مجله جغرافیا و توسعه
پیاپی 66 (بهار 1401)

This research, using the theory of production of space and right to the artistic city of Lefebvre, as well as the model of participatory planning and avoiding the interpretations and analyzes of reductionists; In an effort to achieve the desired pattern of production and reproduction of urban spaces with emphasis on one of the largest, most capital and most challenging urban spaces, namely large commercial complexes or megaliths of the metropolis of Tehran. A model that makes citizen participation and participation as its basic principle in urban policy-making and calls for the sociality of space and the organization of people''s lives based on abstractions such as plans, financial institutions, engineering systems, and so on. In other words, in this speech, in addition to analyzing the concept of the right to the city and its dimensions, as well as its conceptual relationship with the flow of production and reproduction of space in the city, the authors seek the question of the desired city as a field of action for citizens and activists Which is active? And what is the process of achieving the right in this field? The dominant strategy in this research is a qualitative strategy based on the problem defined in the researcher''s mind and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The results of the research indicate that the right to the city of Lefebvre is the freedom of citizens to participate in the use and production of urban space, and therefore

Geomorphology is a science based on Geography and human and its formative elements, and cannot be considered free from it. One of the most important features of human is epistemology and his cognitive ability. In cognitive - Geomorphology, human cognition in biological domain is not similar to what is emphasized in the Archaeology and Biology but emphasizes the concept of “human”. "emotional wisdom" of human uses the experience provided by "place" as a pretext for the "beginning" of his Social configuration. According to Whorf, place like the language and culture, shapes the intellectual logic and understanding of its inhabitants on a particular scale.Using data such as topographic and geological maps, digital elevation model (DEM), data from ancient hills, data of city and villages, tries to refute or confirm the evolutionary theory of Marx and Gordon Child on social configurations. The following statements have been obtained from the theory of "cognitive situation" in Dehloran Land–context by using the "Grounded theory" method 1- Social configurations in Iran do not follow the theory of Marx and Gordon Child and have a direct relationship with Space Identity or changing proportions in space. 2- 2- Social configurations are formed based on Space Identity and human emotional wisdom with a beginning.3- 3- Rural-urban, rural, mental and semi-mental configurations are seen together and none of them is evolved.

Understanding the relationship between human settlement's spatial structure and residents' social life is one of city researchers' major challenges. One of the most important spatial structures of a city is the public realm. Public realms are usually constructed for free usage of general society people. Everyone has the right to access and use public realms. A public place's public realms is a place for social interactions and creates the city's social life, an important factor is the public realm's security and how safe people feel in this space. It is no doubt that public realms would lose their efficiency. The present research's method is descriptive-analytical and has a practical purpose. The general tool for data gathering consists of library studies and questionnaire completion by the citizens of the Dohezar district. This questionnaire was designed proportional to the information type and based on the Likert Scale. This research's statistical population consists of Bandar Abbas Dohezar citizens, and the statistical sample consists of 376 residents that have been computed and chosen by the Cochran formula, and the questionnaire distribution method is simple random sampling. Path analysis method and soft wares SPSS and AMOS were used in data analysis. The results depict that the most influential component on security is the movement and access indicator, and the least influential is access quality. Considering the research results, five approaches of scale and spatial frame, movement and access network, environmental comfort, access quality, and activity and ground control caused security enhancement in the public realm.

The aim of this study was to zoning the risk of floods in Torbat Heydariyeh with emphasis on urban and rural areas in2020.This research is an applied type in which fuzzy logic,analytical hierarchy system and gratitude information system have been used.In this study, slope,distance from river,elevation,geology,landuse,precipitation, drainage density and vegetation were investigated.It should be noted that in order zoning the risk of flood occurrence in Torbat Heydariyeh,based on the above criteria,first the layers in Arc GIS environment have been converted and then using fuzzy,fuzzy membership functions and finally fuzzy maps of the layers have been obtained.Then,with the help of EXCEL software,the AHP process was performed and then the final weight of the criteria was combined with fuzzy layers and finally the obtained maps were matched with fuzzy operators and the zoning map was extracted.The results show that the main variables affecting flooding in the study area are slope variables with a weight coefficient of 0.306and precipitation with a weight coefficient of 0.175.Of course,vegetation variable with a weight coefficient of 0.040has the least effect on the study area.Therefore,it can be concluded that Torbat Heydariyeh is very high risk according to the classification map of flood risk in the region,so more attention should be paid to watershed management operations in the city.It should also be noted that the Torbat Heydariyeh is located in very low risk area and in terms of rural settlements,most of the villages of this city are located in the area with very low and high risk of vulnerability.

In this study, the specific humidity, zonal, and meridional wind components data at 850 hPa and PW(PW) data of Modis Aqua for 15-year period (2002-2017) were used; Then, the days that the average amount of PW was 2 standard deviations from the mean were selected and moisture flux was calculated for these days and two days ago. The results showed when the average PW is high (July and August), southwestern parts of the Caspian Sea coasts and northwest of the country, moisture flux is maximum. The northeast and east currents, which pass through the Caspian Sea due to the low pressure in the northeast of the Caspian Sea, cause the maximum PW to occur with the transfer of moisture to the Caspian Sea and northwest. Sub Tropical high pressure over the Arabian Sea and a thermal low pressure over the southeast of Arabian Peninsula, increases moisture flux from the Arabian Sea, the Aden Gulf, the Oman Sea and the Persian Gulf to the country's southern and southwestern coasts, as a result, the amount of PW is also increased. Occasionally, currents entering to the country from the northeast and south converge on the Lut and Central Desert Plains; and increase the atmospheric moisture.Based on the results, the presence of low pressure over the western Kazakhstan and high pressure over the Arabian Sea and low pressure in eastern Arabian Peninsula, play key roles in moisture penetration into Iran and increasing atmospheric moisture.

Today, ecotourism entrepreneurship is presented as a strategy for sustainable rural development by creating job opportunities based on the use of local resources in a sustainable way and emphasizing on the internal development of the village. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a model for rural ecotourism entrepreneurship development in Dezful township. This research is of qualitative type and in terms of implementation method, it is a mixture of qualitative content analysis and Delphi technique. At first, concepts were extracted using theoretical foundations and research background using qualitative content analysis method. Then, using the Delphi technique and the opinions of experts about these indicators, a consensus was reached. The Delphi panel consisted of 30 academics, organizational, and local experts selected by snowball sampling. After three rounds of Delphi, experts agreed on 87 indicators in the form of 11 components and the rural ecotourism entrepreneurship development model in Dezful township was theoretically approved. The results show that the combination of social responsibility, environmental responsibility, growth and development through ecotourism and ecotourism innovations and creativity provide the development of rural ecotourism entrepreneurship. Also, physical-infrastructural factor, economic factor, educational and information factor, institutional factor, environmental factor, socio-cultural factor and individual factor were identified as the most important factors affecting the development of rural ecotourism entrepreneurship.

Fractal geometry is a suitable instrument for studying and understanding the complex behavior of a river. The most important feature of the fractal is its dimension. The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the fractal dimension on a large scale in the morphotectonic unit of Zagros and its analysis using fractal geometry theory and Horton-Strahler ranking.For this purpose the waterways were ranked by Horton and Strahler method. It seems that the fractal dimension less than 1 and more than 2 is due to the tectonics and lithology of the sub-basin, which has caused the sub-basins not to reach balance in terms of fractal dimension at the surface or line.Of course, this does not mean that the fractal dimension follows the basin lithology in an abstract way, but it indicates that the spatial distribution of lithology in a basin along with morphotectonic evidence such as faults can get the fractal dimension of the basin out of balance. An exact connection cannot be estimated between the fractal dimension and the physiographic characteristics of the sub-basins of the Zagros morphotectonic unit.

The statistical population of the present study is rural households living in eight villages of Rudbar-e Qasran District, which is equal to 17,419 people according to the 2016 census. After identifying and designing the indicators, a questionnaire was prepared by using Cochran's formula, 310 villagers were selected as the sample population that by using random / systematic sampling method, the questionnaires were distributed among them and finally with using Friedman statistics, logistic regression and cluster analysis in SPSS software environment, the data were analyzed. The results of Friedman test illustrate that rural tourism in different physical, economic, social and cultural fields have a significant difference up to 99% confidence level. The results of logistic regression by using the forward selection method also illustrate that the variables of income and expenditure of rural households up to 99% confidence in the regression equation were examined and Wald Statistics represent the meaningful level of the variables in the regression equation. According to the results of the hierarchical cluster analysis test, the villages of the first cluster (Garmabdar, Zayegan, Lalan and Ab Nik villages) and the village of the second cluster (Ruteh) have the highest rank in the field of development of second homes tourism, respectively. The villages of the third cluster (Fard Abad and Sang Bon) and the fourth cluster (Labark), although they have many tourist attractions, they have a lower level of development in comparison to the villages of the first and second clusters.

One of the most important housing projects that otherwise hidden aspects of the management of can cause a lot of problems to the residents of the housing, the housing site is the location. So,this paper is to analyze the status of locating housing sites in Ardabil in terms of environmental factors.The method, according to the purpose and nature of the analytical method. Evaluation criteria include environmental 7 factors (criteria dip, fault lines, the depth of ground water, soil, geology, distance from urban centers and networks) are. In order to standardize and benchmark valuation maps, fuzzy logic techniques were used. In order to weigh the map, CRITIC-AHP integrated method for analyzing whether the existing land area of housing used taken VIKOR. The findings show that the housing site Valieasr with a final score of 0.29 with close to ideal conditions. In contrast, Mehr housing Myrashrf with a final score of 0.76 has a farthest distance from the ideal option positive. The final score is calculated for Mehr housing Pile shran also 0.56, the status of this option compared with other options and shows the desired option. Thus, it appears that Mehr housing Myrashrf, with the lowest and farthest from locating desirable and is also the worst among the options studied. It should be noted that priority is shown, depending on the criteria used their weight is obtained. The results output, that the sites dedicated to housing Ardabil ,due to environmental conditions in the worst situation is Mir Ashrf site.

Today, ports, as a communication bridge for the exchange of goods, play an important role in sea and land transport in creating integration in the post-colonial regions and establishing balance in the supply chain. In fact, each port has a different geographical location, equipment and function, and this has led to increased inequality in the development of ports and, by nature, cities and regions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, identify and analyze the geographical facilities and capabilities of the ports of Bushehr province in order to develop the backward regions of this province. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical using documentary sources, library. In order to weight and rank the criteria and sub-criteria, fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS models have been used. After a general review and comparison of criteria and sub-criteria, six ports of Bushehr, Assaluyeh, Kangan, Genaveh, Dayyer and Deylam in this province were selected from among the ports of Bushehr province which are located in the Persian Gulf. Findings show that Assaluyeh port is among the five ports compared in terms of criteria and sub-criteria in the first place. Therefore, it was selected as the most suitable port in the development of the southern regions of Bushehr province.

The effects of magnetic water were examined in terms of leaf area, special leaf area, and some of the physiographic indicators such as relative water capacity and foliar chlorophyll content (SPAD) in three species endemic to arid environments namely Nitraria, Haloxylon, and Atriplex. In addition to the factors mentioned, acidity (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) were also measured. This research was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Data analysis was carried out via the analysis of variance using MSTAT software. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of magnetic water on water use efficiency, rehabilitation of land, and the propagation of vegetation cover in arid areas, along with the introduction of a new Water Magnifier Device. The results showed that species irrigated with magnetic water, had better performance in terms of the growth indices. Leaf development was increased by 121.74, leaf area by 108.97 mm2, special leaf area by 3803.74 mm2.gr, RWC by 9.81%, and SPAD by 15.79. Water magnetization process also reduced pH to 5.0 and EC to 3.0 µmhos.cm-1.

Today, the tourism industry is changing rapidly, and as a result, the needs of tourists have also changed. In this age, creativity and innovation are considered as an important feature and the main need of service and tourism centers. The importance of employing creative manpower for tourism centers and organizations is not hidden and can play an important role in their success. Creative workforce leads to new ideas and solutions and improves the performance of goals. As a result, given the issues and problems facing the industry, the need for a creativity-based paradigm, along with the replacement of new products, processes, markets and methods, monopoly interests and the created competitive advantage seems necessary. In this paradigm of "creative destruction", Joseph Schumpeter, as the driving force of economic development, uses resources, knowledge and skills in new ways to solve existing problems or obstacles and by forming new types of demand and support resources to meet them. Promotes opportunities for creativity and entrepreneurship. Therefore, creative destruction can facilitate the transition from old and inefficient tourism systems to new paradigms and be used as a need of the tourism industry or a tool to meet its needs. This can occur in a variety of ways and can change the performance of tourism and related organizations. Accordingly, according to Schumpeter theory, the role of creative and entrepreneurial force is not limited to creating new job opportunities, but with the existing structure, thinking, mobility and culture, engage in creative destruction to prepare the ground for