نشریه مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق کوهستانی
پیاپی 8 (زمستان 1400)

Adventure tourism is a complex and dynamic phenomenon in tourism that has become increasingly commercial and rapidly growing in recent years as outdoor recreation. The mountainous nature and diversity of landforms prone to adventure tourism in Kermanshah province has made this type of tourism particularly prosperous, and holding festivals and conferences with the content of this type of tourism is proof of this claim. In this study, the aim is to identify potentially adventurous tourism sites in Kermanshah province and evaluate the sites based on their importance in attracting adventurous tourists using criteria affecting their ranking. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical and survey. Information from tourist sites and tools such as GPS, camera, Arc GIS software, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used. In this way, first, the characteristics of the selected sites were prepared using field and documentary studies and then completed in the form of a questionnaire by experts and adventurous tourists. Then, by identifying the criteria and sub-criteria and weighting them by AHP and Copras method, the sites were ranked. A review of 10 important adventure tourism sites from the perspective of experts and tourists, considering the effective criteria and sub-criteria, showed that the tourism criterion as the most important main criterion and variety of attractions, level of attractiveness and security, 3 sub-criteria with the highest score for evaluating and ranking tourism sites adventurous in Kermanshah province. The results showed that the tourist sites of Bisotun Wall, Piran Waterfall, and Parav Cave are of the highest importance in adventure tourism in Kermanshah province. Site prioritization also suggests that wall climbing and rock climbing are the most popular forms of adventure tourism

Population in terms of quantity and quality is one of the important components in economic growth and development, and it is necessary to study and analyze it in order to use the existing capacities to achieve goals. For this purpose, the present study aims to express the intensity, the probability of damage, while examining the damage that occurs during the population decline after 2006 and the the ensuing population decline. This damage determined by the FMEA model. The IPA model has also been used to understand the reasons for the decline in population and finding strategies for demographic change. Since the research samples are the experts, the studty used a snowball method and selected 20 people. The results of the research show that the damage caused by demographic changes in West Azerbaijan province are 29 hazards in five dimensions. Fifteen of them are identified at a significant level that requires serious actions. The important actions are as follows: Future predication demographic changes, a positive attitude to the demographic changes, marriage age, economic conditions and livelihoods, and facilities for marriage. Policies such as urbanization growth, temporary measures without follow-ups, and the slogans like “a better life with fewer children” after the revolution had negative effects, although positive effects are improvement of health.

The city is considered as a source of development, and urban management has a very important and decisive role in the process of urban development. In the meantime, good urban governance uses the capacity of existing institutions and creating new institutional structure among actors for sustainable decision-making. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to analyze the role of good urban governance in recreation of the worn-out urban texture in Shahreza based on a ground theory. This method has been used to analyze the information. We exracted the set of causal conditions (4 categories and 14 concepts), the set of contextual conditions (3 categories and 13 concepts), the set of intervention conditions (4 categories and 12 concepts), the strategies (4 categories and 15 concepts), and finally consequences and obstacles (5 categories and 16 concepts). They are suggested in order to increase the strengths and reduce the weaknesses of urban recreation with a good urban governance approach in Shahreza.

This study was conducted to investigate the geomorphological hazards in geotrails in Damavand region. Geotrails are the best hiking trails to access geological and geomorphological sites and as one of the conservation methods, creation and construction of special routes are used in national and natural parks and design and geoparks. In other words, the use of geotrails is one of the best ways to regulate traffic, prevent dispersion, "visitor disorder" and ultimately reduce environmental degradation. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to introduce the most suitable routes for the use of visitors, mountaineers, and ecotourists and to identify and "zoning high-risk areas" in the region. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Also, in addition to field navigation, Google Earth software, ArcGIS software, geological maps and topography of the study area were used for optimal routing. In the "stage" after designing the symbols were used to show "features" and "route network analysis" in some parts of the region. The results of the research led to the preparation of two geo-trail maps and hazard zoning of the area. In the geotril map, factors such as route length, number of stations, non-repetition of route, return route, route cost, and route duration were considered in their design. The zoning map of the area was also prepared into 5 classes with very low, low, medium, high and very high risk.

Spatial changes in the metropolitan area of Tehran have been affected by the land and housing market. Over the years, the rampant population growth due to migration, etc., has drastically changed the land and housing market and the spatial structure of the city. Achieving spatial justice of land and housing has always occupied the minds of urban policymakers and managers to provide an introduction to sustainable development in the spatial structure of cities. Therefore, applying appropriate policies to get out of the unfavorable rent situation in urban spaces is essential and has a high status. The type of research in terms of user purpose and its nature is descriptive-analytical. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the causal factors affecting the control of Tehran urban land market. The statistical population includes 25 urban specialists and managers in the metropolis of Tehran. Fuzzy dimethyl was used to analyze the results. The results show that the managerial dimension was the most effective and the financial-economic dimension was the most effective control tool in the land market of Tehran metropolis. Also in the financial dimensions of the index of tax on frequent land transfers and tax on profit from sales, in urban planning, the index of zoning criteria and land use criteria, in the management dimension, the index of land preparation and land development under supervision and Finally, the legal dimension of the index of determining property rights and the laws of organizing and supporting the production and supply of housing were recognized as the most effective and influential index, respectively.

This article aims to understand the factors affecting the increase of urban resilience in District 22 of Tehran and to investigate the structural relationship between these factors. In this study, the area of District 22 of Tehran Municipality has been selected as a case study that in addition to examining the environmental, social and economic conditions of the region, the factors affecting the environmental sustainability of its urban environment are also studied. First, the factors and dimensions of increasing the resilience of the urban environment in the region were identified. Then a questionnaire was prepared and this questionnaire was distributed among the group of experts. SPSS software and appropriate statistical tests (mean and t-test) were used to analyze the data. According to the results of t-test compared to the response of the expert group, no significant amount was found in any of the six dimensions. Also, based on the results of Vikor index ranking for effective dimensions in resilience in region 22, socio-cultural index was ranked first with a value of Q equal to 0.782. After that, infrastructure, environmental, managerial, physical-structural and economic indicators were ranked next, respectively. It is predicted that with the disappearance of the outbreak of the Corona virus and the influx of tourists and travelers again, the damage will be maximized and the degree of resilience will be greatly challenged. Accordingly, propaganda and cultural and educational activities, especially now that most people are in their homes, can be very fruitful for the future of the region.

The agricultural sector in the development process needs the optimal allocation of resources, facilities and services in order to achieve the goals of development programs. Today, what is felt is the danger in agricultural development, the lack or lack of attention to localized strategies and adapted to environmental, social and technological conditions. In this situation, one of the basic strategies in recognizing agricultural issues is to identify gaps and inequalities between regions. In the present study, the status of the geographical gap of agricultural development indicators in the cities of Hamadan province was investigated and evaluated. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of zoning the agricultural development of the cities of Hamadan province. In order to collect data, secondary statistics of different organizations have been used; In this study, in which the zoning method is based on the analysis of a set of indicators in order to construct a composite index, 75 indicators were selected in three components and Vickor method was used to analyze them. Drawing maps and generating localized information using GIS software. The results of Vikor technique show a kind of disruption and imbalance in the agricultural development of the province. Nahavand city in the most privileged group, Asadabad, Bahar, Tuyserkan, Razan, Malayer and Hamedan cities in the most privileged group and Famenin and Kaboudar Ahang cities in terms of indicators studied in this study were not in terms of agricultural development.

The purpose is to measure and evaluate the effects of good governance on the sustainable regeneration of worn-out urban structures in Khorramabad. In recent decades, with the intensification of the problems of regeneration of worn-out tissues, the approach of good urban governance has been introduced as the most effective and sustainable method in regeneration. Because Khorramabad city has 28% with texture and covers about 7 valleys of the city area was selected as the research area. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the required information has been collected from both library and field methods. The validity of the questionnaire was also confirmed by professors specializing in the field of worn-out urban tissues. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaires, which is equal to 0.886. The data obtained from the field survey were analyzed using SPSS software. The statistical population of the study is the citizens of worn-out tissue. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran's formula, 384 people. The findings showed that the status of indicators of good urban governance in the area of dysfunctional structures of Khorramabad is not in a favorable condition. Among the indicators of good urban governance, the rule of law index with an impact factor of 2.98 has more predictive power than other indicators. Accountability, participation and accountability indices with beta coefficients of 0.643, 0.610 / 0.610 are in the next ranks, respectively, and transparency index with beta coefficients of 0.421 is in the last rank of influence. Therefore, in the policies of sustainable regeneration in the dysfunctional urban contexts of Khorramabad, the need to pay attention to strengthening the performance of good urban governance has a definite effect on the indicators of sustainable regeneration.