فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 78، بهار 1401)

Diabetes is one of the metabolic disorders that leads to various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and thyme honey on Pdx1 gene expression and insulin resistance index among type 2 diabetic male rats.

Totally, 36 rats became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of strepotozocin after 20 weeks of high-fat diet. The rats were divided into four groups: control, HIIT, honey, HIIT+honey. Eight weeks of HIIT, five sessions per week was performed. Thyme honey at a dose of 3g/Kg/day was gavaged. Glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index, and Pdx1 gene expression were measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni’s tests.

Our results showed that glucose and insulin resistance index decreased in the HIIT+honey group compared to the control group (p=0.001). There was a significant increase in insulin (p=0.001) and a significant decrease in Pdx1 gene expression (p=0.0001) in all experimental groups compared to the control group.

HIIT and thyme honey had an effect on reducing glucose and insulin resistance index. In addition, HIIT and honey reduced the expression of Pdx1 gene in pancreatic tissue.

Diabetes can have significant psychological effects on health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on cognitive fusion and health locus of control of type 2 diabetic patients.

The present study was a quasi-experimental design of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. From the statistical population of the study, which included all patients with type 2 diabetes referred to diabetes Clinic of Dey Hospital in Tehran in the second six months of 2020, a sample of 30 people were randomly selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Initially, cognitive fusion questionnaires and health control centers were administered in both groups. The experimental group then underwent 8 sessions of 90-minute group therapy based on acceptance and commitment of Hayes et al. but the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and analysis of variance with repeated measures between groups at the significance level of α = 0.05.

The results showed that acceptance and commitment to group therapy led to a reduction in cognitive fusion and improved health Locus of control for type 2 diabetic patients (P <0.05).

Acceptance and commitment group therapy can help improve the psychological symptoms of diabetic patients and reduce the psychological consequences of diabetes.

Previous research has shown that one of the factors associated with type II diabetes and insulin resistance is impaired iron metabolism; also, one of the elemental keys in type II diabetes is regular exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of moderate intensity body pump training on iron-related indices in women with type II diabetes.

In the present quasi-experimental study, 20 women with type II diabetes were randomly selected and divided into two groups of training and control. Exercises were performed for 12 weeks, three training sessions per week and each training session included 40-80 minutes of body Pump training with an intensity of 55-60% of heart rate reserve. Fasting blood sampling was performed 48 hours before and after the intervention period. For statistical analysis, dependent and independent t-tests were used at a significance level of p≤0.05.

The results showed that body pump training significantly reduced glycosylated hemoglobin (p=0.014), insulin resistance (p<0.001), red blood cell count (p=0.020), and serum iron (p=0.017) compared to the control group.

Body pump exercises may control blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes by modulating iron stores.

Early detection of diabetic retinopathy in the military forces can prevent their performance reduction or avoid the occurrence of operational errors. So an automated and optimal method to diagnose the degree of disease from retinal images is valuable in the prevention of acute phases. The purpose of this article is to present a new method in determining of proliferation based on the deep generative adversarial networks models (GANs).

In this study, which was conducted in 2018-2019, a new method was used to classify 35,126 medical images on the data set available from the Kagel site related to a hospital in the UK. To create a balance between levels, first with the help of a deep GAN, the number of small classes was increased, then using a designed classifier, the degree of disease was determined in different ways.

Using the designed GAN, an accuracy of about 87% was obtained for classification, which was about 7% more than the best similar works. In addition, with the distribution of the model, the efficiency of automation also showed an improvement of 60%.

By solving the problem of imbalance between different levels of retinopathy, by producing new images using the designed GAN and distributing the mentioned operations, while increasing the performance, optimal accuracy has been obtained. Therefore, this new strategy can be used to automate the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy.

Current diabetes treatments are based on blood glucose level monitoring. However, it is necessary to design another non-invasive reliable diagnostic method. In current study, we aimed to determine the relation between fasting blood sugar (FBS) and fasting salivary glucose.

In this case-control study, 30 diabetic patients (case) and 30 non diabetic individuals (control) referred to a military hospital in 2019 were studied. The correlation between FBS and fasting salivary glucose was evaluated with Pearson test.

The mean age of participants in control and case group was 55.4±2.8 and 63.7±2 years old, respectively. The mean FBS was 100.5±3.3 and 149.2±3.8 mg/dL in controls and cases, respectively, which were significantly different from each other (p<0.001). The mean fasting salivary glucose in the control group and the case group
was 0.8±0.14 and 1.59±0.35 mg/dL, respectively, which was significant different in the two groups (p=0.038). Pearson analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between FBS and fasting salivary glucose (r=0.265, p=0.042).

Fasting salivary glucose can be used as a noninvasive tool to control blood glucose in diabetics.

Patients with diabetes often suffer from psychological distress (symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety) that causes malfunctions and impairments in their performance and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on resilience of women with type 2 diabetes.

This study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with two intervention and control groups. From women with diabetes who referred to a laboratory in Tehran, after an exclusive interview with a clinical psychologist, 27 subjects were selected by convenience sampling and then randomly divided into two groups of control (n=13) and intervention (n=14). The intervention group underwent 12 sessions of 90 minutes of training. Both groups answered the Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003) in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there was no significant difference in the total resilience score between the experimental and control groups in the three stages of study. In the subscale of spirituality, a significant difference observed between the two groups (p<0.05).

According to the results, it is suggested that this training be used only to improve the spirituality of resilience along with other cognitive therapies for patients with diabetes.

Aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training reduce arterial stiffness, while resistance training does not increase or alter arterial stiffness. However, the molecular mechanism of these effects in different training methods is unclear. Since the existence of a specific phenotype known as "athlete's heart" has been accepted, the question of what vascular adaptations result from exercise is not well understand, and the results are inconsistent. The purpose of this article was to review the studies performed on the effects of different exercises on the structure and function of arteries as well as the possible mechanism of these adaptations.

In this narrative review, related articles in reputable national and international databases were found by searching keywords like exercise activity, shear stress, thickness and diameter of artery, arterial stiffness, and nitric oxide in the period 1985 to 2021. The final review was done on 45 related articles.

The researchers found a positive relationship between aerobic exercise and increase in blood viscosity, nitric oxide, and vasodilation and also increasing or not changing arterial stiffness following resistance training. Also, local structural adaptations such as change in the diameter of artery in trained limbs and systemic structural adaptations such as changes in thickness in all arteries have been reported.

The results of the present studies showed that vascular adaptations resulting from exercise depend on the type, intensity, and duration of exercise,as well as the limb under training.

The Covid-19 virus has infected different countries of the world since the end of 2019. To date, more than 208 million people have been infected with the disease, and more than 4 million have lost their lives. While efforts to curb the COVID-19 pandemic continue through vaccination around the world, the incidence and mortality continue to rise. Unfortunately, in the fight against the pandemic, COVID-19 patients are also at risk for some secondary infections such as mucormycosis. Mucormycosis, or black fungal disease is a rare and opportunistic infection that can spread fast in people with COVID-19. The action of this fungus is to invade the body's arteries and create clots in them. As a result of the clot, blood flow to the tissues of the body is stopped, and the tissue becomes necrotic or so-called black. Black fungus has made headlines these days during the Covid-19 epidemic, especially in India. Diabetes mellitus and the use of steroid drugs (which are prescribed to treat severe acute respiratory infections) are important risk factors for COVID-19 patients. Due to the opportunistic nature of this infection, early detection of it can reduce the severity of the disease and consequently reduce the mortality of COVID-19 patients.

COVID-19 disease has a major effect on people's mental health worldwide. It is likely that in the current situation, the level of physical activity and the body mass index (BMI) status play an important role in people's mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between BMI and the level of physical activity with anxiety caused by COVID-19 disease.

The method of this study was adescriptive-correlational design, and the statistical population was all citizens of Arak city in Markazi province in 2021. The statistical sample was 486 citizens in different age groups who were selected by convenience sampling method. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Scale and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression.

Pearson correlation results showed that there is a significant  inverse correlation between the level of physical activity and coronavirus anxiety (p<0.05). However, there is no significant relationship between BMI and coronavirus anxiety. The results of multivariate regression showed that the level of anxiety caused by coronavirus can be significantly predicted based on the level of physical activity and BMI.

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the increase in the level of physical activity is associated with a decrease in coronavirus anxiety. Therefore, in order to maintain the mental health of individuals in the current critical situation, it is necessary to plan for the continuation of physical activities.