International Journal of Smart Electrical Engineering
Volume:11 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

Tumor detection and isolation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a significant consideration, but when done manually by people, it is very time consuming and may not be accurate. Also, the appearance of the tumor tissue varies from patient to patient, and there are similarities between the tumor and the natural tissue of the brain. In this paper, we have tried to provide an automated method for diagnosing and displaying brain tumors in MRI images. Images of patients with glioblastoma were used after applying pre-processing and removing areas that have no useful information (such as eyes, scalp, etc.). We used a bounding box algorithm, to create a projection for to determining the initial range of the tumor in the next step, an artificial bee colony algorithm, to determine an initial point of the tumor area and then the Grow cut algorithm for, the exact boundary of the tumor area. Our method is automatic and extensively independent of the operator. comparison between results of 12 patients in our method with other similar methods indicate a high accuracy of the proposed method (about 98%) in comparison s.

In this study, a robust H_2/H_∞ multi-objective state-feedback controller and tracking design are presented for a mobile two-wheeled inverted pendulum (MTWIP). The proposed control has to track the desired angular velocity while keeping the mobile two-wheeled inverted pendulum balanced. First, error of output states are added to the dynamic of system for better tracking control. And uncertainties of parameters are defined by affine parameters. Next, Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is used for estimating the uncertainty of nonlinear model parameters. Robust H_2/H_∞ controller is designed and analyzed for each local linear subsystem of mobile two-wheeled inverted pendulum by using a linear matrix inequalities method. To sum up, in order to calculate the whole dynamic of system from each local linear subsystem, weight average defuzzifer method is used and the total controller is designed and analyzed according to parallel distribute compensation. The simulation indicate that the proposed scheme has high accuracy, robustness, good tracking, fast transient responses and lower control effort for a mobile two-wheeled inverted pendulum despite the uncertainties and external disturbance.

In this paper, a novel LNA design based on improved noise cancellation technique in the frequency range of 27 to 31 GHz.is presented The proposed LNA is suitable for millimeter wave 5G wireless communication. The first stage of this two-stage LNA is designed with noise cancelation approach to decrease the noise figure of the system. In order to improve the design method, we utilizes a negative feedback by implementing a couple inductor with a transformer connection. The negative feedback provides an acceptable input matching and control the gain to increase the band width. The cascode structure is used in the second stage for its higher gain and stability and better reverse isolation at millimeter wave frequency. Furthermore, an inductor is utilized to boost the gain with neutralizing the capacitance of node between two transistors in a cascode structure. The CMOS silicon on insulator (SOI) is utilized to provide a high level of integration and low power consumption with the minimum cost. The proposed LNA is designed with 130 nm CMOS technology and has 22.14 dB gain with 1.86 dB noise figure at 29 GHz. The 3-dB bandwidth of the designed LNA is 4 GHz (14%) and its DC power consumption is 33.4 mW. The IIP3 is -16dBm and input reflection coefficient is better than -10dBm in the frequency range of interest. The proposed LNA is simulated by ADS software.

A common method for controlling a group of parallel converters in decentralized control strategy structure in an island microgrid, the use is the droop-down characteristics of frequency ω-P and voltage E-Q. However, the problem with using this method is that the reactive power is not properly distributed (in proportion to the capacity of the micronutrients) between the micronutrients, which may lead to overload in the converters. Microgrids may also suffer from dynamic stability problems such as power fluctuations, which can be increased by switching between active and reactive power control. To avoid this problem, the X / R ratio of transmission lines is an important parameter that should be carefully considered in the design of micronutrient controllers. By linearizing and simplifying conditions, the control system conversion function model becomes a single input-single output system, which is efficient enough to show the relationship between control parameters such as slope of droop characteristics and derivative sentences, virtual impedance, and voltage controllers. Using this model, stability conditions for different parameters are analyzed. Also, to improve power distribution stability, common droop strategies are modified by adjusting the slope as well as adding nonlinear sentence sections. This approach reduces the coupling between active and reactive power control and reduces the dependence of power distribution on grid parameters such as the X / R ratio. To evaluate the reliability of the proposed model, the simulation results in a sample island microgrid in MATLAB software are presented.

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the noise-coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the noise-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The noise-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order noise-coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the noise transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new noise-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order noise shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

One of the issues of reliable performance in the power grid is the existence of electromechanical oscillations between interconnected generators. The number of generators participating in each electromechanical oscillation mode and the frequency oscillation depends on the structure and function of the power grid. In this paper, to improve the transient nature of the network and damping electromechanical fluctuations, a decentralized robust adaptive control method based on dynamic programming has been used to design a stabilizing power system and a complementary static var compensator (SVC) controller. By applying a single line to ground fault in the network, the robustness of the designed control systems is demonstrated. Also, the simulation results of the method used in this paper are compared with controllers whose parameters are adjusted using the PSO algorithm. The simulation results show the superiority of the decentralized robust adaptive control method based on dynamic programming for the stabilizing design of the power system and the complementary SVC controller. The performance of the control method is tested using the IEEE 16-machine, 68-bus, 5-area is verified with time domain simulation.

In this paper, a new scheme for serial communication is proposed. In this method, in addition to the pulse states (high and low), either of negative slope or positive slope of the pulse (saw-tooth waveform) is employed as a representative for another digit. Using pulse slope as a representative for a separate digit will result in sending two-bit-digits using a single pulse, which doubles the transfer rate. The proposed scheme can be used in both synchronized and asynchronized communications and can improve communication speed. Through simulating the proposed scheme, it turned out that this method, because of its proper immunity to noise, can be used as a peripheral interface alongside in-chip communication. The main idea in the raised discussion is to obtain four different geometric pulse shapes acting as four different numbers in the quaternary numeric system, in which it can be serialized/desrialized as easy as pulse states. This proposed method and the suggested system for serialization and deserialization of data can be an adequate alternative in high-speed communication approaches.