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Dental Research Journal - Volume:19 Issue: 2, Feb 2022

Dental Research Journal
Volume:19 Issue: 2, Feb 2022

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/12/24
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Maha Jamal Abbas, Firas Saddam Oglah Albaaj, Hashim M. Hussein*, Athraa A. Mahmood Page 11
    Background

    Oral diseases and their impact on health and quality of life have now evolved into a polarized epidemiological state in which their incidence is especially affecting the most vulnerable in the population: the elderly, especially those with low incomes economical. On the other hand, the noticeable increase observed in the proportion of older adults in developing countries such as Iraq during the last decades. Such a high proportion of older adults is causing an increase in their stomatological care needs that necessitate dentists to know precisely both the etiological factors, such as the pathogenesis and factors that determine the specificity of oral disorders at this stage of life. Only with this knowledge will professionals be able to face these patients with a modern dentistry based on prevention. The objective of the study was to show the impact of oral health on the quality of life of older adults in Iraq.

    Materials and Methods

    A cross‑sectional study was conducted in Iraqi adults focused on demographic characteristics factors, lifestyle, the Geriatric Oral Health Index, and Oral Health Diagnosis. Data were evaluated using ratios, the Chi‑square analysis for the correlation among factors and odds ratios to verify statistical significance at P ≤ 0.05.

    Results

    This research confirms the impact of oral health on the quality of life of older adults in Iraq. Endodontic problems compromise the quality of life of older adults.

    Conclusion

    Oral health problems, especially those of traumatic, endodontic, and periodontal origin, negatively affect the quality of life of older adults in Iraq.

    Keywords: Elderly, oral health, population increase, preventive dentistry, quality of life
  • Amanda Nadia Ferreira, Kathleen D’Souza, Meena Aras, Vidya Chitre, Shobha Parsekar, Maria Jose Wiseman Pinto Page 12
    Background

    There is generally a lack of compliance in patients who report with oral candidiasis, as they are advised to temporarily stop wearing the prosthesis and are prescribed topical antifungals which are generally unpleasant to taste and follow a rigorous schedule. Furthermore, with the alarming evidence of drug resistance, there is a need for an enhanced drug and drug delivery system. The aim of the study was to determine the dose‑dependent antifungal efficacy of silver‑zinc zeolite nanoparticles (SZZ‑NPs) when incorporated in two brands of soft denture liners against Candida albicans.

    Materials and Methods

    A total of 72 samples were made to determine the in vitro antifungal efficacy of SZZ‑NPs and fluconazole by measuring the mean inhibition diameter (MID). Two concentrations of SZZ‑NPs were compared (0.5%, 2% w/w) with fluconazole 5%w/w which is routinely prescribed. The antifungals were incorporated in two types of commercially available soft denture liners (Visco gel, GC soft denture liner). The MIDs were measured at day 1, day 7, day 15, and day 30. The values obtained (P < 0.001) were analyzed with one‑way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc, and independent t‑test.

    Results

    A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was noted among all the antifungal agents at all the time intervals tested. The anti‑fungal efficacy of SSZ‑NPs 2% w/w incorporated in GC soft denture liner was significantly superior (P < 0.001) to all groups tested and it retained its antifungal efficacy even on day 30 (MID: 18.33 ± 2.44).

    Conclusion

    SZZ‑NPs 0.5%w/w, 2%w/w, and fluconazole 5%w/w can be incorporated with soft denture liners against C. albicans. Fluconazole 5%w/w is the recommended choice for short‑term antifungal efficacy, while SZZ‑NPs 2%w/w is recommended when long‑term antifungal efficacy is needed. GC soft denture liner was the recommended choice

    Keywords: Candida albicans, drug delivery systems, drug resistance, nanoparticles, zeolites
  • Farnoosh Mohammadi, Samira Derakhshan, Tina Shooshtarizadeh, Shayan Sobhaninejad* Page 13

    Osteoblastoma (OSB) is an uncommon (3% of benign and 1% of all) primary bone neoplasm with extremely rare occurrence in head and neck, especially the maxillary bone region. OSB of the jaw mainly involves the mandible bone. We report a 10‑month‑old male who was admitted to the hospital because of a mass in the right maxillary jaw region. Clinicoradiopathologic features of the patient have been described. The histological examinations revealed OSB of the maxillary bone. Total surgical resection of the tumor was performed with 10 months of follow‑up and there is no evidence of recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of maxillary OSB in an infant.

    Keywords: Bone neoplasm, maxilla, osteoblastoma
  • Mahsa Eskandarinezhad, Mohammad Hossein Soroush Barhaghi, Kimia Allameh, Amirhouman Sadrhaghighi, Katayoun Katebi* Page 14
    Background

    This study aimed to compare the antibacterial effects of calcium hydroxide, curcumin, and Aloe vera as an intracanal medicament on 6‑week‑old Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.

    Materials and Methods

    In this in vitro study, the solution containing E. faecalis ATCC® 29212™ was inserted into the canals of 72 single‑rooted teeth to produce biofilm. The samples were divided into four groups, and the antibacterial agent as an intracanal drug was used for 1 week. Calcium hydroxide, curcumin, and A.vera were used as intracanal medicaments in three groups, respectively, and the fourth group was irrigated with normal saline. The collected debris was cultured by spread plate method for the bacterial count by colony count machine, and the number of bacteria in each sample per ml was reported in colony‑forming unit per ml (CFU/ml). The data were analyzed using SPSS software. KruskalWallis and MannWhitney U‑tests were used for comparison of CFU/ml between the study groups. P <0.05 was considered significant.

    Results

    The mean CFU/ml in the groups of calcium hydroxide, curcumin, and A. vera were 749.44, 630.55, and 1529.16, respectively. Compared with the control group, curcumin, calcium hydroxide, and A. vera showed 99.5%, 99.41%, and 98.79% antimicrobial effects, respectively. All three groups were significantly effective than the control group (P = 0.023, P = 0.023, and P = 0.024, respectively) but were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.057).

    Conclusion

    All three groups showed significant antibacterial activity compared to the control group, curcumin had the most significant effect, followed by calcium hydroxide and A.vera. Therefore, herbal materials can be considered safe alternatives to synthetic medicaments for intracanal usage.

    Keywords: Aloe, biofilms, calcium hydroxide, curcumin, Enterococcus faecalis
  • Nosrat Nourbakhsh, Nasser Kaviani, Reza Salari‑Moghaddam*, Shirin Marzoughi Page 15
    Background

    Remifentanil is a short‑acting synthetic opioid, seems to facilitate hospital discharge, induce less agitation and better recovery quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of remifentanil on the quality of recovery among healthy children who were candidate for dental procedures under general anesthesia.

    Materials and Methods

    This study was a double blind randomized controlled clinical trial on healthy children who referred to the Department of Pediatric dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Both groups were anaesthetized using 5 mg/kg thiopental sodium, 1 μg/kg fentanyl and 0.6 μg/kg atracurium. The first group received propofol to maintain anesthesia and the second group was given remifentanil along with propofol. Then, the time span to regain consciousness, level of agitation during recovery and time of discharge were monitored and compared between the two groups. Data were analyzed using the Mann‑Whitney U‑test, and the Kruskal–Wallis test at P < 0.05 level of significance.

    Results

    Findings showed that the propofol + remifentanil group recovered faster than the propofol group. Chi‑square test showed a significant difference in recovery time between the two groups (P < 0.05). About 45 min after regaining consciousness, the mean pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium score in the propofol group was 4.02 ± 2.19 and was significantly higher than the propofol + remifentanil group (3.02 ± 2.83) (P < 0.05). In addition, the mean Postanesthetic Discharge Scoring System score in the propofol group was 6.04 ± 1.74 and was significantly higher than the propofol + remifentanil group (7.58 ± 2.14) (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion

    Combination of propofol and remifentanil significantly reduced the time taken for recovery, discharge and agitation level compared to propofol.

    Keywords: Child, general anesthesia, propofol, remifentanil
  • Forooz Keshani, Hossein Yousefi, Neda Kargahi* Page 16
    Background

    Since salivary and breast glands are both considered as a tubulo‑acinar, exocrine glands, and they have a common neoplastic morphology, it is not surprising if they share a similar molecular mechanism responsible for their neoplastic transformation. From the first description of estrogen receptor‑α (ER‑α) in salivary tumors, tremendous attentions have been attracted to this receptor for evaluating its impact in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC).

    Materials and Methods

    In this descriptive analytics, 28 samples of MEC (14 high grade and 14 low grade) were collected from the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department of Isfahan Dental School and Isfahan Alzahra Hospital. All of these samples were stained with immunohistochemical technique with ER‑α marker. The expression of the receptor was evaluated by two oral and maxillofacial pathologists. Statistical data were saved at SPSS and had been analyzed by Mann–Whitney U‑ and independent t‑tests (significance level: P ≤ 0.05).

    Results

    The high‑grade MEC was more common in patients with a higher average age (55.9); on the other hand, low‑grade MEC was mostly observed in those with a mean age of 39.2 years. Moreover, high‑grade MEC was more prevalent in men rather than in women. The staining intensity distribution average in high‑grade MEC and low‑grade MEC was 2.4 and 0.8, respectively (P = 0.48).

    Conclusion

    The expression of ER‑α in high‑grade MEC was significantly more than low‑grade MEC, indicating that targeting this receptor alongside surgery could bring more advantages for patients.

    Keywords: Estrogen receptor‑α, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, salivary gland neoplasm
  • Nafiseh Shamloo, Nasim Taghavi, Samane Ahmadi*, Soudeh Shalpoush Page 17
    Background

    Proliferation markers have been used to determine the behavior and prognosis of benign and malignant tumors; this study was aimed to compare the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and novel marker minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) in common salivary gland tumors including pleomorphic adenoma (PA), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), to find a possible significant correlation between benign and malignant tumors.

    Materials and Methods

    In this cross‑sectional study, a total of 90 cases, including 30 PAs, 30 MECs, and 30 AdCCs, were collected.The IHC expressions of PCNA and MCM7 were evaluated.Their expressions were compared with each other and between benign and malignant tumors. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi‑square and Tukey’s test. P value was considered 0.05.

    Results

    Out of 30 cases of PA, 28 cases (93.3%) were PCNA positive and 28 cases (93.3%) were MCM7 positive. In the AdCC cases, 29 cases (96.6%) were PCNA positive and 29 cases (96.6%) were MCM7 positive.In the MEC cases, all cases (100%) were PCNA positive and 23 cases (76.6%) were MCM7 positive.The labeling index (LI) of MCM7 and PCNA was evaluated, and this index was lower in MCM7 LI than PCNA in all tumors.The MCM7 and PCNA expression showed a significant difference in PA and MEC (P < 0.001).

    Conclusion

    PCNA expression was higher than MCM7 expression in salivary gland tumors. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the malignant activity of these tumors with group of markers such as MCM family members.

    Keywords: Adenoid cystic carcinoma, minichromosome maintenance complex component7, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
  • Nasrin Esfahanizadeh, Mostafa Montazeri*, Mohammad Reza Nourani, Mohammad Harandi Page 18
    Background

    This study aimed to evaluate the amount of bone regeneration in critical defects of rabbit calvaria filled with magnesium‑ and strontium‑doped bioactive glasses.

    Materials and Methods

    In this rabbit critical‑size calvarial defects study, 12 male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. On the calvaria of each rabbit, four lesions (two lesions in the frontal bone and two lesions in the peritoneal bone) were created with a diameter of 8 mm spaced apart. Each lesion was filled in with (1) strontium‑doped bioactive glass,(2) magnesium‑doped bioactive glass,(3) 45S5 bioactive glass, and (4) empty lesion (control). Six rabbits were sacrificed at the end of 4 weeks, and six rabbits were randomly sacrificed at the end of 8 weeks. Bone sections with a 5‑µ thickness of rabbit calvary bone were prepared, and the percentage of new bone, connective tissue, and residual material were calculated in microscopic images. Statistical analysis was performed by two‑way ANOVA and Bonferroni additional tests, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05 in all categories.

    Results

    At 4 weeks, magnesium‑doped bioactive glass showed the highest new bone formation with a mean of 11.66 ± 2.64, followed by the strontium‑doped bioactive glass with the mean of 11.10 ± 1.69 (P = 0.0001). While at week 8, the highest amount of new bone observed in the strontium‑doped group with a mean of 28.22 ± 3.19, and then, the magnesium‑doped bioactive glass with a mean of 22.55 ± 3.43 (P = 0.0001).

    Conclusion

    Doping strontium and magnesium in the structure of bioactive glasses increases new bone regeneration in comparison with 45S5 bioactive glass.

    Keywords: Bioactive glass 45S5, bone regeneration, ceramics, magnesium, osteogenesis, strontium
  • Farhad Sobouti, Hoora Hadian, Amir Hosein Pakravan, Zahra Rahimi, Vahid Rakhshan, Sepideh Dadgar* Page 19
    Background

    Because of the importance of the condyle, it is crucial to document all changes in its position after orthognathic surgery. Since previous studies in this regard are mostly controversial and limited by two‑dimensional radiography technique, this study was conducted.

    Materials and Methods

    This prospective clinical trial was performed on 102 measurements (17 patients, 2 condyles each, and 3 time points). Cone‑beam computerized tomography imaging was done for 17 skeletal Class‑III patients (10 females and 7 males, mean age, 24.05 ± 4.78 years) undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, at three time points T0 (before surgery), T1 (immediately after surgery), and T2 (8 months after surgery). Condylar positions were measured. Position changes were evaluated during the course of the study. They were also compared between right/left sides and between men and women. Tests in use were repeated‑measures one‑ and two‑way analysis of variance and paired t‑tests (α =0.05, α =0.017).

    Results

    Alterations in various anatomical condyle parameters over the 8‑month course of the study did not reach the level of significance (P ≥ 0.078). At all intervals, mean anterior‑posterior index (API) remained between −12 and +12 (indicative of central position of the condyle in the glenoid fossa). Between men and women, left superior joint space, left anterior joint space, and left API differed (P ≤ 0.05). Left condyle mean superior joint space and anterior joint space were greater in men compared to women in all the three intervals; left condyle mean API was greater in women compared to men (more posterior in men, P ≤ 0.05).

    Conclusion

    Condyles might not change significantly after 8 months post‑surgery. However, small changes might be observed, and these changes might differ between the left and right sides and between males and females.

    Keywords: Mandibular condyle, orthognathic surgical procedures, sagittal split ramusosteotomy
  • Hossein Pourkhalili, Donya Maleki* Page 20
    Background

    It is unclear which the material is a better choice for post and core rehabilitation systems in endodontically treated teeth. This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of three different postcore systems.

    Materials and Methods

    In this in vitro study, 33 extracted premolars were treated endodontically and divided into three groups, namely (A) the prefabricated fiberglass postcomposite core, (B) the Ni‑Cr cast postcore, and (C) the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) postcore groups. After postcementation, the core was restored with Ni‑Cr crown. By a universal testing machine, the fracture resistance of the posts was assessed. Furthermore, types of fractures were determined with radiography and confirmed objectively by cutting the acryl resin boxes. The data of the fracture resistance were analyzed using the one‑way ANOVA and Tukey test, and the data of the fracture pattern were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test (P < 0.05).

    Results

    The fracture resistance was significantly higher in Group B (Ni‑Cr) than in Group C (PEEK) (P = 0.001) and Group A (fiberglass) (P < 0.001). Moreover, the fracture resistance was higher in Group C (PEEK) than in Group A (fiberglass) but was not statistically significant (P = 0.405). The fracture pattern was different in all the groups based on the types of fracture (P = 0.009) and the repairability of fracture (P = 0.036).

    Conclusion

    The present study showed that the fracture resistance was significantly higher in the Ni‑Cr post than in the fiberglass and PEEK posts. Further, the fracture mode was more repairable in teeth restored with the PEEK post, as compared to the other posts.

    Keywords: Bicuspid, Fiberglass, Polyetheretherketone, post, core technique