فصلنامه توسعه اجتماعی
سال شانزدهم شماره 1 (پاییز 1400)

Common good as one of the basic concepts in political thought has not been studied independently yet. This concept, along with concepts such as public interests, public expediencies, public policy, common interests and common good, has formed the basis and foundation of most approaches and controversies of different schools. In the common discourse of political science, the public good refers to the material, cultural or institutional possibilities in which the members of a society share interests. This study aimed at providing the most fundamental sharing and differentiating aspects of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Naeini’s political ideas and their political views on the foundations of the theory of public good through a comparative study of their political ideas in the framework of the crisis theory of Thomas Spriggens. Accordingly, the main commonalities are the concepts such as legalism, denial of tyranny, the centrality of the role of the people in government and the differences, the form of government, the basis of government legitimacy and the conditions of Islamic rule. In general, both thinkers, according to scientific proposals in the field of the relationship between Sharia and politics, offered a special interpretation and created a new perspective in Shiite jurisprudential theories in dealing with new political concepts. Allameh Naeini's most central political views as the initiator of this movement in the Shiite political jurisprudential tradition were the rejection of tyranny and the jurisprudential justification of the constitutional government, which was based on his negative approach. On the other hand, Imam Khomeini, as the successor of Allama Naini, in this movement, with a broad and comprehensive approach and based on a positive approach, developed this issue.

In the present age, one of the issues that have attracted the attention of thinkers and Social science experts; is tendency to commit crime among young people. Basically, the growth and development of crime inclination among youths threatens the legitimate opportunities of societies to achieve cultural aims, which in turn erodes the components of economic, social and cultural development. Accordingly, the main goal of this research is to do a sociological study of the impact of different types of capital on the tendency to commit crime mong Young People Aged 18-29 in Ahvaz the method used is survey and 262313 people in 2020, of which 383 people were selected as a sample based on Cochrans formula. In the present study, the muliti-stage cluster sampling method is used and the data collection instrument is a questionnaire. The results represents that the inclinatition to commit crime among the youths of ahwaz (60/74) is lower than the average. Also, the findings of the present study represents that there is a significant relationship between the variables of cultural capital, economic capital, social capital and the inclination to commit crime. The results of regression analysis represented that the variables included in the model, namely economic, social and cultural capital, explain 0/35 of the variance of the Tendency to commit a crime. Compared to other variables included in the model, cultural capital with beta coefficient (-0.48) had the greatest impact on the research problem.

Childbearing as one of the components of demographic change is one of the topics that have attracted a lot of attention in the field of social issues. Due to the importance of demographic developments in Iran in the past decades, the current research aims to identify the factors affecting the attitude toward childbearing among the employees of Andimeshk Department of Education. As a survey research, it used a researcher-made questionnaire for data collection. The statistical population included all employees of Andimeshk Department of Education, out of which a total of 362 individuals was selected using the Cochran formula by adopting and simple random sampling. The data analysis was done using SPSS 18. The results showed a negative correlation between the level of education and the attitude toward childbearing but a positive correlation between the variables of the inclination toward material welfare and attention to maternal health with childbearing. The results of the regression analysis also indicated that independent variables account for 16.9% of changes in the attitude toward childbearing and have the biggest effect on the variables of the inclination toward material welfare and the level of education.

Despite the disadvantages and adverse effects of tobacco on human health and the environment, tobacco use in our country continues to grow. Various researches have investigated the issue of smoking, which needs to be coherent and consistent. The present study aimed to identify the causes and motivations of tobacco use in individuals through qualitative meta-analysis. Data were collected by referring to databases of SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Tobacco Research Center of Iran and IranMedex with the keywords of tobacco, cigarette, hookah in a period of time (1978-2018). Duplicate and irrelevant studies were eliminated and finally 92 studies were analyzed according to the purpose and criteria of the study. The findings indicated that contextual variables, smoking relatives, easy access to tobacco, leisure activities, Patterns, social change, environmental stressors, beliefs, attitudes and awareness, weakness of social and religious affiliation were among the factors that tend to be tobacco in Iran. Accordingly, it is necessary to consider leisure and tobacco substitutes management and happiness. Future tobacco investigations should be conducted by the authorities in a qualitative approach to find causes based on social, cultural, etc.

The Present Research is Trying To Introduce Bayesian Inference Logic And Technique Of Process-Tracing In A Single Case Research (N=1) To Study The Effects Of Cultural Globalization On The National Identity Becoming Problematic In Iranian Society After The Revolution Of 57 Using The Process Tracing Technique. The Method Of Present Research Is "Process Tracing", Analysis Unit Of "Iranian Society After Revolution 57", Inferential Logic and Analytical Tools " Bayesian Inference Logic" And "Empirical Tests Straw-In-The-Wind, Hoop, Smoking Gun and Doubly Decisive", Empirical Observations And Within-Case Evidence "Causal Process Observations" And "Evidence Pattern, Sequence, Trace, Sequence And Account" Information Sources And Tools For Collecting Them "Documents, Archival Reports, Media Sources, Historical Research, And Interview". The Result Of Research Indicates That Based On The Deductive Approach And Existing Analytical Theories, Process Of The Effects Of Cultural Globalization On The National Identity Becoming Problematic in Iranian Society After The Revolution Of 57 Can Be Conceptualized, Operationalization And Evaluated Of Through "Causal Mechanism Of Rethinking Identification In The Compactness Of The World".

Violence has historically been a nuisance to women. The intensity and rate of violence against women varies from region to region. The institutionalization of a patriarchal culture, the lack of adequate opportunities to demand women's rights, and socio-cultural poverty and financial dependence are involved. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and violence against women in Aleshtar. The research method is survey type and is quantitative in nature and applied in terms of purpose and has been implemented with a questionnaire. The statistical population of the studied women is equal to 4650 that 355 people have been selected as the sample through Cochran's formula and a questionnaire (and interview) has been distributed among them by random sampling method. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the validity of the scales and experts and professors of social sciences were used to determine the reliability of the item. Disciplinary findings show that there is a significant and inverse relationship between violence against women between material consumption (-0.0332) and cultural consumption (-0.034). However, there was no relationship between leisure time and violence against women. In addition, there is a significant relationship between contextual variables of education level and employment status with violence against women. Accordingly, the results of multiple regression show that the coefficient of multiple correlation is equal to 0.519 and the coefficient of determination is equal to 0.324 that the sum of significant variables in the model have been able to explain and predict 0.32 of the variable of violence against women. Lifestyle gives women a fluid and floating position because it frees them from frozen class affiliations, empowers them to be more selective and creative, accelerates their material and productive participation, and gives them a new social identity of consumption, which This causes their position and subordinate role to diminish over time.

Cities as geographic phenomena during recent decades through changes in globalization and enter the information age have become one of the leading elements of human life. So that urban development can be considered one of the most complex social developments in half a century. This development has brought with a series of problems such as marginalization, major cities etc. One of the most important issues in the uneven development in urban space and formation and development of class boundaries, especially in large cities of Third World such as Tehran, which affects the different organizing of the city and produce difficulty. On this basis, this paper has worked with the analytical method investigated the effects of development on the organizing of class boundaries in Tehran. Surveys indicate that the space in Tehran can be simply observed class boundaries such as income levels, access to facilities, access to green space, etc. These class boundaries in the city such gaps have fragmented the city. The results of this study indicate that existence of class boundaries in Tehran and its development has created different spaces that act as a barrier to organizing in Tehran.

Sociological analysis type of tolerance with death darling in social disasterMany sociologist studied believes and human image of death, Live then death and tolerance with dies. The important subject is how people engage with family and kinships dies in the disasters especially natural disaster like earthquake and social and psychological results. The goal of this study is how citizen of Sarpol Zahab encounter with darling death in 2017 earthquake. We used the grounded theory, theoretical sampling and semi structural interview with 23 cases during Sarpol Zahab earthquake. Data analysis and results theory modeling shows in causal condition: "religious believes", "cultural norms", "ritual ceremony", "personal methods" are effective. The basic phenomena" dialectic tragedy-consolation" in social and individual level in grounded and interference condition: "multilateral risk","sex","age","reference patterns" and "image of death" convertible to: "religious axis","tradition-ceremony","realist" and 'nonrealistic" strategies. Conclusion of this strategies due to accept and tolerance with darling death and social live conditions.