perspective of environmental quality and based on the opinion of residents. Indicators and criteria to be measured regarding the environmental quality of this settlement include functional, human, preservation quality, environmental quality and spatial health. Through Cochran's formula, 360 statistical samples have been chosen from the statistical community. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the data was collected through survey method and using questionnaires. To evaluate the significance level of the five criteria and their sub-criteria and analyze the findings in the SPSS Software, Friedman test, one-way Spearman correlation and t-test as well as Mann-Whitney test were used. The results show a direct relationship between functional, human and preservation quality and the environmental quality of the informal settlements. The results also indicated the existence of high-quality commercial services, high communication between the people in the neighborhood and protection of positive and efficient features in the neighborhood had the most priorities. Moreover, in the fields of creating urban planning and architectural spaces, creating and developing recreational and cultural services as well as green space infrastructure must be properly planned.