فصلنامه مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق خشک
پیاپی 46 (زمستان 1400)

In the philosophy of science and especially in the humanities, the definition of the concepts and subjects have different and even opposite ontological and epistemological foundations. In other words, recognizing a concept in different schools can have conflicting definitions. Therefore, determining the theoretical framework for a fundamental concept is one of the most fundamental principles in the study for understanding the concepts and subjects. Obviously, recognizing political geography is different in distinct epistemological schools, including in structuralism, and in particular in Hegel's views. In this theoretical framework, the government represents the originated of human’s moral-rational will. In this regard, have been struggled by referring to the valid theoretical literature were been explained the political geography functions in the Hegelian Structuralism School. The findings research reveals that in the structuralism school, the components of the geographical space have an interconnected concrete nature and at the same time, processes and political institutions of space as an external and structural factor play effective role in the evolution of space forms and processes. Based on this, cognitive approaches in political geography needs genealogy the politico-social construct cognition on a national scale with using the rational deductive means.

The destructive effects of wind erosion on the environment and human activities have led to the identification and quantification of sources of wind sediments as an important issue for planners. Due to the importance of the subject, in this study, the origin of wind sediments in Jalali sands has been investigated. To achieve this, after mapping the geomorphological facies of the study area using field visits and Google Earth images in ArcMap software, 43 samples of area sediments were collected in different geomorphological facies. Then, using geochemical and XRF experiments, the volume of elements in each sediment sample was determined. Normalization and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed in SPSS software. After determining the geochemical tracers using the Solver plugin in Excel software, the sediment fingerprinting equation was applied to the tracer elements in the study area in order to determine the relative contribution of geomorphological facies in the formation of wind sediments. According to the results, the largest share of sediment sources was related to the lemon clay facies, so that 60% of the sediments were related to this facies, which cover 2.2% of the area. After lemon clay facies, the largest share was related to puffy facies. Puffy facies with 36.8% of the area, 36% of the sediment sources. According to the mentioned, areas with dense vegetation had the lowest share in the production of aeolian sediments and lemon clay facies that had no vegetation and had fine-grained elements, had the highest share of sediment production, so Necessary measures need to be taken to stabilize these domains.

Development and expansion of date processing industries due to its impact on job creation, reducing waste to help nourish society, increase productivity and create added value, develop nonoil exports and exchange rate, reduce unemployment, sustainable lively/hoods of households and rural development It has a special feature. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of conversion and complementary industries (processing of date products) in improving the sustainable livelihood of rural households (studied in Ghirokarzin villages). The research is applied and descriptive-analytical method based on survey and its statistical population consists of households living in 9 villages in the central part of Ghirokarzin city with 2914 households. Using Cochran’s formula, 342 heads of households were selected and interviewed. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in the l Likert scale with 5 options in which the variables of subsistence capital were included using a review of previous research. Validity of questionnaires using professors’ opinions and its reliability using Cronbach’s alpha for: Economic indices were 0.75, social indices were 0.87, human indices were 0.89, natural indices were 0.81, and physical indices were 0.74, which indicates relatively desirable reliability. The questionnaires were analyzed using Friedman, chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis and Phi Cramer’s Kramer statistical tests in SPSS software environment and ARCGIS software was used to prepare the map. Findings show that the main source of income for the residents of rural areas of the region is based on date production and the creation of conversion and complementary industries of date processing has been able to create employment, earn income, prevent product loss and improve sustainable livelihoods of rural households. Leave and provide the basis for the survival and stabilization of the rural population in the study area. Therefore, the creation and development of this type of industry is recommended due to the abundance of the raw material of this industry, namely dates in the region and cheap labor in terms of proper location.

The primary objective of the present study is the investigation of the various properties of Iran’s local and regional droughts based on the theory of runs and standardized precipitation index (SPI). Thus, in order to accomplish this goal, the annual precipitation data of 63 synoptic stations were procured from Iran’s meteorological organization for a 30-year period (1986-2015).. First, based on the theory of runs and SPI index, local and regional drought characteristics such as duration, cumulated deficit and their severity were extracted.. Detection and separate of regional droughts based on critical spatial threshold were selected 30 and 50% of the total area of Iran, and based on this, the characteristics of Iranian drought for both scales were examined together. In local scale, the droughts were monitored using the theory of runs and it was found out that this method cannot be an appropriate one for regions featuring high vastness and various climates in comparison to SPI. It was also shown in regional scale that the use of the theory of runs with areal threshold of 30% of the total area under drought cannot make up a suitable combination for monitoring Iran’s regional droughts. Thus, in a comparison between the two areal thresholds of 30% and 50%, it was figured out that the 50% areal threshold is a good one for the theory of runs and SPI for monitoring Iran’s regional droughts. Another result of this study is that the duration of droughts in the first period was shorter than the second period.. As for the intensity of the droughts, it seems that the intensity of the droughts is lower in the second half (2001-2015) as compared to the first half (1986-2000).

From the beginning of their lives, human beings have been constantly faced with geomorphic threats, and these risks have led to human and financial losses in human habitats, especially in cities and villages, for human societies. One of these risks is earthquakes. According to a report by the United Nations Planning Office in 2002, Iran ranked first among the countries in the world in terms of the number of earthquakes with a magnitude of 5.5 and one of the highest ranks in terms of earthquake risk and the number of casualties. The risk is assigned to itself. In this study, an attempt was made to express the effect of several indicators on the spatial pattern of earthquakes in the study area. The relationship between eight parameters including distance from faults, density of faults, slope, altitude points, distance from garden, distance from forest, distance from barren lands, distance from city, earthquake density and earthquake depth were investigated. For this analysis, two ordinary least squares regression models (OLS) and geographic weight regression model (GWR) were used. The results indicate that the magnitude of the earthquake is directly related to fault density indices; It has a distance from the fault and altitude and showed the least correlation with the distance from the barren lands.

In today's world, due to the increasing use of technology and the decrease of criteria, disorders and semantic holes in social life, residential complexes in large cities lack the spirit and sense of place, this study aims to identify the importance of the effect of each factor. Environment is effective on the sense of place in residential complexes of Ahvaz according to two types of design approaches. The research method is descriptive-analytical and screening. For this purpose, by document analysis and library studies of articles and books, environmental factors affecting the sense of place were extracted and then a questionnaire to assess the share of each component in terms of residents and screening in Environmental factors affecting the sense of location of New Side and Jundishapur residential complex were performed and fuzzy Delphi technique and MATLAB software were used. The results show that in urban furniture, lighting with a value of 0.77 and a degree of H membership has the highest and trash with a value of 0.21 and a degree of VL membership has the lowest and can be removed. In rigid elements of spaces, the elements with the value of 0.89 and the degree of VH membership are the highest. In natural spaces, the waterfall has a value of 0.85 and a degree of VH membership. In the walls, the panels with the value of 0.87 and the degree of VH membership and the doors with the value of 0.37 and the degree of membership L are the lowest. In the landscape, the natural landscape is the lowest with a value of 0.88 and the degree of VH membership and the skyline is the lowest with a value of 0.21 and the degree of VL membership. From urban furniture, trash cans are from VL category, from the floor, slope of the ground is in L category, from natural space, tree is in L category, from walls are from doors category L, visual platforms are from VL category. In terms of depth of vision and weaknesses of the L category, the sky line is of the VL category and the quality of the color space is of the L category and can be removed.