International Journal of Behavioral Sciences
Volume:15 Issue: 4, Winter 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between personality traits and prosocial behavior.
This study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all students of the University of Bojnord in 2018. For this purpose, 340 students were selected by cluster random sampling. Participants completed the Prosocial Tendencies Measure, NEO-Five Factor Inventory, and The Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence (SSREI) scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression.
The results showed that 11% and 0.09% of the variance of prosocial tendencies was explained by emotional intelligence and personality traits, respectively. The results also showed that emotional intelligence significantly moderates the relationships between personality traits of neuroticism and agreeableness with prosocial behavior.
Emotional intelligence can reinforce the relationships of personality traits of neuroticism and agreeableness with prosocial behavior.

strengths are positive traits in feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that contribute to good character. Character strengths play a major role in enhancing responsibility in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the character strengths predictive of responsibility in adolescents. The research method was correlation and the statistical population included ninth grade adolescent students. Statistical sample consisting of 417 students (213 girls and 204 boys) were selected by cluster sampling. Students responded to the Values in Action Inventory of Strength Scale of Park and Peterson and Nemati's Responsibility questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple regression method. The results showed that the strengths of perseverance, honesty, kindness, leadership, prudence, self-regulation, gratitude and humor in girls and boys predict responsibility. In addition, curiosity, perspective, zest, love, and appreciation of beauty and excellence in boys also presuppose responsibility (P≤ 0/001). According to the findings of this study it can be stated that some strengths predict responsibility in adolescents which can be considered in strengths’ programs and interventions.

This study is aimed to predict the dimensions of mental health based on spiritual health and emotion regulation strategies during the pandemic of coronavirus in Iran.

The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population included the people of Zanjan city, from which 300 people were selected as the study sample by using the convenience sampling method. Demographic questionnaires, Goldberg General Health (GHQ), Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual Health, and Garnfsky and Craig Cognitive Emotion Regulation were used to collect data. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression method with SPSS-26 software were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that spiritual health, adaptive and maladaptive strategies of emotion regulation predict 34%, 19%, and 43% of mental health changes, respectively.

According to findings, it is required to pay attention to the spiritual dimension and also teaching the use of appropriate emotion strategies regulation in stressful situations to promote the mental health of different people of societies.

Compassion fatigue is a state of exhaustion and dysfunction biologically, psychologically, and socially, resulting from the change in empathetic ability of the caregiver in reaction to the prolonged and overwhelming stress of caregiving.  Hence, this can go deeper among people who work in caring and giving professions like nursing.  The aim of the present study was to examine the association between fear of Coronavirus Diseases-2019 (Covid-19), entrapment and compassion fatigue among nurses.
For this descriptive-correlational study, 107 nurses working in Hospitals (private/public) that provide service to Covid-19 patients were selected using convenience sampling method in 2020. Data were collected using the Fear of Covid-19 scale, Entrapment Scale and Compassion Fatigue Short Scale. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis by IBM SPSS software.
Findings revealed that a positive significant relationship exists between the variables fear of Covid-19, entrapment and compassion fatigue. In addition, fear of Covid-19 and entrapment significantly predicted compassion fatigue.
According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that nurses who have higher levels of fear of Covid-19 and higher sense of entrapment, experience a higher level of compassion fatigue.

Trauma may have psychopathological effects, but also improvements that are considered beneficial (i.e., posttraumatic growth). An influence on people's beliefs is needed for significant progress to occur, and can be calculated by the Core Beliefs Inventory (CBI).
The aim of the present study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the CBI.

In a cross-section study, the Persian version of the CBI was submitted to 211 university students in the year 2021. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), reliability and predictive validity were used for the psychometric properties. For evaluating the predictive validity, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) was used. The SPSS version 21, AMOS version 18 and PLS version 2 were also used to analyze the data.

Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability for CBI were 0.84 and 0.94 respectively. The CFA (RMSEA=0.026, relative Chi–square =1.77, GFI=0.962, AGFI=0.918) showed adequate construct validity of the CBI. More results also showed that the CBI score significantly predicted the of PTGI score (r=0.25, p<0.001) and good convergent validity (AVE=0.61).

The results of the research revealed the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the CBI questioner at a very desirable level, thus making it a valid and reliable instrument in evaluating the core beliefs.

The aim of this study was to compare the performances of facial emotion recognition in patients with Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) with patients with Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) and healthy controls.

The present study was a descriptive (causal- comparative) research in which patients with AD (n=50), patients with FTD (n=46) and healthy controls (n=50) were selected through convenience sampling. By means the Emotion Recognition Task (ERT), we assessed the recognition of facial emotional expression (happiness, anger, disgust, sadness, fear, surprise) across four intensities in these cohorts. Then, the two-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the data.

In the assessment of task, for all emotions (other than happiness), the lowest scores were found in the FTD group. There were no significant differences on the happiness scores between groups. Patients with FTD performed lower than patients with AD and control on the emotions anger, disgust and sadness. Patients with AD had lower anger, disgust and sadness scores than the control group (p<0/001), but in fear and surprise, there were no significant differences between AD and FDT groups. However, they had lower scores in these emotions than the control group (p<0.05).

Our results revealed that emotion recognition deficits in both AD and FTD groups. The assessment of emotion recognition can improve the differential diagnosis of AD from FTD, and lead to better therapeutic interventions.

Somatic Symptoms Disorder (SSD), is one of the psychological issues which is highly influenced by cultural factors. Numerous studies have indicated a high prevalence of SSD in Iran, which may be due to cultural factors that influence interpersonal relations. To address this issue, the aim of this study was to explore interpersonal patterns of Iranian patients with SSD.
A qualitative thematic analysis was performed on data collected from 34 interviews with patients, patient’s relatives and mental health professionals. The sample were recruited throughout a purposeful and theoretical sampling.
Thematic analysis revealed an overarching theme: pseudo relationships. This theme was shaped by two organizing themes: 1- Pretending flawlessness in relationships with two subthemes: (pretending perfection in interpersonal relations and denial of interpersonal problems) and; 2- Relational depth avoidance with two subthemes (development of symptoms to avoid interpersonal expectations, distance and friendship).
From the results of this study, it can be concluded that Iranian SSD patients try to deny their interpersonal problems, avoid deep interpersonal relations and keep their relationships at a superficial level which suggests considerations for treatment.

Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) engages Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients in value-based action and changes the context of anxiety with self-kindness. The aim of the study was to explore the initial feasibility of CFT as a group therapy for OCD. This was a cross-sectional Pre, Post and follow up pilot study conducted in a group of five OCD patients based on purposive sampling. Patients were given group based CFT for 16 sessions. Assessment was done using Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive scale (Y-BOCS,1989), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI,1988), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI,1988), the Cognitive Intrusions Questionnaire (CIQ,1991), Obsessive Belief Questionnaire (OBQ 2005), Fears of Compassion Scale (FCS,2011), Other as Shamer Scale (OAS,1994), Subjective Well Being Scale (SWBS,1985) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI,1976). Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and repeated measure ANOVA with the help of SPSS version 25. Findings showed improvement in OC symptoms, anxiety, depression, avoidance behavior, on importance/ control of obsession thoughts, self-compassion, external shame and global symptom severity. Findings suggests that group-based CFT is feasible and efficacious for testing on a large base of adult male OCD patients.

Coronavirus pandemic and the resulting anxiety threatens the physical and mental health of individuals. This study aimed to compare the health-promoting lifestyle dimensions between two groups of students with severe and mild Coronavirus anxiety.

 Three hundred and Seventy undergraduate students of Arak University participated in this causal-comparative study in the academic year of 2020-2021. The participants were asked to complete two questionnaires of Coronavirus Anxiety and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile. Then, the two groups with mild (N = 37) and severe (N = 37) Coronavirus disease anxiety were selected through the screening and convenience sampling method. Finally, the two groups were compared in terms of health-promoting lifestyle dimensions using multivariate analysis of variance.

The results concerning the analysis of the variance showed that there is a significant difference between the health-promoting lifestyle of the two groups with mild and severe Coronavirus anxiety. In addition, the group with mild Coronavirus anxiety reported higher spiritual growth compared to the group with severe Coronavirus anxiety.

According to the results, it seems that spiritual growth plays a significant role in the management and control of Coronavirus anxiety compared to the other dimensions of health-promoting styles.

Given the importance and position of women in the family, it seems that measures should be taken for their mental health.  Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on depressive symptoms, irrational beliefs and mental psychological well-being of women.

This quasi-experimental study was a pre-test, post-test and follow-up after three months.  The statistical population included women who referred to Mehregan Counseling Center in Mashhad who had referred in 2019.  Among them, 30 women with depressive symptoms were randomly selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group awaiting treatment. The intervention group was performed under eight group sessions for 90 minutes once a week.  To collect data, the Jones Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Reef Psychological Well-Being Scale were used. Repeated measures analysis of variance was utilized to analyze data. 

The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that dialectical behavior therapy is effective in reducing depressive symptoms and irrational beliefs as well as increasing women's psychological well-being (p<0.05).

Therefore, dialectical behavior therapy can be effective in reducing depression, irrational beliefs and increasing women's psychological well-being. It is suggested that by using these variables by medical centers, other relevant organs and organizations, an effective step can be taken to improve the mental health status of women.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotional self-regulation strategies and regular desensitization on the pain level of adults referring to dentistry.

The population included 60 adults referring to a dentistry- who were selected using the purposeful sampling method and were classified into three groups including group 1, emotional self-regulation strategy (n=20), group 2, regulation desensitization (n=20), and group 3, control group (n=20). Data were collected using a pain questionnaire (FPQ-III). Experimental groups received eight sessions, each with 90 min emotional self-regulation strategies and regular desensitization instruction. The control group received no intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23, a multivariate covariance test.

Results showed that emotional self-regulation and regular desensitization have an impact on pain levels of adults referring to dentistry. However, there was no significant difference between the impact of emotional self-regulation and regular desensitization on the pain level of adults who had visited the studied dentistry.

Emotional self-regulation strategies and regular desensitization affected the pain level of adults who had referred to the studied dentistry.

The term Executive Functions (EFs) are higher-order cognitive processes that control behavior, emotion, and cognition. Neuropsychological evidence suggests that executive processing is intimately connected with the intact function of the frontal cortices.  Executive dysfunction has been associated with a range of disorders, and is generally attributed to structural or functional frontal pathology. Besides, genetic influences tend to explain most of the phenotypic correlations between common EFs and other cognitive and clinical constructs throughout the life span. This systematic review provides an overview of the EFs and associated components of EFs with inferences from brain, behavior and genetics. Electronic databases were searched for this study. A total of 53 articles met the inclusion criteria (published between 2019 and 2021) and were reviewed. Recent advances in neuroimaging technologies have allowed ever more detailed studies of the human brain. The combination of neuroimaging techniques with genetics may provide a more sensitive measure of the influence of genetic variants on cognitive function than behavioral measures alone. These studies demonstrate that EFs are associated with a range of pathologies, collection of cognitive abilities and development of behavioral skills, and based on these results, professionals should consider the role of EFs in interventions.