فصلنامه سیاستگذاری عمومی
سال هشتم شماره 1 (بهار 1401)

The present study is based on the theory of policy enactment and its purpose is to analyze layer by layer the reasons for policy enactment in Iranian primary schools to design alternative scenarios. To achieve this goal, the method of causal layer analysis has been used. In this way, the phenomenon of policy enactment was analyzed and deepened in four layers. The study population in this study are actors who are involved in the enactment of qualitative-descriptive evaluation policy. To find the participants, non-random snowball sampling method was used. MAXQDA 2018 software was also used for data analysis. Results at the Lithuanian level, Iranian students have failed to achieve a global average in international exams over the past two decades. At the level of the social system, human factors and cultural, economic and political contexts play an important role in policy enactment, which is not taken into account. At the worldview and discourse level, the paradigm of reductionism prevails in policy-making. At the level of myths and metaphors, policy-making is a conventional and generative metaphor that plays an important role in the linear implementation of policies. Based on the analysis and deepening of the four layers above, alternative policy enactment scenarios were designed and presented for each layer. Language does not just describe reality; Rather, it shapes reality. The use of the metaphor of development and policy enactment in language can play an important role in the success of policies. Thus, the adoption of politics is a complex, creative, intertwined, contextual and political process in which language and metaphor play a vital role but have received less attention.

For more than a decade, the issue of policy implementation on the Makran coast has been on the agenda of various governments, but unfortunately the policy implementation process has been very slow, which can be described as a crisis. The central question of this research is why, despite the great importance of this region in economic, social, and political relations, and the existence of political will, the implementation of policies in this strategic region has been accompanied by failure and even failure? The present study, with the help of theoretical and scientific literature related to implementation and implementation of policies in free zones, and based on interviews and content analysis methods, extracts the main reasons for policy failure and provides policy solutions. The results of the studies conducted in this study show that the most important reasons for the failure of policies in this strategic area can be classified into three main themes (structure-oriented, ideal-oriented and thought-oriented) and 9 sub-themes.

Water resources management in the Central Plateau of Iran and Zayandeh-Rud River basin, as the only permanent river of this plateau, has faced serious challenges which has challenged the lives and livelihoods of most residents and beneficiaries.The aim of this study was to identify and explain the causes of the crisis in the Water Policies of Zayandeh-Rud River Basin from the perspective of beneficiaries in the western townships of Isfahan province. The reseerch method of the styudy was qualitative type and by the Thematic analysis approach. In this study, data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and have been done with 51 beneficiaries in Falavarjan, Mobarakeh, Shahin Shahr and Maymeh, Khomeini Shahr, Lenjan, Chadegan, Fereydunshahr, Fereidan and Buin cities.In this study, first 195 causes announced by the participants were investigated and after removing similarities and repetitions, they were counted in the form of 76 basic concepts and analysed relying on the data encoding process in the Thematic analysis, in the open laying stage, were obtained 15 main concepts from these concepts. The findings of this study indicate that the concept (core) of the nucleus, which is the cause of the water crisis in these cities, has emerged under the influence of four categories of political, legal, climatic and ethnic-cultural causes.

Among all crises in the contemporary world, the novel Coronavirus’s outbreak has been the greatest and most severe shock societies in an international scope have had to endure. The outbreak of this virus has been a phenomenon effects and consequences of which spared nearly no society, organization, or person. The governments’ approach in tackling COVID-19 ranges from complete inaction, to reaction (which itself breaks down to quick or delayed reaction), and an active, forward-looking, and prospective approach. Resilience management is an active and prospective approach in confronting uncertainties. This study analyzes the actions and policies of 10 countries who were relative more or less successful than others in terms of their COVID-19 crisis management between January and December 2020. This paper takes a national resilience management approach and uses Meta synthesis, expert opinions on Iran’s confrontation with the COVID-19 phenomenon, and other countries’ experiences to suggest a policy model for confrontation with novel pandemics with a national resilience approach.

More than 70 years after official initiation of planning in Iran, the term and the profession of “Planning”, still premised as absolute, abstract, disciplinary, positive, undiscussable, needless of deliberation and reflectivity, while reviewing the intellectual changes of the issue, especially in US and Europe implies to the End of Positivistic- Technocratic Paradigm of planning and emergence of the new field of “theory of planning” in recent 50 years. Through qualitative meta analysis of the most important recently-published books and essays about planning and near fields like development and policy in Persian, this article shows that the blast of the collapse of rational-technocratic planning and emergence of “theory of planning” didn’t reach to Iranian knowledge of planning yet. The only exception is discipline of “Urban Planning” which misunderstands the deep paradigm shift in “theory of planning” with new narrow changes in “theories in urban planning area”. In conclusion after sketching the overall horizon of alternative Non-Euclidian Mode of Planning and discussing some causes and contexts of this theoretical-historical lag from sociology of planning perspective, various strategic recommendations to compensate the regression is being presented.

In this article, I interrogate inconsistencies between values and attitudes implicit in the existing Iranian cultural policies regarding women and the youth and those of policies’ stakeholders. My work is theoretically inspired by the framework of the cognitive and interpretive approaches in public policy, alongside sociological concepts such as lifestyle. The research techniques include qualitative content analysis of policy documents, secondary data analysis of the national surveys to investigate attitudes of the society, and semi-structured interviews with policymakers.Comparing ‘formal cultural referential’ in the policies with the’ society informal referentials’ shows an inconsistency in the selected themes of the research, including women’s dress code, lifestyles and marriage styles. In policies, only a specific traditional lifestyle is promoted, and the diverse range of lifestyles in society is neglected. These inconsistencies could be considered as being affected by the structure of the cultural policymaking in the country and domination of the referential outside the cultural realm.

Urbanization and industrial structure are two systems of economic development that influence each other. The rapid progress of urbanization helps to promote industrial development and vice versa. In this study, first, an index for industrial development has been constructed using the fuzzy logic approach for the period 2012-2020 for the provinces of Iran. The results show that Tehran, Isfahan, and East Azerbaijan have the highest industrial development, respectively, and Kurdistan, Ilam, and South Khorasan have the lowest level of industrial development in the period, respectively. In the following, we investigate the effect of industrial development on urbanization using quantitative regression. The results show that industrial development has a positive effect on urbanization. But at high levels of urbanization, this effect is less than low levels of urbanization. The effect of the unemployment rate and GDP per capita on urbanization is also positive. Also, the effect of the unemployment rate is higher in provinces with high urbanization.

Networks are considered as tools of collaboration between different sections of society. Using networks, all stakeholders can be involved in the policy-making process. The digitalization of the economy in general and the banking industry in particular, is among the phenomena of the present age. The study aims at designing a network model for digital banking in Iran. This study is a descriptive-exploratory one, using semi-structured interviews as data collection tool. Theme analysis technique has been used to analyze the data. The research population is economic and banking policy-making experts, especially digital banking specialists in Iran, and the research sample has been selected using purposive sampling method. Finally, a model has been designed that includes the necessities, inputs, actors, factors affecting synergistic relationships and the impacts of network policy-making in digital banking. This model can be considered as a platform used for solving many current problems, including the indetermination of digital banking executives, the multiplicity of digital banking policy makers, etc.

The Iranian government is faced with important challenges and crises in different areas of public policy making such as economic, cultural, educational, environmental and industrial issues.In this article, we will discuss why these issues exist in Iran today and we will propose that there is a direct link between the involvement of people in politics and the efficiency of governmental policies.Even though Iranians believe that they are very political, in reality they are not as defined in this specific article. This leads governmental authorities to behave inefficiently or to suffer from megalomania.We will bring forth arguments that will support and defend our hypothesis in this article.

According to the forecasts of reputable international centers, natural gas will play the most effective role in the future of world energy. Because Iran has one of the largest natural gas reserves in the world; This energy source can be considered as the main advantage of Iran in the domestic and international arena. In the meantime, one of the options facing the country is the export of this energy source. Considering that the export of natural gas, in addition to economic benefits, has many political-security benefits for the country; Determining the goals and scenarios for the advancement of natural gas exports has always been one of the main issues facing the country's energy sector. Target countries are interested in not limiting the source of their natural gas supply to fixed and specific sources; Therefore, they have long paid special attention to Iran. Therefore, it is important to study the future status of Iran's natural gas exports. The purpose of this study is to design scenarios for the country's natural gas exports until 2050 using the opinion of the elite and the method used in the research is a combination of the Delphi method and interaction analysis method. The three factors of Iran's isolation from the world trade and financial system, the political influence of powerful countries in the target country and the status of natural gas resources, their production and development in the target countries have been identified as key factors and based on future trends Three key effective factors, four compatible natural gas export scenarios were identified. Finally, after explaining each of these scenarios, policy recommendations have been made to achieve a favorable situation in Iran's natural gas exports.

The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic framework of factors changing the governance of higher education. The method of this research was qualitative and meta-synthesis and the library method is used  for collecting data the research community was scintific resources related to the factors changing the governance of higher education. The study population is all scientific sources related to the subject of factors factors changing the governance of higher education (between 1390 to 1400 and 2000 to 2020). Keywords: Factors Affecting Higher Education Governance, Higher Education Governance Changing, University Governance, University Generation from Internal Databases of the scientific information database (SID), Noormags, Magiran, The Comprehensive Human Resources Portal (Ensani), Tehran University's thesis and ganj-beta, and foreign databases such as Scholar.google, Elsevier, Proquest have been used  about 20 years ago. By reviewing 17 sources from 1501 primary sources, the two main dimensions of internal requirements and external requirements of factors changing the governance of higher education were identified, each of which includes components: external requirements including governance changes including globalization, power and policy changes. ; Infrastructural developments, including economic developments, managerial developments; Software developments including social developments, technological developments; Nature changes include climate change. Internal requirements are also divided into two factors intra -systemic (university challenges, academic independence, quantitative and qualitative development of higher education) and extra-systemic higher education (stakeholder participation and social change). Accordingly, in creating change and revolution in higher education, these factors should be considered and on the other hand, in analyzing issues in the field of higher education governance, the impact of these factors should not be overlooked.

Due to the globalization the emphasis on international cooperation of HEIs has become necessary and the international aspect of HE requires scientific study. The purpose of this study was to compare the policies and strategies of internationalization of Iranian HE with some leading countries. This study was a comparative study based on the Mill's model. Sample countries were purposefully selected according to the available documents.  The results showed that all countries don't agree on “achieving high quality of education and research", " earning economic benefits", "cultural diversity and understanding", "achieving high standards and research power" and "knowledge diplomacy". All countries agree on "participation in research projects" and "teacher-student exchange". Since the main challenge of internationalization of HE in Iran is the lack of clear and purposeful policy at the policy-making level, it is suggested that serious studies and actions should be taken to determine, clear and leading policies So that appropriate strategies can be adopted through it.

Journal of Public Policy of Cambridge University is one of the important journals in the field of public policy, which has an impact factor of 2.513 in the JCR and is indexed in reputable indexing databases of international journals including Elsevier and WOS. The journal mainly publishes articles that apply social science theories, concepts, and methods to important political, economic, and social issues related to public policy. A variety of topics are presented in these articles, including environmental issues, international political economy, health, EU regulatory policies and processes, etc. The reviewers of this journal are from more than twelve disciplines of social sciences and from three continents of the world. Thus, they guarantee analytical accuracy in referring to the context of the national policy of the studied countries. In issue 41 of this magazine, 9 articles have been published that are briefly reviewed.