مجله پژوهشهای گیاهی (زیست شناسی ایران)
سال سی و چهارم شماره 4 (زمستان 1400)

Zataria multiflora is medicinal plant with a wide range of biological properties due to having phenolic and terpenoid compounds. Induction of secondary metabolites in plant cell culture systems by elicitors is one of the most important strategies to improve the production of medicinal metabolites. In the present study, a cell line was established from Z. multiflora in B5 medium and the effects of salicylic acid at 90, 180 and 360 µM on suspension-cultured cells was evaluated for 3 days in their logarithmic growth phase. The activity of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway and antioxidant enzymes, the level of regulatory molecules hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) and also the amount of phenolic compounds were determined by spectroscopy and HPLC techniques. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) and also H2O2 and NO content increased in different concentration of elicitor. Salicylic acid at 90 and 180 µM concentrations significantly enhanced the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), about 1.2 fold, tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), 1.3 - 1.4 fold and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), 1.5 - 1.7 fold as well as total contents of phenol (5.79 and 4.38 mg g-1 FW) compared to control, respectively. In addition, the production of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, benzoic acid, epicatechin and syringic acid were induced in Z. multiflora at different concentrations of salicylic acid. This study indicates that Z. multiflora cell suspension culture combined with optimal concentrations of salicylic acid could be a useful and efficient system for sustainable production of valuable secondary metabolites.

This investigation was designed to study the effect of heavy metal pollution of soil around the BidBoland 1 gas refinery site on morphological and biochemical characteristics of mung bean. A pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The soil sampling was carried out at three stations in about 500, 1000 and 1500 m away from Bidboland gas refinery site. The control soil from a farm away from refinery site. Soil analysis indicated that the soil around the refinery site was contaminated with cadmium, chromium, lead, vanadium, mercury and arsenic, which their contents reduced by increasing the distance from the refinery site. The mung bean seeds were cultured in control soil and three levels of contaminated soil with heavy elements. The results showed significant changes in plant growth and photosynthetic traits of mung bean plants in response to heavy metal pollution of soil. Soil contamination with heavy metals significantly reduced the amount of chlorophylls a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, photosynthesis, chemical quantum function of photosystems (PIABS), intercellular CO2, transpiration, and water use efficiency. The highest and lowest reduction in photosynthetic parameters was observed in the soil collected from distances of 500 and 1500 meters to the refinery, respectively, as compared to the control soil. Heavy metal pollution increased the proline content. Based on the results of present study and the danger of heavy metals pollution on mung bean growth and photosynthesis, it is suggested to avoid cultivation of crops around the gas refinery site.

Achillea millefolium L. from Asteraceae family has valuable medicinal properties. Nowadays, nanotechnology plays a very important role in various scientific fields. Magnesium nanoparticles, like other bio-synthesized nanoparticles, has several properties which can cause positive or negative changes in the morphological and physiological characteristics of the plant which lead to an increase or decrease in their medicinal properties. In this study, in order to evaluate the effect of Magnesium dioxide nanoparticles spraying and time of spraying on morph physiological characters of Achillea millefolium L, an experiment was designed as split factorial based on a complete randomized block design with four replications in two years in Malard, Safadasht. Irrigation as the main plot at two levels such on: Irrigation every 7 days (control) and irrigation every 14 days, and Four stages of spraying (tilling, stem elongation, before flowering and after flowering) and application of different concentrations of Magnesium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 1, 3, and 5%) were factorial in sub-plots. Leaf area every month measured by leaf area meter to calculate CGR and NAR growth indices. Sampling was performed to measure traits such as relative water content (RWC) for each treatment 72 hours after the third stage of foliar application. At flowering time, plant height, flower dry weight and pedicel dry weight were measured. In general, it is concluded that by increasing the concentration of magnesium dioxide, the adverse effects of drought stress are reduced however, the tendency for nanoparticles to condense at higher concentrations appears to suppress their true effects.

Structure and developmental events of reproductive organs and seed in Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (Fabaceae), were investigated for the first time using bright field microscopy with different staining techniques. The pedunculate ovary of this plant has long trichomas and one ovule. The mature ovule is anatropous, crassinucellar and bitegumic with zigzag micropyle. Meiosis of megasporocytes results in a T-shaped tetrad. In Onobrychis viciifolia embryo sac is the type of Polygonum. The polar nuclei are close to the egg apparatus and the fusion of them is very soon and before fertilization. The seed coat consists of cuticle, macrosclereid and osteosclereids that parenchyma layer with starch grain accumulation is under it. At the hill pole, the double palisade layer, tracheid bar and subhilar parenchyma are visible. Anther development starts when the flowers are very small. The anthers are tetrasporangiate and their wall development follows the dicotyledonous type and consists of four layers: epidermis, endothecium, one middle layer and uninucleate secretory tapetum. Microspore development is simultaneous in sporangia of an anther. Mature pollen grains are ellipsoidal and two-celled. Fibrous thickenings are developed in the endothecium when shed. The embryological characters studied in this plant have similarities and differences with other studied species of this genus and family. The study of these characters has led to the development of developmental science and increased information in the field of embryology of this plant and can be useful in the field of comparative studies

Drought stress during seed germination of most plants disrupts many physiological processes and ultimately prevents root emergence and reduced germination percentage. In this regard, the effect of osom-priming with different concentrations of polyethylene glycol on the germination characteristics of Allium L. seeds of seven species, including A. cristophii Trautv., A. giganteum Regel, A. longisepalum Bertol, A. pseudobodeanum R.M. Fritsch & Matin, A. stipitatum Boiss., M.B. A. rubellum, M.POP. & Vved. A. vavilovii, in the case of drought stress, was investigated as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental treatments included priming with different concentrations of polyethylene glycol 6000 (-0.6, -0.9, -1.2 MPa and control) in 5ºC. The results showed that with increasing the concentration of polyethylene glycol, germination indicators increased. The most effective concentrations of polyethylene glycol to improve germination and viability of seedlings were A. pseudobodeanum, A. vavilovii, A. cristophii, A. stipitatum, -1.2MPa, in A. giganteum, -0.9Mpa. However, in two species, A. rubellum and A. longisepalum, control treatment showed the best germination characteristics. The results of cluster analysis of seven species of Allium were divided into five groups. A. pseudobodeanum so that the greatest improvement in germination and viability at high concentrations of polyethylene glycol was separated from other species. Due to the fact that these species are of great agricultural, medicinal and ornamental value, they can be used optimally by modifying and creating suitable varieties.

 The study area, with 5000 hectares is located in northwestern of the city of Hashtpar, Talesh, Gilan and between 1000-1700 m a.s.l. Based on floristic studies from 1393 through 1394, 177 vascular plant species were identified belonging to 119 genera and 56 families. The Dicots with 131 taxa were the richest group of flora followed by monocots with 33 taxa, and Monilophytes with 13 taxa. Our research showed dominant life forms include Geophytes (36%), followed by Hemicryptophytes (30%). From the chorological point of view, we determined that the largest proportion of the flora belongs to the Euro-Siberian elements (27.5%) followed by Euro-Sibirian / Irano-Turanian elements (20%), Pluriregional (19.3%), Euro-Sibirian/ Mediterranean/ Irano-Turanian (15.7%), Euro-Sibirian/ Mediterranean (9.6%), Cosmopolitan (7.5%) and Irano-Turanian/ Mediterranean (1.3%). Also Lilium ledebourii a rare flower is reported in these forest areas which was from a new locality in North Iran, indicating the old Tertiary history of this forest.

Vegetation distribution modeling, as a tool that uses statistical methods and GIS, plays an important role in examining the complex relationships between plant community distribution and influential environmental variables. These models are based on data on the presence and absence of species and their correlation with environmental variables and on the hypothesis that environmental factors control the distribution of plant species. One of the objectives of this study was to present a model for predicting the habitat distribution of plant species and to prepare a map for predicting their relative distribution by the logistic regression method. In this study, random sampling method was used to sample vegetation and soil in Molla Fahleh watershed area of Firoozabad, Fars province,. At each sampling point, 4 soil samples were taken from two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm. Soil physical and chemical parameters along with physiographic factors (slope, slope direction and elevation) were recorded for each sample. Habitat distribution modeling was performed by logistic regression method using SPSS software for major plant species in the region. According to the results, soil texture, organic matter, clay content, lime content, acidity, slope and height have the underlying role in the distribution of the studied species. The results show that the logistic regression method is able to provide an accurate prediction model most of the plant species in the area.

This research was conducted to investigate effects of salinity on seed germination and evaluate experimental models for determination of salt tolerance threshold under laboratory conditions. Seeds of five fenugreek ecotypes (hendi, Ardestani, Isfahani, Neyrizi, Mashhadi) were placed in petri dishes and after adding of water (control, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27dS/m) were transferred in a germinator. The statistical design was completely randomized as factorial experiment with three replications. Results showed that increasing salinity upto 6dS/m had no effect on germination, however, higher salinities, the germination was decreased. Salinity at 24 and 27 dS/m reduced seed germination percentage by 29.8% and 80.81%, respectively. seed germination rate gradually decreased with increasing in salinity. This reduction was not significant for Ardestani and Neyrizi up to 3 dS/m and for Isfahani, Hendi and Mashhadi up to 6 dS/m. Results showed that low salinity levels increased seedling length, root length, shoot length and seed vigor index, whereas their high levels had an inhibitory effect. According to the linear model, the mean salt tolerance threshold of fenugreek was obtained 21.83 dS/m, with a reduction slope of 17.09%. Although Isfahani ecotype had a lower salt tolerance threshold (20.32 dS/m), it had the lowest reduction slope (10.37%), as well. Non-linear models also showed that the highest salinity in which seeds were germinated by 50% (25.81 dS/m), was obtained from Isfahani ecotype. Therefore, based on these results and the salt tolerance index, Isfahani ecotype can be introduced as the most tolerant one to salinity stress.

To study the shoot multiplication and to measure some biochemical parameters of Stevia under elicitors via in vitro condition, two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Accordingly, in the first experiment, the effects of two cytokinins, Kin and BAP, at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mg/L concentrations to pick the optimal concentration as shoot multiplication protocol and then the effect of chitosan (CH), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and yeast extract (YE) at 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/L concentrations on plant growth and biochemical parameters of Stevia plant under in vitro culture was investigated as a second experiment. The primary experiment showed 2 mg/L BAP was the best regulator for shoot multiplication, therefore, supplemented with MS medium. The effect of various concentrations of elicitors showed a significant increase in shoot length and number. The highest amount of shoot length and number were observed in CH 200 mg/L, which showed a significant increase (70 and 95% respectively) compared to control plants. The effect of elicitors on biochemical parameters except for carbohydrates showed no effect compared to control. So that the water content and chlorophyll, showed more reduction with increasing doses of elicitors. The content of total carbohydrate was significantly increased by Chitosan 200, Methyl jasmonate 100 and Yeast extract 50 mg /L with relative to control. Overall, it was found that this research could be used as a proper protocol for mass production of Stevia rebaudiana as an economically valuable plant in tissue culture conditions.

The Lathyrus genus is important due to forage consumption, nitrogen fixation, soil conservation, ornamentation, cultivation as green manure and its medicinal properties. Three species of Lathyrus were selected from northwestern regions of Iran and the properties of chromosomes were studied in L. cicera, L. incurvus and L. pratensis. Of these, karyotypes of L. incurvus and L. pratensis were analyzed for the first time. Five metaphysical plates were assessed in each species. The results showed that all the three species had diploid chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 14. Total lengths of haploid chromosome in L. cicera, L. incurvus and L. pratensis were respectively as 7.60, 6.16 and 6.30 micrometer. The karyotype formula of L. cicera was 5m+2sm while karyotype formula of L. incurvus and L. pratensis was 1m+6sm. All species showed relatively symmetrical karyotype and were included in 2A classification of Stebbins. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference in short arm length and total chromosome length at 1% significance level. Duncan test results showed that L. cicera had the longest total chromosome length at 5% significance level. Cluster analysis classified the species into two clusters; a) L. cicera (an annual species) and b) L. incurvus and L. pratensis (perennial species). The hybrids of these two species can be used in Lathyrus breeding programs.

In the present study, the possible regulatory role of sodium nitroprusside in mitigating oxidative stress in wheat seedlings exposed to arsenic (As) was investigated. 20-day-old seedlings were treated with As (0, 25 and 50 µM) and NO donor (0, 50 and 100 µM sodium nitroprusside) and hydroponically grown for 20 days. As treatment reduced the relative water content and chlorophyll content and increased proline content. Arsenic (50 µM) also increased the contents of malondialdehyde (173%), hydrogen peroxide (194%), reduced glutathione (GSH, 89%) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG, 138%), while decreased ascorbic acid (41%) and the ratio of GSH/GSSG (21%) compared to control. Increasing As concentrations enhanced the activity of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes. Dehydro-azosporbate reductase and glyoxalase I activity decreased at both levels of arsenic, while glutathione peroxidase and glyoxalase II decreased only under 50 μm As. The activities of dehydroascorbate reductase and glyoxalase I decreased at any levels of As, while glutathione peroxidase and glyoxalase II activities decreased only upon 50 μm of As. The SNP treatment increased the RWC, chl and proline contents; AsA and GSH contents and the GSH/GSSG ratio as well as the activities of MDHAR, DHAR, GR, GPX, CAT, Gly I and Gly II in the seedlings subjected to As stress. These results suggest that the application of SNP rendered the plants more tolerant to As-induced oxidative damage by enhancing their antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system, which ultimately improved plant growth.

In this research, the amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were measured in waste obtained during producing of essential oil and rose water process and compared this compounds with methanolic extract of petals which are the main source of these compounds. 24 populations of Damask rose were collected from 11 cities in both East and West Azerbaijan provinces. Extracting essential oil and rose water were done in each of samples and finally, all wastes were sampled and methanolic extract of petals were obtained based on usual way. Total phenol of samples was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method and total amount of flavonoid was determined by Aluminum chloride colorimeter method. The antioxidant activity of samples was also measured in two way, 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Iron reduction. The obtained results in all measured factors were significant (p> 0.01). The obtained values of total phenol showed that the wastes can be used to extract of 44.5% of total phenol that extracted by methanolic extraction. In total flavonoid, obtained values of wastes showed that about 92% of total flavonoid in methanolic extract can be extracted from wastes. The measured antioxidant activity also showed that waste samples had the activity range of 0.14-1.30 mmol Fe++ /g DW in iron reduce method; in DPPH they also inactivated 17 to 71% free radicals. According to the results of this research, waste of essential oil and rose water producing can be used as a suitable and cheap resource to obtain natural antioxidants.

The experiment carried out as a factorial in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Factors included hormone salicylic acid in five levels (0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 ppm) and Jasmonic acid at three levels (0, 1 and 2 ppm). Results revealed that there is a significant interaction between the two hormones on the all traits except plant height, number of lateral branches and flower diameter. The number of seeds per flower rose dramatically compared to other treatments when the concentration of acetylsalicylic acid increased to 50 milligrams per liter. In contrast the number of seeds per flower declined when the concentration of Jasmonic acid increased. Therefore, the maximum number of seeds per flower was obtained in second level of both acetylsalicylic and Jasmonic acid. Moreover, the lowest number of seeds per flower was gained in the highest concentration of acid Jasmonic and the zero level of acetylsalicylic acid. The highest yield was obtained in the second level of both hormones. Increase in the concentration of both hormones simultaneously resulted in significant decline in grain yield and, therefore, the lowest seed yield was obtained in third level of both hormones. Regarding to grain weight, it increased with growth in concentration of both hormones except third level of hormones and maximum amount of grain weight was obtained in second level of acetylsalicylic acid and third level of Jasmonic acid. Furthermore, the lowest grain weight was gained in the second level of both hormones.

Persian leek is a cross-pollinate and heterozygote plant due to protandrous behavior. For implementation of Persian leek breeding programs, somatic embryogenesis can be used to accelerate the hybrid production process. The present study was carried out with the aim of studying of callogenesis and indirect somatic embryogenesis of Persian leek explants under in vitro conditions. For this purpose, Persian leek seeds were planted in 1/2MS semi-solid medium and the seedlings were planted directly, as well as one-centimeter pieces of leaves and roots cultured onto B5 and NL liquid media. In order to induction of callus and somatic embryo, the indole acetic acid and 2,4-D were used in three concentrations of 0, 1 and 2 mg/l. The results revealed that the callus was not formed in leaf explants, and a small amount of callus was formed in the root explants. However, embryonic callus appeared directly in 100% seedlings after two weeks. Calli were yellow and compact with have a friable texture and spherical structure. The highest embryonic callus was formed in B5 medium containing 2mg/l 2,4-D, which somatic embryos were observed after eight weeks subculture in realization. In non-auxin media as well as in NL medium, somatic embryo was not formed. Growth of the roots was increased after subculture the embryos onto B5 medium with 1 mg/l 2,4-D and 2 mg/l kinetin. As a general conclusion, callus formation and somatic embryogenesis of Persian leek were carried out in liquid B5 containing 2mg/L 2,4-D. Seedling had the highest percentage of embryonic callus.

Genetic diversity of 13 different genotypes of sainfoin (Onbrychis sativa) was evaluated using cytogenetic and morphological characteristics. In the cytogenetic study, according to the analysis of variance table, there was a significant difference between genotypes based on karyotypic traits. In order to determine the karyotypic symmetry of the genotypes, the statistics of the coefficient of change (CV) and the percentage of the total form (T.F%) were calculated. The results showed that Alborz-18 genotype has the most symmetrical karyotype and Bonab-20247 genotype has the most asymmetric karyotype. Using karyotypic data, cluster analysis was performed, which resulted in the genotypes being divided into three groups.In the field study, morphological traits such as height, number of main stems, number of sub-stems, wet and dry weight, flowering time were measured. The test was performed as a split plot over time in the form of a randomized complete block design with three folds and two replications. The results of the analysis of variance table showed that there was a significant difference between the interaction of china and genotype only in the number of sub-stems. Analysis of clusters for agricultural traits showed that genotypes were divided into three groups. The results showed that the Bijar-6424 genotype had the highest genetic distance based on morphological traits, especially yield and cytogenetic parameters, compared to other genotypes, which can be used in experimental cross-correction experiments to transfer effective traits.

The Glycyrrhiza glabra plant is a medicinal plant and it is used in pharmaceutical industries due to some compounds such as glycerolysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different treatments on different germination indices of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. species under laboratory conditions. Boiling water treatments, seed storage in heat and cold, non-treated (control) and culture in soil with 5 replications were applied on sweet seeds of expression. During different days, the number of germinated seeds was counted to a constant. Results showed that there were in Root, Shoot and Plant Length; Germination Percent; Germination Speed; Mean Germination Time and Allometric Coefficient. Results in the soil showed that the Root, Shoot and Plant Length were the highest, Allometric Coefficient and Germination Percentage has the lowest , Allometric Coefficient determined that stem and root growth in soil are in equilibrium. In maintenance treatment in boiling water, Germination Percent; Germination Speed and Allometric Coefficient had the highest amount, Mean Germination Time has the lowest. The results of boiling Treatment indicated that more than 40% of seeds germinated and were ranked first compare to other treatments. Treatments in freezer and oven heating compared to control treatment did not affect the rate of seed germination characteristics. Therefore, in general, it can be said that the presence of soil has led to better rooting and plant growth than other treatments, and the treatment of water-boiling water for five minutes by softening the shell can improve the Performance of seed germination characteristics.

820 km north of the Persian Gulf is often rocky, coral and sedimentary, suitable for deploying diverse groups of marine plants, including microalgae, macroalgae and Tracheophyta and is adjacent to 7 out of the total 10 counties in Bushehr province. The Marin plants are economically important not only as feed and fodder, but also are medicinally, industrially and pharmaceutically important. Sampling of coastal marine plants, from the vegetative to reproductive stages, was carried out for five years and seasonally. The collected samples of seagrasses and seaweeds were preserve in a 4% Formalin-seawater solution in glass containers and from the rest of the collected samples was made dry herbarium specimens. Identification of vascular plants, microalgae and macroalgae was done based on morphological (vegetative and reproductive) characters using different sources. In this study, a total of 45 families of marine plants were identified. The identified samples included 40 macroalgae families with 146 species of 71 genus, 2 microalgae families with 4 species of 4 genus and 3 families belonging to vascular plants (tracheophyta) with 3 species and 3 genus. Among the identified macroalgae, green macroalgae with 34 species had the lowest and red macroalgae with 73 species had the highest species richness. Maximum and minimum species diversity belonged to Sargaceae family with 23 species and Cladophoraceae family with 12 species. Overall, the aim of this project was to study marine floristic and coherent reference writing of marine plants grown on the tidal zones of Bushehr province coasts.

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and biochemical responses of Pear (Pyrus communis cv. Dargazi) to salinity created by NaCl and CaCl2. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design wth 9 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments were included control, 40 mM NaCl + 5 mM CaCl2, 40 mM NaCl + 10 mM CaCl2, 80 NaCl + 5 mM CaCl2, 80 mM NaCl + 10 mM CaCl2, 120 NaCl + 5 mM CaCl2 , 120 mM NaCl + 10mM CaCl2, 160 mM NaCl + 5 mM CaCl2, 120 mM NaCl + 10 mM CaCl2 which added to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Shoots were grown in vitro for 8 weeks. Growth parameters such as fresh and dry weight shoot length , leaf numbers and biochemical parameters like protein content, catalase activity, proline and soluble sugar were studied. Salt stress decreased fresh and dry weight significantly. The highest dry weight was observed in 40 mM NaCl + 5 mM CaCl2 treatment that mean the Ca role in decreasing destructive salinity effect. Catalase activity was not affected by salinity. Proline, protein and soluble sugars were affected by salinity. The dry weight, protein, proline and soluble sugars contents in NaCl + 5 mM CaCl2 treatment were more than NaCl + 10 mM CaCl2. The highest proline concentration was obtained in 160 mM NaCl + 5 mM CaCl2. The highest soluble sugars concentration was observed in 120 mM NaCl + 5 mM CaCl2.

One of the evaluation steps in the safety of transgenic crops is the potential for allergenicity. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the allergenicity of the produced proteins of transgenic organisms using bioinformatics analysis before anything else. In this study, three allergen databases (Allergenonline, SDAP and Allermatch) were used to evaluate the bioinformatics of six important proteins of transgenic products. Query sequences were analyzed for survey of allergen sequences by full FASTA and 80 amino acids with more than 50% and 35% similarity in allergen databases, respectively. Among the studied proteins, Chitinase and PRP (pathogenesis-related proteins) showed high homology with allergen proteins, that these proteins have plant origin and are naturally and are consumed by humans. In contrast, growth hormone protein (Growth Hormone-1), Cry1AC (resistant to insect pest), CspB (drought tolerance protein) and (Rpi-vnt1.2) has not shown any homology to allergenic proteins. The results showed that the evaluation of allergenicity and other analysis (study of total proteins) before commercialization of these products seems necessary to confirm the safety of transgenic products.

The main basis of ecological research is the accurate identification of vegetation. Because it is an effective factor in measuring and evaluating the current situation and predicting the future situation of the region and will play an important role in proper and scientific management. For this purpose, in this study, the flora, life form and chorothype of plants in Bardkal watershed located in the northwest of Shiraz were introduced. The results showed 127 plant species which belong to 34 families and 102 genera. There are species in this watershed. The largest families Asteraceae with 24 species, Fabaceae with 17 species and Poaceae with 15 species, are in the first to third ranks, respectively. In terms of life form, 48 species of Therophytes, 34 species of Hemichryptophytes, 18 species of Camophytes, 14 species of Geophytes and 13 species of Phanerophytes were identified. The results of Chorothype plants in this watershed also showed that 122 plant species, which is equivalent to 96.07% of the total species, are located in a single-zone or multi-zone in the Iran-o-Turanian region.